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Importance of health and wellness
The relationship between physical and psychological health
Importance of health and wellness
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Hemiplegia, a condition in which one-half of a patient's body is paralyzed usually results from stroke or cerebrovascular accident. Individuals affected by hemiplegia have difficulty dealing with frustration, swallowing, walking, forming words, dressing, feeding self and bowel/urine incontinence. Quality of life from the individual’s own perspective is paramount because hemiplegia leads to self denial, self care deficit and need for minimal to total dependence. Therefore the goal of treatment is to help the individual reach his or her fullest potential for independence, functioning and accepting who they are as individuals.
In this paper, I will reflect an interpretation of Mrs. R.’s story using Parse’s ‘theory of human becoming’ as a framework, the relevance of this theory in nursing practice will also be discussed.
Overview of Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming.
The human becoming theory posits quality of life from each person's own perspective as the goal of nursing practice. It is a human science theory that views individuals as an open, unitary and free-willed beings that co-creates their health and interact with their environments. The human becoming theory views nursing as a basic science with a unique knowledge base. Parse defined unitary as the indivisible, unpredictable and ever-changing part of human that makes choices while living a paradoxical pattern of becoming in mutual process with the universe (Parse, 2004). Health is living one’s own chosen values; it is the quality of life experienced and described by the person and it cannot be given, guarded, manipulated, judged or diagnosed. It is a process of becoming that is unfolding and cannot be prescribed or described by societal norms but by the individual living t...
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St. Louis, MS: Mosby
Canadian Nurses Association, (2008). Code of Ethics for Registered nurses (Centennial ed.).
Ottawa: Author
Mitchell, G. J, and Copplestone, C. (1990). Applying Parse’s Theory to Perioperative Nursing: A
Non-traditional Approach. AORN Journal. Vol. 51, 3.
Parse, R. R. (1981). Man living health: A theory of nursing. NY: John Wiley.
Parse, R. R. (1987). Nursing science: Major paradigms, theories, and critiques.
Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
Parse, R.R. (1990). Health: A personal Commitment. Nursing Science Quarterly, 3, 136-140
Parse, R.R. (1995). Illuminations: The human becoming theory in practice and research.
NY: National League for Nursing
Parse, R. R. (2004). The many meaning of unitary: A plea for clarity. Nursing quarterly, 17, 293.
“Apprehension, uncertainty, waiting, expectation, fear of surprise, do a patient more harm than any exertion. Remember he is face to face with his enemy all the time, internally wrestling with him” (Nightingale, 1992, p. 22). Fortunately, in the nineteenth century, Florence Nightingale recognized uncertainty could cause harm to her patients (Nightingale, 1992). Equally important to the nursing profession are the nursing theorists, their work, and the evolution of the theories that followed Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing (Alligood, 2014). One of the many theorists that followed the founder of modern nursing, Florence Nightingale, was Merle Mishel (Alligood, 2014).
These four concepts play a very important role throughout the care in every single patient we are in contact with. The concept of person is used to represent each individual patient, such as a man or a woman (Chitty & Black, 2014). In the nursing profession, we know that every person is different in their own way from many different factors such as, genetics and environment. As a nurse, we incorporate the different factors that make a person who they are today. According to Chitty & Black (2014), the concept of environment includes all the influences or factors that impact the individual. The environment plays an important role in either promoting or interfering with the patient’s health. The environment can consist of many different systems, such as family, cultural, social and community systems. All these different systems can play a role in the patient’s health. The third major concept of the metaparadigm is health. The concept of health varies from person to person and day-to-day with many different factors included (Chitty & Black, 2014). Health includes every part that makes a person whole, which includes being able to perform their everyday tasks in life effectively. The last concept of the metaparadigm is nursing. Nursing, being the final concept includes all the previous concepts of person, environment and health to create a holistic approach (Chitty & Black, 2014). The holistic approach promotes the well-being of the mind, body and spirit in our
Parse, R. R. (1998). Living the art of Human Becoming. In The Human Becoming school of thought: A perspective for nurses and other health professionals (pp. 68-73). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
The concept of person refers to the recipient of nursing care, such that no person is the object of care and no aspect of wellbeing is left out (Arnold & Boggs, 2001; Thorne, Canam, Dahinten, Hall, Henderson, & Kirkham, 1998). This not only includes disease and illness states, but also psychological, social and spiritual dimensions. Therefore, factors such as gender, lifestyle, behaviors, beliefs, values, coping skills, habits, perceptions and lived experiences are considered (Arnold & Boggs, 2011). This holistic and multi-centered approach also extends to families, communities, and populations (Schim et al., 2007). The concept of person is central to nursing theory and research, and is fundamental to the, “Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses,” as outlined by the Canadian Nurses Association (2008). In practice, ‘person’ is used to guide client teaching and nursing interventions (Kozier, Berman, Snyder, Buck, Yiu, & Stamler, 2014).
Watson, J. (1985). Nursing: Human Science and Human. Norwalk; CT: Appleton – Century – Crofts.
Throughout this philosophy paper, I have explored what nursing is based on my personal values and beliefs as it relates to the body of work in nursing. I value the importance of holistic nursing and the care of patients being individualized for them and their family. Also, effectively collaborating among health care professionals to ensure quality care for patients. Additionally, the importance of health promotion as one of the main roles of nurses is being a teacher, since promoting health prevents illness and increases the level of health in clients. These principles will serve as a guide for my personal standards of nursing practice.
Nursing’s development from an occupation to a profession follows the devotion and sacrifice of many amazing women throughout history. Considered to be one of the oldest professions, women have performed what could be considered nursing duties since the beginning of time. Although there have been many events and many individuals who have contributed to nursing’s evolution from the occupation it was once considered to the profession that now exists, the development of formal education opportunities and scholarly resources and the women who created them is what fascinates me most. Without knowing, each of the following five women helped lay the groundwork for what Lucie Kelly, RN, PhD, FAAN, eventually termed the eight characteristics of a profession
The metaparadigm encompasses the major philosophical orientations of a discipline, the models and theories that guide research, and the empirical indicators that operationalize theoretical concepts. The purpose or function of the metaparadigm is to summarize the intellectual and social mission of the nursing discipline and place boundaries on the subject matter of that discipline (McEwen & Wills, 2014). The four metaparadigm of the discipline of nursing are person or client, environment, health, and nursing (Parker, 2001). A person or client is the recipient of nursing care. The environment is the internal or external surroundings that affect the client. Health is the degree of wellness or well-being that the client experiences. The nursing concept refers to the attributes and actions
This interactive grand theory is grounded in humanist philosophy, which expresses the belief that humans are unitary beings and energy fields in constant interaction with the universal energy field. This model guides the nurse who is interested in “physiologic” and “psychological” adoptions (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 177). This model views the nurse as holistic adaptive system constantly interacting with different stimuli. And also explains how different sets of interrelated systems maintain a balance between various stimuli to promote individual and environmental transformation (Alkrisat & Dee, 2014). This model creates a framework to provide care for individuals in health and “in acute, chronic, or terminal illness” (Shah, Abdullah, & Khan, 2015, p. 1834). It focuses on improving basic life processes of individuals, families, groups of people; nurses see communities as holistic adaptive systems. It consists of three basic assumptions: philosophical, scientific, and cultural. And it also contains many defined concepts about the environment, health, person, goal of nursing, adaptation, focal, contextual, and residual stimuli, cognator and regulator subsystem, and stabilizer and innovator control processes (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p.
Mary Stewart defines the domain of person in having” the ability to think and conceptualize, the capacity to interact with others, the need for boundaries, and the use of language” (Masters, 2017 pp. 105). I believe the person is the center of the domains within the conceptual model and that they are the receivers of the care. The second domain being environment is the surrounding in which the person domain resides in. Stewart suggests the importance for nurses to look beyond the person but towards the surroundings (Masters, 2017). Reasons to looking beyond the person are because the environment does many times have an influence on the quality of life; with that being said making a difference in a person’s environment can overall create a different outcome. For example, a homeless man who is sick from a cold from having no shelter. Change the environment of that homeless man with a shelter and he has a better chance of not being sick or cold. The third domain being the health domain is a domain that is totally unique and has a subjective meaning depending on the person. One person might describe their health as not being ill but to another having their chronic diabetes under control. There is no one standard of health baseline because everyone’s perception of health is different; so this concept of health is an individualized focused domain of the person’s state. The last domain nursing, Stewart describes the meaning provided by the American Nursing Association as “the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, preventing illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response” (Masters, 2017, pp.106). I believe this final domain is the basis and foundation of nursing, so it is the nurse’s action towards the plan of care to the patient’s health
The concept of person needs to be explored to go into further depth with the remaining concepts of the metaparadigm of nursing. Person refers to the person undergoing nursing care which includes individuals, families, groups, and communities (MacIntyre & McDonald, 2014, p.63). It is evident that each person may be unique with different biological, psychological, social, and spiritual depth (Thorne, 2010, p.66). Therefore, it is necessary for nurses to realize that each person at the centre of any nursing care will experience different feelings in regards to their body as a whole. The theorist, Parse, defines the concept of person as being “linked to an unfolding process, the relating of value priorities, meaning, and quality of life” (Wu, 2008, p.6). Also those human beings are free and choose in situations that arise from personal experience and becoming with the universe (Thorne, 2010, p.71). The nurses’ role in regards to this theory is to act encourage individuals in their human becoming process. Wu (2008) looks at the p...
“Nursing encompasses an art, a humanistic orientation, a feeling for the value of the individual, and an intuitive sense of ethics, and of the appropriateness of action taken’, said Myrtle Aydelott (Hammarskjold, 2000). Nurses have our patients trust with their lives every day. These patients have needs that must be understood and met, whether; physical, psychological, or emotional. Nurses must provide nonjudgmental care to those in need, regardless of culture, religion, lifestyle choices, financial status, or hues of the human race. To quote Jean Watson, nursing theorist, “I am here to care for others, regardless of where they came from” (Hammarskjold, 2000). I believe that the nursing profession chose me because I have always had a calling to help those in need. Nursing
One of the goals of nursing is to respect the human rights, values and costumes of a patient and his or her family and with the community as a whole. The International Council of Nurses states that nursing practice can be defined generally as a dynamic, caring, helping relationship in which the nurse assists the client to achieve and maintain optimal health. As health care providers, we have some fundamental responsibilities such as to promote health, to prevent illnes...
In order to do that the nurse has to be able to incorporate all aspects of nursing into the care. Whether it is caring for physical, cognitive, mental, social, or cultural problems the nursing science and philosophy should always be implemented in the same manor or basis. It is important to understand that these factors can theoretically continue to impact the development of science, including nursing science (Daiski, 2016). It is essential to incorporate all the central concerns of nursing into the nursing practice to be able to provide the necessary care. Daiski stated that it is demonstrated by the four-metaparadigm concepts, which are human being, health, environment, and nursing. It then contains a philosophy based on social justice, so that we are able to comprehend the complications of the narratives our patients tell us so that we are more prone to holistically understand their journeys (Daiski,
The Scope of Nursing Practice describes the “who,” “what,” “where,” “when,” “why,” and “how” of nursing practice. Each of these questions must be answered to provide a complete picture of the dynamic and complex practice of nursing and its evolving boundaries and membership. (ANA, 2010). Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering