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Aristotelian essay
Literary criticism accoring to aristotle
Aristotle's philosophy
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The first reason that makes me believe that the views of Aristotle on metaphysics are accurate is the factual nature of the philosopher’s evidence. In essence, the thinker optimism regarding the nature of real forms existing on earth is practical. To illustrate this, no one should endeavor to prove the nature of human existence through abstract thinking such as “being preconceived” in an ideal world before humans appear on earth. Indeed, such thinking is at best, a fantasy, and proving such claims could be a daunting task, if not an impossible one. Conversely, I believe Aristotle is right in regard to the existence of forms, such as the human nature. To illustrate this, curious minds regarding the validity of a form of existence as whether
it is human or not could clear their uncertainty through empirical studies. For instance, by understanding the traits and principles that define a human being’s existence, could enable them to compare a form of existence with the traits and principles that dictates the validity of that existence to be classified as a human being. To illustrate this, if a human being is regarded so because of being biped, rational, cannot fly, sentimental, and has the ability to make a choice, then any form of existence that has these characteristics, capabilities, and principles should be regard as a human being. In contrast to Plato’s assertion, one does not need to imagine of an ideal form of that existence to name it human. It is human by the fact that such a form of existence meets the empirical traits of human nature. In others words, there is no need to assume of an interactions between an ideal human nature and the existing nature in order to determine whether human existence in its current form is an imitation of an ideal form that is beyond our physical world as opposed to a reality of a human being before our eyes in our physical world.
Of Aristotle’s three modes of rhetoric, Audre Lorde’s essay is comprised largely by logos complemented by pathos and the least by ethos. Ethos is obvious when she describes herself in terms of social groups, giving credibility to herself to justify her assertions. In her words, Lorde is a “forty-nine-year-old Black lesbian feminist socialist mother of two, including one boy, and a member of an interracial couple.” She explains at the beginning of her essay that she has been identified as an active member of these socially taboo groups and thus has the right to demand attention to her claims. Logos is seen throughout her essay, often following a bold statement. Her arguments not only consist of reasoning but also personal experiences and real-life occurrences, such as Lorde’s question of the lacking representation of poetry by Back women and the horrifying female circumcision supported by Jomo Kenyatta in Africa. Lorde’s use of logos is very effective because it gives the reader a relatable narrative to better understand her bold conclusions. The third mode of Aristotle’s rhetoric is pathos, which Lorde uses to a slightly lesser degree than logos but just as effectively. Examples of Lorde’s use of pathos are her descriptive language, metaphors and lists.
In what follows, I shall consider Aristotle's’ argument of the polis, or the city-state, as presented in his Politics I.2, and expound on the philosophical implications of this particular thesis; namely, a thesis which claims that the city-state exists by nature, and correspondingly, that a human being is ‘by nature a political animal’. Along the way, I shall present two objections leveled against each claim. The first pertains to the invalidity of the argument on ends; specifically, I shall protest that when a thing’s process of coming to be is completed, even if we regard this as an end, this does not necessarily confer that such an end is a natural end, for artificial processes too, like natural processes, share the potential to arrive at ends. The second pertains to the ‘part-whole’ argument, which in a sense takes from the argument of function. Here, I shall discuss that it is not quite clear whether the claim that human beings - as parts of the whole - are necessarily political animals, and so the view that the state is ‘prior by nature’ is uncertain. After that, I will present two Aristotelian responses against these objections; and judge whether or not these appear succeed. I conclude that he is correct in asserting that the city-state exists by nature, and correspondingly, that a human being is a political animal.
An explanation is a set of statements constructed to describe a set of facts which clarifies the causes, contexts, and consequences of those facts. This description may establish rules or laws, and may clarify the existing ones in relation to any objects, or phenomena examined. The first piece Bush Remarks Roil Debate over Teaching of Evolution written by Elizabeth Bumiller, is an explanation. Bumiller addresses her points using facts rather than opinions, she also says, “Recalling his days as Texas governor, Mr. Bush said in the interview, according to a transcript, “I felt like both sides ought to be properly taught.”(2), this signifies that this is an explanation and not an argument since he sees both sides instead of choosing one. For
On December 2,2015 I went to to the Lynnhaven building to receive some feedback on my agreement paper for English 111. It was a very rainy day after running through the rain when I reached the writing center room. There was a yellow note saying that the writing center was in the student center until December 4,2015. After reading the note I ran back in the rain to my car.It was to cold to walk it was raining. As I approached the student center I was told by a security guard that the tutoring lab was located on the third floor. I had walked up three flights of stairs. When I had finally reached the third floor,I walk into the tutoring lab. There were about eight tables, but only four staff members and one student. Amen had approached me asking what did I need help with today. I replied saying that I would like some feedback on my paper for English. He then pointed to the writing table and said “she can assist you with your paper”.
Aristotle raises the function argument in order to find out what the “final good” is for a human being. He describes this “final good” as some goal that every human’s actions should strive for. At first, he chooses happiness as this ultimate goal, and contends that it is a self-sufficient good in which all human do and desire. He also mentions that this final good can only be achieved by being “virtuous”. However, he is not satisfied with happiness; happiness is a mere feeling/sensation and does not provide a clear explanation of what the “final good” is. Furthermore, couldn’t a psychopath achieve his self-sufficient happiness when he murders for the pleasure/happiness
Aristotle on Rhetoric Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) was a Greek philosopher, educator, and scientist. He was able to combine the thoughts of Socrates and Plato to create his own ideas and definition of rhetoric. He wrote influential works such as Rhetoric and Organon, which presented these new ideas and theories on rhetoric. Much of what is Western thought today evolved from Aristotle's theories and experiments on rhetoric. Aristotle's Life Aristotle was born in 384 B.C., in Northern Greece.
Rather, Aristotle attempts to tackle some of the most fundamental questions of human experience, and at the crux of this inquiry is his argument for the existence of an unmoved mover. For Aristotle, all things are caused to move by other things, but the unreasonableness of this going on ad infinitum means that there must eventually be an ultimate mover who is himself unmoved. Not only does he put forth this argument successfully, but he also implies why it must hold true for anyone who believes in the ability to find truth through philosophy. Book XII of the Metaphysics opens with a clear statement of its goal in the first line of Chapter One: to explore substances as well as their causes and principles. With this idea in mind, Chapter One delineates the three different kinds of substances: eternal, sensible substances; perishable, sensible substances; and immovable substances.
The Nicomachean Ethics Book Four Chapter Three: Aristotle argues that those of noble wealth can be truly virtuous.
I find Aristotle’s arguments to lack the evidence necessary to actually persuade me into seeing the world through his lens. Aristotle, criticizes Plato for having no concrete evidence to back up his theories yet he has no concrete evidence that the material world is the source of knowledge. Isn’t it possible that things don’t exist for a reason, some things happen by chance? If the Prime Mover cannot interact with the world, then it is very different from the Judeao-Christian understanding of God that I have grown up being taught to understand. Therefore I am quite biased in the sense that my morals lean toward the Christian view more so than that of Aristotle, his ideas are second nature right now and therefore not as appealing to my mind. I would want Aristotle to believe that God has the ability to know that evil is
Because he is so involved in metaphysics, his views on politics are more theoretical as opposed to actual. Aristotle, contrarily, holds the view that politics is the art of ruling and being ruled in turn. In The Politics, he attempts to outline a way of governing that would be ideal for an actual state. Balance is a main word in discussing Aristotle because he believes it is the necessary element to creating a stable government. His less metaphysical approach to politics makes Aristotle more in tune with the modern world, yet he is far from modern.
Aristotle’s three types of rhetoric comprise of “the political, forensic, and the ceremonial oratory or display,” (Mueller, 93). Aristotle elaborates on how the three elements of the “speaker, subject and the person being addressed” ultimately “determines the speech’s end and object.” (Mueller, 93). The political form of rhetoric focuses on convincing individuals to act or not to act in a given situation. In this form of rhetoric, the speaker is either convincing the audience on a subject being addressed to do something or not to do something. Aristotle claims that these individuals are designated for “men who address public assemblies” (Mueller, 93). Forensic rhetoric deliberately takes a side on either the defense of the accused or against the accused and disputes that stance in front of a speaker, subject, and a person being addressed.
In Virtue Ethics, Aristotle describes the right thing to do as exercising the virtues, some examples include generosity, integrity, and kindness. Through experiences and learned knowledge, a person can achieve wisdom. Aristotle focuses on the Doctrine of the Mean, and defines it as doing the right action at the right time for the right reason. By focusing on the virtues, he highlights the importance of balance between the intentions of an action and the consequences of that action.
Substance abuse is a real problem for many people in America. People use drugs for several issues that they may have in life, such as a traumatic loss, stress, or just to have fun. Over the course of time, substance abuse can do harmful things to the body and change a person’s outlook on life. For women specifically, they use drugs for weight control, to fight exhaustion, to cope with pain, and to self-treat mental problems (NIAD,2017, para. 2). Also, women may have more drug cravings and may be more likely to relapse after treatment than men (NIAD,2017, para 4). A quote from one of my articles stated, “What makes a woman’s right to procreate more important than the right of a child to have a normal life?” (Harris, 2010). In this paper, I
Although Aristotle grew up under the ideas of Plato, through time he began to develop his own theories and views about philosophical thoughts (Aristotle Biography, 2015). Aristotle believed that in order to understand the natural world to the fullest, one must use each of the five senses, all of which we use to this day. Aristotle also had his own views of the world, especially the astronomy of it. He believed the earth was at the center of the universe and the remaining planets, only 5 known at the time, were circling around it (Worldview of Ancient Greece - Socrates, Plato & Aristotle, n.d.). We know now that his views on this matter are not taught and the planets revolve around the
The behavior of depression towards elderly is critical to cope with, and they need to know many ways of coping with depression. Some may not find it easy to allow other people to help them, because some may be incapable of taking care of their self as they aging. Many reasons why late adults are not eager to deal with the process of aging, and it could be due to physical condition that deteriorate the body until death or diseases. While some elderlies may see themselves as inefficient to their previous years, they may get easily discourage of what they use to do in their previous life. Many may have physical conditions or diseases that can be challenging to live with, so it’s hard to physically or mentally function. Because elderly believe