APUSH DBQ 3: Politics and Religion in Colonial America

William Bradford - Pilgrim and first governor of Plymouth who was chosen 30 times.

patroonship - Dutch land in the Hudson River Bay that was granted to promoters who agreed to settle 50 people on them.

predestination - The idea that God has already determined who is going to heaven and to hell

Bible Commonwealth - Political economy such as that in Massachusetts Bay and New Haven where religion dominated. Religious officials had special privileges and laws were based off the Bible.

Quakers - Religious dissenters in England during the mid-1600s. They believed in equality of all people, resisted the military, and refused to support the Church of England with taxes. They had very good relations with the Indians.

Calvinism - Founded by John Calvin. It stressed

predestination, the idea that God has already determined who is going to heaven and to hell. Calvinists stressed the notion of hard work and believed in leading "sanctified lives"

Peter Stuyvesant - Dutch governor of New Netherland who was known as "Father Wooden Leg." He lost New Netherland to the English.
Thomas Hooker - Boston Puritan who founded Hartford, Connecticut.

William Penn - English Quaker who founded Pennsylvania in 1681. Pennsylvania was heavily advertised. He was not well liked due to his friendliness towards James II.

Separatists - A group of dedicated Puritans who vowed to break away entirely from the Church of England. They sailed to New England on the Mayflower, and founded Plymouth.

doctrine of a calling - Belief that saved individuals have a religious obligation to engage in worldly work.

“visible saints” - Someone who has gone through a religious revival. Part of Calvinist beliefs.

conversion - A spiritual enlightenment causing a person to lead a new life.

Great Puritan Migration - Large migration of Puritans from England to North America and the West Indies, especially Barbados, during the 1630s-1640s.

Dominion of New England - Created in 1686 to increase defense against Indians and tie the colonies closer to Britain. It enforced the Navigation Acts. The head of the Dominion was Sir Edmund Andros. It ended in 1688 after the Glorious Revolution removed James II from the throne.

Institutes of the Christian Religion - Written by John Calvin, it outlined the beliefs of

Calvinism.
John Winthrop - First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony that helped it prosper. Winthrop said the Bay Colony should be a "city upon a hill."
“city upon a hill” - Coined by John Winthrop, it meant that Massachusetts should be a beacon to humanity and a model for humankind.

King Philip - Metacom, the son of Wampanoag chieftain Massasoit. He forged an alliance between Indian tribes against the English. He was unsuccessful in King Philip's War.
John Cotton - A Puritan who emigrated to Massachusetts to avoid persecution by the Church of England. He criticized the Church of England, and defended the government's duty to enforce religious rules.