Arizona Executive Branch Essay

Arizona, the 48th state in the United States, full of life and history. As much as Arizona is known for the beaming hot sun, the scenery such as the mountains, artwork, and culture there is a extreme amount of history built behind every aspect in Arizona. This state carries history in almost every wall in Arizona as well as every person one was to pass on the street. Arizona has developed through Native American, Spanish, Mexican, and U.S periods. The state has also struggled through gaining their statehood and Constitutional Convention. However, when Arizona did gain its statehood they had built a strong government for Arizona, including the Counties, Municipalities, and Tribal governments. Although Arizona has had some tremendous breakthroughs

in the past there are still some constitutional conservatories such as immigration
Native Americans has long been a part of Arizona, long before it had become a state, bringing great amounts of complexity and cultural achievement. Paleo Indians have lived in Arizona for over fifteen thousand years digging their roots in the soil. These early Arizonans made the Arizona their home, living off by hunting and around 2,000 B.C they began planting corn. However, the Paleo Indians were not the only Native Americans living on Arizona’s soil as the Hohokam were there as well. The Hohokam could be found in the central and southern areas of Arizona. Their society was built off of their agriculture, as they were maintained by waterways from rivers such as the Salt, Gila. The Natives carried multiple villages that are now found in parks such as the Pueblo Grande, Mesa Grande, and Casa Grande, the villages would provide farmed food for their large number of residents. Further north from the Hohokam were the Anasazi. They built large pueblos for protection there were constructed on the sides of cliffs, some can be found today such as the Navajo National Monument on the Navajo Reservation. Unfortunately, these societies were removed from their native homelands in Arizona as the first Europeans arrived. Today many tribes have been able to gain their cultural identity as well as a portion of their historic land back. The Native Americans were not the only people to live in Arizona before it became a state, the Spanish and Mexicans did as well.
The Spanish/Mexicans helped Arizona develop to what it has become today, from the missions to the culture. Between 1540 and 1821 Spanish explorers, conquerors, and settlers from the north of Mexico came to Arizona to expand their Spanish empire. The Spanish brought a chain of missions, forts, villages, and ranches, mainly around the Santa Cruz river. Mexico had a great amount of influence on Arizona as they brought culture and people to the state. Mexico brought their workers from employers who worked in mines, farms, to ranches. As workers came to Arizona so did the workers family, welcoming their families and culture to the area. Before the United States took over Arizona, “The Mexican Revolution of 1821 made Tucson part of Mexico” (Pearson). Today approximately 30 percent of Arizona residents are people from Hispanic ancestry.
Arizona’s history goes even farther from the Natives, Spanish, and Mexicans, but also includes in the United States. In 1539 the first European, priest Marcos de Niza, discovered Arizona. “Missionary Marcos de Niza travels through Arizona on a quest for the Seven Cities of Cibola, the legendary cities of gold”(Sherman).Soon after European explorers were in Arizona mining for riches, such as gold, while priests were establishing their missions. The United States gained control over the southwest after the Mexican American War, giving them the power to purchase over $15 million in land, including southern Arizona, due to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Gadsden Purchase. When the Civil War began Arizona joined the Confederacy separating from the United States and becoming a part of New Mexico. Arizona contributed to the Confederate states by sending their men and supplies. Arizona had some rough ties with the United States, however, they managed to become the 48th contiguous state.
The state of Arizona struggled to receive statehood. Arizona was originally a part of New Mexico and when the United States wanted to make New Mexico and Arizona a single state Arizona refused. In order for Arizona to become a separate territory and state they had to find common ground with the President of the United States, also known as President Taft. The people of Arizona agreed with President Taft to use their votes to eliminate the recall of judiciary in return they become their own state. Arizona had become the last of the 48th coterminous state in the United State to be admitted into the union. It was not until February 14, 1912 when the Grand Canyon state had achieved statehood. Arizona needed to build a government now that they are a state.
Copying the United States system, the Arizona constitution divides the government into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial branch.

The Arizona executive branch is quite similar to the federal government’s executive branch as it is responsible with implementing and enforcing the laws. “According to Article 3 in Arizona's constitution " The powers of the government of the State of arizona shall be divided into three separate departments, the Legislative, the Executive and the Judicial; and, except as provided in this Constitution, such as departments shall exercise the powers properly to either of the others”(McClory). The difference between the federal government, Arizona has a plural executive. The executive branch carries approximately one hundred and thirty agencies, departments, commissions, authorities, registers, offices, boards, councils, and institutions. This branch depends on these organizations in order to assist them to carry out the law and while assisting the everyday matter for the State government. The legislative branch determines and reviews policy as well as the administration of state affairs. Those who are included with the Arizona Senate along with the Arizona House of Representatives as they are the State’s two major law makers. However, the law makers are not the only ones involved as the Joint Legislative Budget Committee, the Legislative Council, and the Office of Auditor General are a part of the legislative branch as well. The judiciary branch takes care of resolving legal clashes while managing trials and interpreting the law. In fact, the ones who are included in the judiciary branch in order to make legal matter better are the Arizona Court of Appeals, Superior Court, and Municipal Courts. Arizona’s branched government is not the only aspects bringing structure to the state, County Government and Municipalities are in the mix

also.
The County Government in Arizona is driven by providing the state of its specific needs. Each state is in need of different types of help due to different lifestyles, this is where local governments take over. This government provides their community with projects they need such as roads, parks, libraries, and have a county jail. For Arizona the County Government makes solutions available for Arizona’s exact situations. There are up to fifteen different counties in Arizona and none of them are the same whether it be the size, population, and overall environment. From Maricopa Country, carrying more than half of the state’s population, to Greenlee Country, the state’s smallest population, all of them can benefit from the County Government. Each of the counties in Arizona can be well provided for as each county carries county offices. Arizona had more than county governments, they also had tribe governments.
On the reservations Indian and Native Americans can control their own systems due to the tribal government. Together there are 22 tribes who are recognized by the federal government. “The structure of tribal governments generally reflects the influence of the U.S Bureau Indian Affairs, which, pursuant to the federal Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, assisted the tribes in developing constitutions”(Berman). The majority of these tribes elect both a chairperson as well as a council. Every tribal runs their government differently, such as the Navajo. Since 1989, the Navajo tribe has governed themselves using the famous three branch system that the United States government uses. The three branches are the executive, judicial, and legislative branch. The Navajos executive government is ran by the President and Vice President, who are voted by the people of the tribe. Once the President and Vice President are elected they are required to serve a four-year term. The Chief Justice of the Navajo Tribe controls the judicial branch. The Chief of Justice is determined by the President of the tribe as well as the Navajo Council. 88 members are a part of the legislative branch also known as the Navajo Council. Each legislator is to serve a four-year term. They are elected by each register voter. Members of the tribal government are able to bring attention to local economic issues in their community whether it be if homes are granted into the community to business deals on the property.
The state of Arizona’s constitutional controversy is immigration. Approximately 12 percent of the state’s residents are immigrants, leading to one out of six of workers to be noncitizens. “Statistics provided by ICE show the agency arrested 41,898 immigrants during the first 100 days of Trump's administration, including 1,770 in Arizona. That is an increase of nearly 35 percent nationally and nearly 12.6 percent in Arizona, compared with the same period the year before”(Gonzalez). Many immigrants help Arizona work forces especially in the agriculture, benefitting the state. However, many of these people fear for their and their families lives as they can be taken back to their homeland as it is viewed as illegal in the United States to live in a country one has secretly come to.
Arizona has a load of important history behind its state, history that affected people from 2,000 B.C up until today. Native Americans. Spanish, Mexican, and U.S have all started the history of the state from the culture to the giving Arizona its statehood. Each county and tribe is provided a personal government to be suitable for their needs. Arizona's history and government has pushed through a lot of situation to make the state as strong as it could be. However, not everything is fixed in Arizona as there are still constitutional concerns that are affecting the people of Arizona. Immigration is ruining lives of thousands of people every day in the state from businesses to families.