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Conditions of modern war
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Are the challenges that military commanders face in the contemporary operating environment more complex than ever before?
The earliest date battle accounted was the Battle of Kadesh in 1274 BC involving approximately 5,000 to 6,000 chariots between Ramesses II of the Empire of Egypt and Muwatalli II of the Hittite Empire. The Battle of Kadesh took place at Kadesh City on the Orontes River, what is now adjacent to the modern-day village of Tell al-Nabi Mando of western Syria. This is the first ever in history of mankind that subtle elements of warfare and strategies are known.
Since the Battle of Kadesh, history has seen the numerous changes in major conflicts. The evolving of space and time, education, social and political strata have driven the changes of conflict and warfare. Throughout the years after the Battle of Kadesh, military strategies and warfare, operating environment and the causes of war have been evolved. From the Legions of the Roman Empire to the Airborne Infantry of World War II, the tangible threat of the Soviet Union and recently War in Afghanistan, Iraq War, War in Somalia and Gaza War have imposed the difficulties, amorphous, changing and ill-defined threats and challenges of the situation.
Current operating environment is no longer tangible. Many defence and military organizations have conducted studies to address the emerging threat that exist in the new contemporary environment. Brunei Strategic Plan 2004 has underlined to take holistic approach in order to mitigate the complexity and the uncertainty of current and future threats. The strategic plan outlines the importance of integration and interoperability among government stakeholders to address emerging threats. This demonstrate Brunei D...
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...ing First In The Contemporary Operational Environment. A Monograph. 2012. p 5
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19. UK MoD, United Kingdom Glossary of Joint and Multinational Terms and Definition, (Joint Doctrine Publication 0-01.1, Edition 7, June 2006). p C-8
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21. Army 3 2003) MCRP 5-12A
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/call/call_02-8_ch1.htm
22. US Army Field Mannual 2-01. (Washington DC: Headquarters, Department of the Army 3 2003), p 357
23. United States Army Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca, Intelligence Officer’s Handbook, (Washington DC: Headquarters, Department of the Army, 2004), p 2-1.
...D.INFO. (1993, June 1). US Army Manuals (Field/Training Manuals). Retrieved March 25, 2012, from http://www.enlisted.info/field-manuals/fm-100-5-operations.shtml
Effective planning is impossible without first understanding the problem. Commanders rely on personal observations, experiences, and input from others to develop understanding. They also prioritize information requests and incorporate additional information as those requests are answered. A complete understanding of the problem and environment builds the foundation for the operational process and ...
Zerby, Roy M. Interview by author, 10 April 1995. Mail questionnaire. 12th Armored Division Historical Project, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas.
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The world’s history is majorly shaped by mega wars that happen both inside and outside the boundaries of individual nations. Almost every sovereign state in the world had to forcefully liberate itself from its colonizers and oppressors mainly through warfare. For instance, America had to fight a long and exhausting revolutionary war against the British before it could attain its independence in 1783, likewise is the fate of many other nations. It is important to understand the two distinct types of wars that exist and their implications. Guerrilla warfare and the conventional military warfare are two types of war that are very different in their execution and military approach. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the similarities and differences existing between the American war in Vietnam and the American Revolution (Vetter, 1997).
The battle of Cannae, between the Carthaginian general Hannibal and the larger Roman army under the command of consuls Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Gaius Terentius Varro, in 216 B.C., still serves as one of the most influential tactical battles in history. Two enemy forces were to face off using very different tactics. The Roman Empire had succeeded in amassing a staggering 50,000 or greater number of infantry troops and a disputed 6,000 cavalry troops. The Roman army was to use its vast numbers to subdue the smaller numbered forces of the Carthaginian army using sheer force. Hannibal’s army, though lesser in quality and quantity as compared to the Roman army was a mix of seasoned fighters. Hannibal used the fighting techniques to the Roman army against themselves. Hannibal was able to defeat the much superior army using the ability to maneuver and knowledge of the opposing force. The tactics Hannibal employed at Cannae were the down of the modern strategic army.
In this paper, I will provide a Battle Analysis and outline the events leading up to and surrounding the Battle of 73 Eastings (refers to a north-south grid line). In addition, I will describe how the United States Army’s (USA) 2nd Armored Calvary Regiment (ACR) defeated forces from the Iraqi Republican Guard (IRG) using speed, technology and superior combat power. Although some consider the Battle of 73 Eastings extremely successful, some consider it a failure due to the large amount of Iraqi forces that retreated towards Bagdad. Lastly, I will analyze how each side used their intelligence assets and what they could have used to change the outcome.
(U) Background: Over the course of United States history the Army has made changes to how it engages its foreign enemies. These tactics techniques and procedures are the result of lessons learned during conflict, mistakes made under fire, and the results of a nation at war. As a result the IPB process has changed to accommodate a dynamic and often fluid battlefield. However this has not changed the core concept behind IPB, the four steps still remain an integral part of the Commanders Military Decision Making Process (MDMP), and are essential in war gaming. IPB assist in providing valuable Intelligence to the War Fighter throughout all phases of operations. This paper will cover each step of the IPB Process as well as discuss products associated with each of those steps and how these products can be an asset to the Commander and the War Fighter.
O'Shea, Brandon J. "ARMY.MIL, The Official Homepage of the United States Army." "OPERATION POWER PACK. N.p., 20 Apr. 2010. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.
Web. 23 Apr. 2014. Reading, Gwem. " Radar Operator in WW2." Letter. 8
U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations, Joint Publication 2-01 (Washington, DC: U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, 5 January 2012).pg II-6
Current military leadership should comprehend the nature of war in which they are engaged within a given political frame in order to develop plans that are coherent with the desired political end state. According to Clausewitz, war is an act of politics that forces an enemy to comply with certain conditions or to destroy him through the use of violence. A nation determines its vital interests, which drives national strategy to obtain or protect those interests. A country achieves those goals though the execution of one of the four elements of power, which are diplomatic, informational, military and economical means. The use of military force...
The United States (1988). Army Field Manual 100-1, Washington, DC: Headquarters. Dept.
Department of the Army. (2002) AR 21-10 Military Justice. Washington D.C.: United States Army Publishing Authority.