Artificial Intelligence Essay

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Intelligence is the ability to think to imagine creating memorizing and understanding, recognizing patterns, making choices adapting to change and learn from experience. Artificial intelligence concerned with making computers behave like humans more human like fashion and in much less time then a human takes. Hence it is called as Artificial Intelligence. Artificial intelligence is different from psychology because it emphasis on computation and is different from computer science because of its emphasis on perception, reasoning and action. It makes machines smarter and more useful.[2] Fig 1. Overview of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence can be divided into parts according to philosophy of AI.
1. Strong AI
2. Weak AI

Strong
Thus Strong AI claims that in near future we will be surrounded by such kinds of machine which can completely works like human being and machine could have human level intelligence.

Weak AI
Weak AI,also known as narrow AI, is an AI system that is designed and trained for a particular task. Weak AI simply states that thinking like features can be easily added to computer to make them more useful tools and this already started to happen. For example, when a human player plays chess against a computer, the human player may feel as if the computer is actually making impressive moves. But the chess application is not thinking and planning at all.[3] Fig.2 Areas of A.I.

Turing Test:The Turing test is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior. The test was introduced by Alan Turing in his 1950 paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence. The original question behind this test was “Can machines think? “. The test proceeds as follows a human judge engages in a natural language conversation with one human and one machine, each of which tries to appear human. All participants are placed in isolated locations. If the judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test. In order to test the machine's intelligence rather than its ability to render words into audio, the conversation is limited
AREAS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

A. Language understanding: The ability to "understand" and respond to the natural language. To translate from spoken language to a written form and to translate from one natural language to another natural language.
1.1 Speech Understanding
1.2 Semantic Information Processing (Computational Linguistics)
1.3 Question Answering
1.4 Information Retrieval
1.5 Language Translation

B. Learning and adaptive systems: The ability to adapt behavior bagged on previous experience, and to develop general rules concerning the world based on such experience.
2.1 Cybernetics
2.2 Concept Formation

C. Problem solving: Ability to formulate a problem in a suitable representation, to plan for its solution and to know when new information is needed and how to obtain it.
3.1 Inference (Resolution-Based Theorem Proving, Plausible Inference and Inductive Inference)
3.2 Interactive Problem Solving
3.3 Automatic Program Writing
3.4 Heuristic Search [5]

D. Perception (visual): The ability to analyze a sensed scene by relating it to an internal model which represents the perceiving organism's "knowledge of the world." The result of this analysis is a structured set of relationships between entities in the

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