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Differences and similarities between the "feudal system" in europe and japan essay
Essay on early medieval art
Essay on early medieval art
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The feudal era of japan is knows as the age of the warrior or the warring states. This was a time when warlords and shoguns were in power and actually even more powerful than the emperor himself. There was a lot of famine and much of the country was stricken with war but at this was the time for artists to prosper, when legend was predominate. All of these things interacted with each other art dealt with human life; myth played a role in burials.
Art in Japan during the feudal ages had a great influence of the time and reflected how the people saw and interacted with their environment and with each other. Japanese art at this time valued more of the emotional appeal and appreciation for nature, life and emotions. They held the idea that “the
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These burials would occur when a person died during the summer festival of them welcoming back their ancestor’s souls. Some believe part of the reason why they covered their head was because of the idea that “relative would pass each other in the after life and would hit them on the head.” (3) The living relatives were actually trying to protect the dead from being punished by their ancestors for dying during this important holiday. The fact that such a valuable item whether it was bronze, iron, of different type of metal shows the great importance of this burial. “People were to refrain from ostentacious burials”(4) said one emperor. It wasn't suppose to be excessive for example the emperor ordered that burial mounds be kept low, the coffins shouldn't be decorated or lacquered, the coffin cover shouldn't last longer than the bones. No metal, no jewels, and no jaded armor should be buried with them. Society played little in terms of burials, while religion played the biggest part in burials. This showed how valuable these pots were that were buried with …show more content…
Step 2- is to wash body clean to ensure nothing dirty comes out of it; family members insert cotton into the nose, ears, and anus and force the mouth and eyes closed. Step 3 – Is hanging a painting of the deceased, it is never a photograph. Step 4 – Is to pose the dead and turn their head to the north. Step 5- changing the manner of daily life such as turning shoji screens upside down. Step 6 – Is to cloth the deceased their favorite clothes. Step 7- is a period of intense mourning lasting 24 hours. Step 8 - mourners dress in all black. Step 9 – Offering intense to the dead. Step 10- mourners give money to the immediate family to help take some of the burden of the funeral expenses off them. Step 11- the family gathers within 24 hours to discuss what the deceased would want. Step 12- the wake period. Step 13- small gifts are given (not money) for the close friends that helped the family. Step 14- when there are bones left from the cremation, a family member removes them from the ashes with chopsticks and passes them to another relative who also picks them up by chopsticks to place them in the urn. Step 15- after the funeral, before entering the house, each person throws salt behind them to ward off evil spirits. Step 16 - to acknowledge gifts and tokens, as well as a feeling of
Before dropping the bones into the pit they waited the signal of the master of the ritual. After the signal has been giving they can finally place the bones of their loved ones in the pit and have a sense of peace for their loved
Japan lasted from 1185-1603. During that time Japan had emperors, shoguns, daimyos, samurai, and peasants who were all apart of a social class, and all together it was called the Samurai Society. The emperor was just a figurehead for the shogun. The shogun was a powerful military leader that ruled in the emperor’s name. Daimyo were powerful landlords. The daimyo often led armies of samurai. These samurai were trained professional warriors who served daimyo and shoguns. The samurai had to follow a certain code of rules for samurai called Bushido. One of their rules included to always have self-discipline to become a good samurai. The samurai warriors wore light armor, helmets (usually shaped like an animal), and had two swords around their waist. Their armor had a lot of detail and color to it, like their unique helmets. After the samurai comes the peasants, which included farmers and fishermen. They usually always work, then pay takes to the shogun. They usually gave the shogun what they earned from working like food or crops. What made their jobs a bit difficult was their topography. Japan’s topography included many mountains, undersea volcanoes, and barely any flat land to farm on. The Japanese didn’t only work they also practiced their religion. For example, they practiced Confucianism, Buddhism (...
Teotihuacan is an ancient Mayan city that can be found about 25 miles away from modern Mexico City. This large ancient city has several pyramids and the third largest pyramid is The Temple of the Feathered Serpent. The pyramid is hardly the most famous one associated with this archaeological site but it did gain popularity during the 1980s because of a series of discoveries of curious tombs located below the structure. There are over two hundred sacrificial burials that archaeologists believe were buried as a part of a dedication of the temple. The way that the bodies were laid out doesn’t have a specific meaning yet because the bodies seem to be grouped together in certain locations. The bodies are both from men and women, with the men having weapons and jewellery buried with them which probably indicated that they were warriors. Archaeologists believe that the temple may have been the resting place of a great leader as well thanks to a large deposit of liquid mercury that was
“In most human society's death is an extremely important cultural and social phenomenon, sometimes more important than birth” (Ohnuki-Tierney, Angrosino, & Daar et al. 1994). In the United States of America, when a body dies it is cherished, mourned over, and given respect by the ones that knew the person. It is sent to the morgue and from there the family decides how the body should be buried or cremated based on...
Special foods such as candy, breads, and buns, they are often baked in the shapes of skulls with icing. The use of puppets and masks are very popular as well. The belief that family members who have died will return to their gravesite that is why the flowers and gifts are placed there. The warm social environment the colorful setting, and the abundance of food, drinks and good company are the ceremony of the dead. It has pleasant overtones for most observers.
When someone dies their bones are burned and crushed into ash and consumed by the relatives. It puts a persons soul at peace to find a resting place within their family, it would be an abomination to bury them in the ground. Once this ceremony is finished the person is gone. Their name or person is never to be mentioned again.
...ial ceremony. The mortician grooms the deceased’ and tries to make the dead look as living as possible. (http://listverse.com/2007/11/08/the-5-stages-of-embalming/)
It is clear that tombs and burial rituals were a key element in the Egyptian society and their way of life as it ties into almost all things they did on a daily basis. Whatever a person’s status was when they were alive followed them into the afterlife. Food and luxury goods were buried with a person so that they could have it in the afterlife. The tombs became a person’s new house after they died. Therefore, making it as nice as possible was really important. Art work and clay models were added to a person’s tomb as material goods needed for the afterlife. They were also seen as decorations that kept the tombs looking nice. Throughout the years, Egyptian artworks on the inner parts of the tombs and on the coffins show a development in the Egyptian customs. Each new development was created to better preserve the bodies and comfort of the dead.
The funerary rituals introduced by the Egyptians were the most intricate, spiritual rites in their times and, perhaps, even to this day. Their elaborate customs, tombs, and gifts to the dead were representative of their pious, devoted nature. Albeit not all were as imposing as the oldest and still remaining Seven Wonder of the World, the Pyramids of Giza, all were meaningful and sacred. The Egyptians, highly reverent of their dead, adopted ornate, religious burial practices to fit to every member of their society.
...t, monks will come and recite scriptures while mourners offer gifts. The body if taken to the cremation site on the fourth day while about eight monks carry a long white cord connected to the casket. At the place of cremation, family members take pictures by the casket and walk around the casket three times, symbolizing traveling through the cycle of death and rebirth. Ten “important people” then place a set of yellow robes on the white cord, after, the senior monk collects them. Buddhist tradition calls this symbolically contemplating the dead, which “brings merit to those who provide opportunity for the monks to do so (Cite text pg 366).” After the cremation the remaining ashes and bones are “made into the shape of a human being with the head facing east.” The remains are then put in a reliquary built in the monastery. Grief is not stressed in Buddhist ceremonies.
Buddhism had an important role in the development of Japanese art between the sixth and the sixteenth centuries. Buddhist art and religion came to Japan from China, with the arrival of a bronze Buddhist sculpture alongside the sutras. Buddhist art was encouraged by Crown Prince Taishi in the Suiko period in the sixth century and Emperor Shomu in the Nara period in the eighth century. In the early Heian period Buddhist art and architecture greatly influenced the traditional Shinto arts, and Buddhist painting became fashionable among the wealthy class. The Amida sect of Buddhism provided the basis for many artworks, such as the bronze Great Buddha at Kamakura in the thirteenth century. Many of the great artists during this Kamakura period were Buddhist monks, and Buddhist art became popular among the masses with scroll paintings, paintings used in worship and paintings of saints, hells and other religious themes. Under the Zen sect of Buddhism, portraiture of priests became popular. However, Zen had less use for religious images and by the mid sixteenth century most painting in Japan was of landscapes and secular themes.
When death occurs, the body is prepared for viewing. People of the same gender prepare the body by laying their “hands across the chest, closing the eyelids, anointing the body with oil, and placing flower garlands around it.” (Leming & Dickinson, 2011, pg. 384). According to Leming and Dickinson, Hindus believe that cremation is “an act of sacrifice” because they are offering their body to God. The body is usually cremated on the bank of a sacred river. The book, Understanding dying, death, and bereavement offers an “invocation” that would be close to what a priest would recite, “Fire, you were lighted by him, so may he be lighted from you, that he may gain the regions of celestial bliss. May this offering prove auspicious.” Leming and Dickinson (2011) state that between 10-31 days post cremation, a feast (shraddha) is shared among mourners and priests. Shraddhas can last hours to days, depending on the wealth of the family. Once this shraddha is over, the mourning period comes to a close. It is said that the funeral is the second most important ritual, following a wedding, and that many families spend all the money they have on them, leading to impoverishment (Leming & Dickinson, 2011, p.
The most common ancient Egyptian burial practice is the mummification process as depicted in source B. Mummification is a ritual that embalmers performed when a pharaoh died. Source B is a photograph of the canoptic jars which are a main component of the mummification process. The first step in the mummification process is the removal and preservation of most of the internal organs, such as the lungs, the stomach, the liver and intestines. These organs are then separately embalmed and placed into canoptic jars as source B reveals. These jars were often decorated with one of the four animal-headed sons of the god Horus. Each head is believed to be the protector of each organ within the jar and is dedicated to a specific deity. The preservation of the organs is significant as they allowed the dead person to breathe and eat in the afterlife. The internal organs were then wrapped and put into either the body or put in boxes instead of sitting in jars. Canoptic jars were still placed in the tomb but they were solid or empty and provided a symbolic purpose. In Tutankhamun’s tomb the canoptic jars were discovered in a shrine that was found in the treasury room of the tomb. Source B is useful is when understanding the mummification process.
The Medieval time period was an important era for the growth of culture throughout the entire world. We owe many innovations used in design, architecture and overall style to the works of the many artists that flourished in the middle ages. Each of the four periods of development were unique to one another, yet followed an overlying religious theme that defined the medieval times. The advancements made during that time were able to influence to the 800 years of art that lead up to present day, and still remain visually and architecturally beautiful.
Japan had little contact with other countries during the Tokugawa period. Thus, the then Japanese print artists were not influenced by any Western art styles. These artists followed Japanese art stylistics that had developed itself over