GLOBAL PRACTICES: TO WHAT EXTENT HAS THE INDIAN “DUKA SYSTEM” INFLUENCED KENYAS DEVELOPMENT.
Kenya displays beautiful modern and traditional architecture. It boasts an array of charmingly designed mosques, temples shrines and monumental buildings from the earlier years, some of which are said to have come as a result of India’s presence in Kenya. This already sets the scene of how strong India’s influence on Kenya was.
The impact of the ‘Indian architecture’ in Kenya is undeniable, following the completion of the Kenyan-Ugandan railway many of the Indian community remained behind to begin a new life in Kenya. They built a lot of monumental structures and came up with innovative concepts that helped the nation’s wide spread development.
This essay will examine the role of the Indian ‘duka’ system and the work of A. M. Jeevanjee, in bringing about economic and social development in Kenya. However, it can also be argued that due to the great influence the Indians had, it took away Kenya’s architectural identity. Resulting in India’s involvement being seen as a hindrance rather than development. BRIEF HISTORY:
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They had strong influence on what information was being transferred to the locals. They were able to alter majority of information being relayed to the locals. Some of which incorporated Indian ideologies. “..Consequently, by the 1960’s, the Asian population of East Africa provided almost a quarter of the entire East African professional and managerial personnel, and about two-fifths of its highly skilled clerical and manual workers...” (Dr Bindeshwar, 2006). This took away the ability of Kenyans to practice or put out new modern ideas and name it their own. Taking away the locals “independence” is a setback in kenya’s development. Therefore, India’s involvement can be seen as a
Stratton, E. (2002). The evolution of Indian stupa architecture in east Asia. New Delhi: Vedams.
Located in the Great Lakes area of East Africa, Kenya is home to an estimated 47 million. The country, covering over 223,000 square miles is bordered by Ethiopia and Sudan to the north, Uganda to the west, Tanzania to the south, and Somalia to the east. The areas around the coast of the Indian Ocean present a tropical climate, while the highlands are more temperate. There is no specific cultural normality with the nation because of such diverse ethnic backgrounds. As much of Kenya is riddled with poverty, her economy is based on labor-intensive industries, such as mining, manufacturing, mining, forestry, and agriculture. The
“The sun never sets on the British Empire,” Great Britain often bragged. By 1914, about 85% of the earth’s surface was colonized by Europe. Between 1884 and 1885, The Berlin Conference took place to carve up the African continent (Background Essay). Europeans saw high potential in Africa and thought the continent was empty, even though it was not. It was roughly “untouched” and they thought they could do anything they wanted (Doc.1). Great Britain’s colonization in Kenya affected the country’s religion and culture, education, and government.
Hunt, Diana, and Gary Wasserman. "Politics of Decolonization: Kenya Europeans and the Land Issue 1960-1965." International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-) 54.1 (1978): 163. Print.
Collet, Michele Scribol: Art and Design. The Incredible Tata Somba Houses of West Africa's Tammari
10. Spear, Thomas Kenya’s Past: An Introduction to Historical Method in Africa Longman Group Limited London 1981
2004 From Mukogodo To Maasai: Ethnicity and Cultural Change in Kenya (Westview Case Studies in Anthropology), Westview Press, pp. 27-35
Ndege, Peter O. "Colonialism and Its Legacies in Kenya." Lecture. Fulbright – Hays Group Project Abroad Program. Web.
Jomo Kenyatta began his journey in the country of Kikuyu. When he was 10 years old he became gravly ill and had to have surgery. It was then that he was brought to the Church of Scotland mission and encountered Europeans for the first time (“Jomo Kenyatta”, Britannica). After being exposed to the Europeans, Kenyatta later ran away from home to become a student of the Church of Scotland mission. During this time, he studied the Bible, English, Math, and worked for a European settler to pay his tution. He later left the mission and moved to Nairobi where he would encounter his first affiliation with an African political protest movement, the East Africa Association (EAA), led by a fellow Kikuyu named Harry Thuku. Kenyatta empathized with the movement because it involved his people, the Kikuyu. One of the main goals of the EAA’s was to regain the land that had been taken by the Euorpeans when Kenya ...
"Kenya: Time for Change." Amnesty Now. Nov. 1997: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 05 Nov 2013.
While Kenya was definitely one of the leaders in the race towards globalization in Africa, their progression forward was plagued with stops and starts that put them at a disadvantage. It was actually not until 1993 that Kenya fully integrated itself into the global market1. As Africa gained full independence from its colonial masters, “the global trading system remained highly inefficient, with advanced economies drawing on their technological edge to enjoy tremendous market powers: monopoly or oligopoly on the supply side, and monopsony or oligopsony on the demand side (Blue Hippo).” Due to the inefficiency of the system it was even more difficult for Kenya to gain ground in the global economy and thus their economy became impaired which in turn negatively impacted the evolution of their labor market.
The paper seeks to understand the political, social and cultural variables that have thrown Kenya into the geo-political limelight insofar as the so-called ‘War on Terrorism’ is concerned. The paper ends by discussing the security and economic implications of Kenya’s foreign policy positions as they relate to the evolving Middle-East conflicts.
Kenya is a country in East Africa on the coast of the Indian Ocean. Nairobi is the largest city and capital. As of 2016, the population was 48.46 million, but by the year 2025, the population should increase by 2.20 percent, making the population 66,959,993 people. Kenya has an increasing birth and death rate. Kenya's currency is called Kenyan shilling. One Kenyan shilling is equal to 0.0099 U.S. dollars. Kenya is known for their crop growth and living creatures.
In the twelve nautical miles of ocean Kenya claims, there are coral reefs and a few small islands. In the rest of the eastern part of Kenya and three fifths of the northern area, it consists of semiarid, bushy hills, plains and low plateaus. Much of this area is bleak and barely inhabited. In the south- western side of Kenya, there are high plateaus and majestic mountains in which most of the inhabit...
With the passage of time, its significance is getting even more realized and recognized, to the extent of considering ‘culture’ as the mainstay of the largest democracy in the world. ‘Incredible India’ campaign has risen to a higher pedestal owing to the importance being given to the cultural symbols of the country. The socio-economic, political, legal, environmental and technological vibes of India are closely knitted to form part and parcel of the nation’s culture- where in lies its strength and indomitable spirit. In the realm of domestic tourism too, the diverse cultural expressions have played a great role. Indian art and architecture are classic representations of aesthetic beauty and time-tested creativity. The backgrounds of artistic productions are unique to India. Several inspirational and influential factors could be attributed to art and architecture of India. Yet, the humility and unclenched commitment to the society, which were the hallmarks of early artists, are depreciating in the 21st century. This is not at all a good sign for the cultural elation and dignity of the nation. On the basis of the pattern and direction of selective cultural adaptation that is taking place in India in the process of globalization of culture, and considering the historical features of its social structure and institutions it could be concluded that the Indian culture, whether local or national has sufficient resilience to succeed in preserving its cultural identity and also workout a successful and creative synthesis between the global and the local, regional and national levels of cultural styles, forms, and