Introduction
My particular area of specialization is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). ABA is the process of systematically applying interventions based upon the principles of learning theory to improve socially significant behaviors to a meaningful degree, and to demonstrate that the interventions employed are responsible for the improvement in behavior (Baer, 1968). Behavior analysis involves the principle of learning theory, in which it uses reinforcement to increase behaviors, generalize learned behaviors or reduce undesirable behaviors. The three assessments I will discuss in this paper are the Behavior Assessment System for Children-3 (BASC-3), Behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF), and Conners 3. I selected these three
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These studies have found that approximately half of younger preschool-age children and two thirds to three quarter of older preschool-age children with behavior problems met criteria for ADHD and/or ODD in the follow-up assessments that ranged from 2 to 10 years later (Harvey, Youngwirth, Thakar, & Errazuriz, 2009). The present study examines the level to which early measures of behavior separate preschool children and behavior problems who later meets criteria for ADHD and/or ODD/CD from those who outgrow their problems (Harvey, Youngwirth, Thakar, & Errazuriz, 2009). Parents of 1,752 three-year old children completed a screening packet including the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC). The criteria’s included were, parent responded yes or possibly, to questions like are you concerned about your child’s activity level, defiance, aggression, or impulse control; and BASC Hyperactivity and/or Aggression subscale T scores were at least 65 (Harvey, Youngwirth, Thakar, & Errazuriz, 2009). This study examined the strength in multiple methods of behavior assessment during the preschool years to predict later diagnoses of ADHD and ODD/CD. Consistent with previous research, approximately half of …show more content…
The measure was conducted on a large, diverse population and demonstrates sound psychometric properties, with internal consistency reliability ranging from .78 to .97 across reporters (Willard, Conklin, Huang, Zhang, & Kahalley, 2016). The Conner 3 is often used in both research and clinical practice with pediatric cancer patients. The questionnaire consists of both content and syndrome subscales, with raw scores transformed to age and gender-normed t scores. (Willard, Conklin, Huang, Zhang, & Kahalley, 2016). Higher scores are pinpointing of more severe problems, with scores between 60 and 69 considered elevated and scores above 70 very elevated. (Willard, Conklin, Huang, Zhang, & Kahalley, 2016). Hyperactivity/impulsivity, learning problems, and aggression were available from three raters; executive functioning and peer relations were available from parents and teachers and were also included in analyses (Willard, Conklin, Huang, Zhang, & Kahalley,
The overall goal of science is to be able to gain an understanding of the phenomena being studied by conducting different scientific investigations that create knowledge that qualifies one or more of the three levels of understanding.
Behavior Modification strategizes to reduce varieties of unwanted or unexpected behavior by utilizing reinforcement and punishment. In hopes to changing a specific behavior, the individual will learn that good behavior will result in good consequences. In a 1:1 setting, Discrete Teaching or DTT is a method part of ABA that involves the use of “three-term contingency” or simply known as antecedent, behavior and consequence. For example, in a 1:1 setting, a teacher asks a student to clap hands (antecedent), the student claps hands (behavior) the teacher gives student a piece of candy (consequence).
There are many challenges and ethical dilemmas that can arise when working in the behavioral field, the present paper reviews different ethical dilemmas that a Behavioral Analyst can encounter when working with clients and how according to the BCBA guidelines these dilemmas can be solved. Legal and socio-cultural aspects have being included in this paper.
There are many things to learn from this article written by Donald Baer, Montrose Wolf, and Todd Risley. It is a very informing article in which you can learn about the current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. The seven dimensions mentioned are: applied, behavioral, analytic, technological, conceptually systematic, effective, and generality.
The core principles of Applied Behavior Analysis were seen in several of this weeks required readings, appearing in all or multiple sources. Their definitions varied in each reading, all providing more clarification upon the previous. The first term, applied, refers to the "commitment to affecting improvements" in the field. (Cooper 16) Baer, Wolf and Risley said that whether or not something is applied is determined "by the interest which society shows in the problems being studied." (Baer 92) Both sets of authors emphasize that importance of the practitioner taking ownership in dictating how important it is to change the designated behavior. Also, the importance the behavior holds in society, because many of them represent the clients
Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2004). BASC-2: Behavior assessment system for children, second edition manual.
Joey 's program will be based in Applied Behavior Analysis which was first introduced in 1913, when John Watson started a movement towards behaviorism with his article “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It” (Miltenberger, 2012). Based on Pavlov 's observations of classical conditioning, Watson suggested that human behavior could also be explained by the same means and that the process of classical conditioning was proper subject matter for psychology. He believed all human behavior were responses to external stimuli and environmental events (Miltenberger, 2012). B. F. Skinner took Watson 's theory of classical conditioning further to include operant conditioning. The highlight of Skinner 's theory is identifying what a behavior achieves through observing the behavior. It is only after the function of behavior is identified that we can alter the consequences to increase the probability of the desired behavior 's occurrence (Miltenberger, 2012). In operant conditioning behavior is changed through the manipulation of contingencies or the use of reinforcement or punishment after the desired or undesired response occurs (Miltenberger, 2012). Skinner was able to prove through his
In my Behavioral Analysis class this semester, we were required to read several research articles detailing various studies conducted within the field of behavior analysis. As this is my major field of interest, I thought it both wise and prudent to share two of the more fascinating studies on my website. Behavior analysis is most commonly associated amongst the general public with rats and a laboratory setting. Pavlov’s conditioning and his dog salivating at the sound of a bell or rats being trained to press levers for food reinforcers most frequently come to mind when asked to give an example of behavior analysis’s capabilities. The field, however, is also extremely capable of creating lasting and effective treatments for people with developmental disorders and addiction.
It is with great pride and enthusiasm that I write to you today to express my intentions towards my future endeavors once graduating from your humble establishment with a degree in applied behavioral analysis. My intentions are to graduate from Saint Joseph 's University with a degree in applied behavioral analysis, then to proceed onto the next step in my career as a behavior specialist councilor, where I can help families through creating concrete goals and plans and models to measure these goals, as well as to ensure that parents are supplied with the resources required and an efficient team to help them.
Applied behavior Analysis (ABA) is the scientific application of set principals of operant behavior that branch off of the behaviorism philosophical approach of behavior. The core principals of Applied Behavior Analysis are to target an individual’s behavior for change that has a real life application for the individual. Moreover, of Applied Behavior Analysis seeks to discover the environmental variables that influence the individual behavior while simultaneously demonstrates a functional relationship between the manipulated environmental behavior and the target behavior.
Springer Publishing Company, New York, NY. Martin, G., & Pear, J. (1999) The 'Secondary' of the 'Second Behavior Modification: What it is and how to do it. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Meichenbaum, D., & Cameron, R. (1974).
McFarlane, J., Groff, J., O’Brien, A. & Watson, K. (2003) Behaviors of children who are
The second grant proposal addressed the environmental effects on preschool children with ADD/ADHD. It has been discovered that children perform differently within the environment. The school, home, and clinical setting is the most known places to observe preschool children with ADD/ADHD. With the help from literature reviews, the proposal study is expected to identify the effectiveness of the children in each environment.
Aggression is a problem that is very common in many children and that if not addressed early enough would continue through adolescence and later on in life. Aggression can be caused by a multitude of factor, which is sometimes considered part of a normal developmental stage; never the less aggression can also be a symptom of a multitude of disruptive behaviors (Barzman & Findling, 2008). It is important that parents learn to deal with this type of behaviors and find ways to effectively modify the child’s misconduct; according to Barzman & Findling (2008) the intricacy of aggression needs to be addressed through complex assessment strategies.
Blackham, G.J., & Silberman, A. (1971). Modification of Child Behaviour. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc.