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The effect of technology in society
The effect of technology in society
The effect of technology in society
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Artificial Intelligence
In the article “Elon Musk’s Future Shock”, Maureen Dowd talks about the idea of artificial intelligence. She talks about the two different sides from Demis Hassabis and Elon Musk. Demis agrees in the development of Demis because he is the creator of it all. Elon Musk is a completely against it. A lot of people are stuck between both ideas, the advancements are great but they are also scared that the technology is going to become smarter than the humans and take over the world.
Dowd talks about the argument between two guys Demis Hassabis and Elon Musk. The argument was about the idea of artificial intelligence. Hassabis is the creator of advanced artificial intelligence, and Elon Musk is completely against it. Hassabis is the co-founder of DeepMind. He had come to Los Angeles to Musk’s SpaceX rocket
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Artificial intelligence is intelligent behavior by machines, rather than the natural intelligence of humans and other animals. The sub-levels of artificial intelligence that researchers have found are; Reasoning (problem solving), cognitive simulation, deep recurrent neutral networks, control theory, finance, and automotive. Robots are going to be able to have the problem solving skills greater than any human being. Artificial intelligence today is known as weak AI, and is only able to perform things like facial recognition or Internet searches. (Max Tegmark) The long-term goal of researchers is to be able to outperform humans at specific tasks, from playing chess to any cognitive task given. There are going to be so many advancements in the future; everybody already using technology all the time on their own mobile devices. The world has come to where people cannot live without their phones or technology being with them at all times. Technology is necessary but thought of artificial intelligence is a different
Carr captures his audience's attention by using an allusion from “Stanley Kubrick’s movie 2001, A Space Odyssey”. He stated the essay with “Dave, stop will you?” and the Supercomputer HAL plead. Any reader who has watch A Space Odyssey or interested in supercomputers to read his article. He highlights the fact that a computer could think for you. The states, “I’ve had an uncomfortable sense that someone, or something, has been tinkering with my brain(Is google making us stupid? By Carr page 2)”. He made a point that the more people are found of the internet the more we lose ability to deep think.
In the essay "Toward An Intelligence Beyond Man’s" by Robert Jastrow, the author showed his view on computer intelligence and predicted that computer intelligence will be a new kind of evolution. Jastrow stateed that computer nowadays is as intelligent as human brain; they can communicate with human, learn from experience, and raise logical questions. The more complex the computer, the better they imitate human. He predicted that computer will as important as life in future years. Then, Jastrow used the example of Arthur Samuel and IBM computer to show computers can learn faster through motivation, even they do not have emotions and drives as human do. He also points out that computer and human brain share some characteristics; they both freeze out when handle too many tasks, and they outclass fast decisions under a crisis. Jastrow said even human still have the control power, computers learn much faster than humans’ intelligence. Then, in an ultimate situation, computers and human w ill become partners; they completely depends on each other to survive. However, Jastrow thought this partnership will not stay long; as computer will become more and more clever , but human evolution of intelligence is almost finished. He suggested that computer will be the new kind of intelligence which surpass human, as a new evolution of life. He said the history had proved it takes a million year for human evolution. It took less time , compare to a billion years of evolution from worm to human. By the incredibly fast rate of technology improvement, Jastrow thought computer will evolve in a much shorter period of time.
To sum up his article, Carr mentions the scientist at Google who is trying to make an artificial intelligence for us to use our brains. He wants us to feel scared and be frightened because with an artificial intelligence in us we will be more like computers. Not being able to think on our own, but instead our brains will be running like a
Finalist for the 2011 Pulitzer Prize, Nicholas Carr in his article, Is Google is making us stupid?, addresses his beliefs that the internet is creating artificial intelligence as it effects our mind and the way we think. Throughout the article Carr supports this claim with rhetorical devices as well as Aristotelian appeals. Carr begins by using pathos by stating an anecdote from a scene in the movie A Space Odyssey, then uses logos by stating factual evidence and statistics, lastly Carr uses ethos by conceding to opposition and stating appropriate vocabulary. In the article he compares the past and present and how the Internet has changed not only himself, but also people as a whole. In order to show his credibility, Carr uses research and
Kurzweil’s view of this thought is positive because he believes artificial intelligence is the future as appose to Carr who thinks negatively because we are currently revolving our actions around technology too much. Carr believes technology effects every thing around us including our every day lives. He also states that we are on the way to having artificial intelligence. Kurzweil’s theory of artificial intelligence will be greatly exceeding stating that, “The rate of technological change will not be limited to human mental speeds. Machine intelligence will improve its own abilities in a feedback cycle that unaided human intelligence will not be able to follow”(Kurzweil 470). Therefore explaining that artificially intelligent machines will be able to solely improve themselves making it not possible for humans to follow, hence changing the way the world is. Also claiming that, “Nanobots will interact with biological neurons to vastly extend human experience by creating virtual reality from within the nervous system”(Kurzweil 471). Carr agrees more in a current point of view that the Internet is becoming artificially intelligent and discusses how the founders of Google “speak(s) frequently of their desire to turn their search engine into an artificial intelligence, a HAL-like machine that might be connected directly to our brains”(Carr 116). Which connects back to Kurzweil’s theory but just in a present point of view. Also Kurzweil believes that through Singularity, machines will be able to give help to a person in such a simple way. Although Carr’s article goes in agreement with what Kurzweil theory is Carr himself does not believe that the revolution of technology is a good thing, he simply agrees that we are heading to artificial intelligence. Carr’s text shows
I will use this article’s arguments and logic in the counter argument section of my essay. I will address the arguments Boden utilizes and will mention the additional fears that are mentioned in the article. While dehumanizing aspects of artificial intelligence are not a great threat given artificial intelligence’s limitations, artificial intelligence will continue to advance. Meanwhile, the issue of humans depending too heavily on inaccurate information is a concern. Artificial intelligence cannot know everything, so decisions may not be as thought-out as humans. This article is unbiased, as it uses strong logical arguments without employing logical fallacies. The article also addresses other fears, instead of claiming that artificial intelligence is a flawless concept. This article is limited, as it doesn 't discuss two of my arguments in my essay
The official foundations for "artificial intelligence" were set forth by A. M. Turing, in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" wherein he also coined the term and made predictions about the field. He claimed that by 1960, a computer would be able to formulate and prove complex mathematical theorems, write music and poetry, become world chess champion, and pass his test of artificial intelligences. In his test, a computer is required to carry on a compelling conversation with humans, fooling them into believing they are speaking with another human. All of his predictions require a computer to think and reason in the same manner as a human. Despite 50 years of effort, only the chess championship has come true. By refocusing artificial intelligence research to a more humanlike, cognitive model, the field will create machines that are truly intelligent, capable of meet Turing's goals. Currently, the only "intelligent" programs and computers are not really intelligent at all, but rather they are clever applications of different algorithms lacking expandability and versatility. The human intellect has only been used in limited ways in the artificial intelligence field, however it is the ideal model upon which to base research. Concentrating research on a more cognitive model will allow the artificial intelligence (AI) field to create more intelligent entities and ultimately, once appropriate hardware exists, a true AI.
To begin, the main issue of development of Artificial Intelligence is the economic factors. Firstly, one of the main negative effects of AI on economy is unemployment. According to the suggesting of Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne of Oxford University during next 20 years 47 per cent of all USA jobs under the threat and will be replaced with intelligence machines (Vincent). If jobs will be automated, people will lose their workplaces and it is becomes one of the harmful problems not only for economy, but also for society. Because, if people will not have a workplace, they will not be able to provide their needs. Furthermore, development of AI can be a reason of increasing inequality of wages. For instance, the salaries of computer workers approximately earn 10 to 15 percent more than others. (Frey and Osborne). It is also one of the economic problems because it can lead to discontent of workers who hav...
Expert scientists believe that extreme intelligence, like the intelligence that Morgan possesses, can lead to superintelligence. According to Nick Bostrom, author of Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies, superintelligence can be defined as “any intellect that greatly exceeds the cognitive performance of humans in virtually all domains” (Bostrom). This essentially refers to an intelligent machine or a synthetic human having the capacity to know more information than all other people in the world combined. In the film, Morgan is the synthetic human that researchers in the real world fear. She acts as both a symbol and a method of foreshadowing because of the way she incorrectly acts. Morgan foreshadows an existential takeover of humans by intelligent machines and synthetic human beings. The viewers of the film are able to speculate on the possible future of the world as artificial intelligence continues to advance. Luke Scott, the director of the film, intentionally created this type of movie so that people would become aware of the negative outcomes related to artificial
Pop culture has explored this idea and gave fictional tales of what can happen if artificial intelligence “goes bad”. While it may not be a credible source, it still has room for interpretation. Allowing robotics what is arguably the most influential trait today, a mind, is a frightening thought. Researching the human mind is still a field of study today and is not fully understood. How can scientists and researchers behind artificial intelligence accurately come up with how the human mind interacts with itself and its surroundings? Yes, they can start with the ability to learn, such as a path of an infant absorbing knowledge through its adolescence, but what if the expansion of information becomes exponential? The artificial intelligence may gain full control and depth of their mind and comprehend the world differently as humans do. This brings the artificial intelligence to a cognitive and spiritual level beyond that of the human mind. If this were to happen humans cannot be able to understand the artificial intelligence. They have programmed it to learn itself, its mind, and how to operate. What level is that beyond a human mind, a god? At one point researchers that developed the artificial intelligence had a grasp and outlook for their technology’s lifespan. What they thought the artificial intelligence may derive from its programming, has transformed into something completely dissimilar. The artificial
In order to see how artificial intelligence plays a role on today’s society, I believe it is important to dispel any misconceptions about what artificial intelligence is. Artificial intelligence has been defined many different ways, but the commonality between all of them is that artificial intelligence theory and development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would normally require a human intelligence such as decision making, visual recognition, or speech recognition. However, human intelligence is a very ambiguous term. I believe there are three main attributes an artificial intelligence system has that makes it representative of human intelligence (Source 1). The first is problem solving, the ability to look ahead several steps in the decision making process and being able to choose the best solution (Source 1). The second is the representation of knowledge (Source 1). While knowledge is usually gained through experience or education, intelligent agents could very well possibly have a different form of knowledge. Access to the internet, the la...
It is a type of artificial intelligence program that imitated the analytical skills and understanding of human experts. By 1985, the artificial intelligence market had come up to one billion dollars; moreover, around the same time, Japan’s fifth generation computer project motivated the British and American government to bring back funding for artificial intelligence. Unfortunately, the artificial intelligence market fell back into disrepute which started with the fall of the Lisp Machine market. Additionally, this was a much longer “AI winter”. Soon, in the late 1900s and in the beginning of the 21st century, artificial intelligence was starting to be utilized for data mining, medical diagnosis, and in other areas as well as logistics. All this success was because of the increasing computational power, new relationships between other fields and artificial intelligence, higher significance on answering specific issues, and a commitment by researchers to scientific standards as well as mathematical methods. For example, on May 11th, 1997, Deep Blue (an IBM computer) was the first computer that played chess and it beat the ruling world chess champion at that time, Garry Kasparov. This was the beginning of an amazing discovery, artificial intelligence. Faster computers, able to obtain huge amounts of information, and statistical and advanced methods allowed progress in perception and machine learning. By the midyear of 2010, machine learning programs were utilized in the entire world. For example, Watson (IBM’s question answering system) beat Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter, the two greatest champions of Jeopardy, in a Jeopardy exhibition match by huge amounts. Another example is of the Kinect. It gives a 3D body-motion interface for the Xbox One and the Xbox 360 using algorithms that surfaced from long artificial research. Soon, 2015 came. According to
Recently, the media has spent an increasing amount of broadcast time on new technology. The focus of high-tech media has been aimed at the flurry of advances concerning artificial intelligence (AI). What is artificial intelligence and what is the media talking about? Are these technologies beneficial to our society or potential threats? Medical facilities, police departments, and manufacturing plants have all been changed by AI. Will machine language and artificial neural network replace humans in the future?
Artificial Intelligence “is the ability of a human-made machine to emulate or simulate human methods for the deductive and inductive acquisition and application of knowledge and reason” (Bock, 182). The early years of artificial intelligence were seen through robots as they exemplified the advances and potential, while today AI has been integrated society through technology. The beginning of the thought of artificial intelligence happened concurrently with the rise of computers and the dotcom boom. For many, the utilization of computers in the world was the most advanced role they could ever see machines taking. However, life has drastically changed from the 1950s. This essay will explore the history of artificial intelligence, discuss the
Artificial intelligence is an idea of if the human thought process can be mechanized. It was around the 1940’s – 50’s that a group of people came together to discuss the possibility of creating an artificial brain and its uses. These people were a variety of scientists from different fields such as mathematics, economics, engineering, and etc. This was the birth of the field of artificial intelligence. While artificial intelligence would prove to be technologically revolutionary by introducing new ideas such as quantum computers or robots, said new ideas could result in the downfall of mankind. The result could range to being the plummet of the economy, the end of the human race, or even the corruption of the next generation and onwards. All of these problems resulting in the possibility of the end of the earth. The more we need to learn more about technology and further advance it, the closer we are getting to the extinction of the human race. These are the reasons why the advancement of artificial intelligent should be halted or banned so no harm can be done even without the intentions.