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How media represents women and men
How the media presents gender
How media represents women and men
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Kajasmine Copeland
Mrs. Thomas
English – 132
26 April 2017
Annotated Bibliography: Media Representation Research
Thesis: The media should be able to express everyone's uniqueness in order for the people to learn how to be leaders instead of followers.
Llopis, Glenn. "7 Ways To Value Yourself Beyond Social Media." Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 11 Mar. 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2017.
Llopis outlines how people value others off perception than reality. He talks about how people appreciate their perception life than the real one. He describes why people don’t use it the right way. Lastly, he gives examples of how people can learn to value their self-more.
Glenn Llopis is a chairman of the Glenn Llopis Group, also known as GLG. Earning serendipity is his best-selling book. He has been recognized as the top 20
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influential writers at Forbes. His work has contributed to Forbes, Huffington Post, and Harvard Business Review. His article “7 Ways to Value Yourself Beyond Social Media” was published in Forbes in 2013 and found in the Forbes Magazine database. Llopis’s article would beneficial to my thesis by showing how people in the media can be fraud to what they really are. I can analyze the highlights of being able value self beyond social media The seven ways given are good examples I can use to show people how to value their self and become leaders. Moran, Gwen. "5 Ways Being A Good Follower Makes You A Better Leader." Fast Company. Fast Company, 29 Apr. 2014. Web. 29 Apr. 2017. Moran evaluates different ways people can be good followers, and good followers can be good leaders one day. He displays how you have to crawl before you walk, but in order to do that, you need a good influence or supporter. It also provides different examples on what you need to do to be a good follower. Gwen Moran is a leadership and management blogger for Entrepreneur.com. The author has her own website and many others love her work. She has developed and written content programs for major international organizations. She is also a writer and author specializing in business and finance. She has been nominated in being an accomplished humor writer. Her article “5 Ways Being a Good Follower Makes You A Better Leader” was published in The Fast Company in 2014 and founded in Fast Company database. Moran’s article would be useful to support my thesis by showing people that it's okay to be a good follower if you have a good leader. She points out the ways available to help a person be a good follower. I could also use her examples on showing people how they can be good followers of good things. Fagan, Deirdre. "'A Time to Talk'." Critical Companion to Robert Frost: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Bloom's Literature, Facts On File, Inc. Fagan article is explaining the personality of the poet. The poet seems to be very sentimental ad can make time for talks and slow meaningful walks. He shows how the poet cherishes every moment of life, providing examples how and why. The journal is basically explaining the importance of life and time. Deirdre Fagan is credible in her work that is featured in Bloom's Literature. The website is trusted by teachers and critics. Her educated journal “A Time to Talk” was published in the Critical Companion to Robert Frost: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work in 2007 and found in Blooms Literature database. Fagan’s document would benefit to my work by showing that life is meaningful and people should do what make them happy and comfortable. Also how cherishing every moment can be worth it in the long run. The life of the poet is a healthy advice to those who really don’t understand the meaning of life. Weiss, W.H. "Insight: essential skill for managerial success." Supervision Oct. 2000: 3. General OneFile. Web. 29 Apr. 2017. Weiss’s work, intricate the proposition of insight, along with providing examples. The article starts out with the development, how it affects the people, the process of it, and then shows it plays a major role in people's life. W.H. Weiss article Insight: essential skills for managerial success, was published in Supervision in Oct. 2000 and found in the General OneFile database. Weiss’s paragraphs “Understanding the Uniqueness of People” would be functional to my thesis by giving ways how being unique can get you far. It will show how once people are able to understand and accept their uniqueness, they can go far in their own way. This could help my argument about being leaders because it highlights the importance of a person’s uniqueness. Robinson, Laura M. "Girlness and guyness: gender trouble in young adult literature." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 1.1 (2009): 203+. General OneFile. Web. 29 Apr. 2017. Robinson article is about the stereotypes of “gayness” and “girlness.” She gives different insights on both sides, providing examples and sources from books she has read. She gives her own opinion and a speech to the guys and girls on how they should handle these type of situations. Laura M. Robison is a professor at the Memorial University of Newfoundland. She has contributed articles and chapters of several collections. She has published articles about Canadian children's literature, women writers and the L-Word. Her journal entry “Girlness and guyness: gender trouble in young adult literature” was published in Jeunesse; Young People, Texts, Cultures in 2009 and found in the General OneFile database. Robinson’s journal entry could ease my thesis by showing stereotypes of how the representation of society forces people to be a certain way. I can contrast this into showing how being this way will only put you in a deeper hole. Sternberg, Jason. "Young, dumb and full of lies: the news media's construction of youth culture." Australian Screen Education, no. 37, 2004, p. 34+. General OneFile, Accessed 23 Apr. 2017. Sternberg article is about the downfall of youth in today’s world. He explains how they only do what they see others do. He then further his arguments by showing as time goes on, it starts getting hard for there to be good role models for the youth. Nobody takes things seriously nowadays, so the youth sees life as a joke. The lack of control of the youth make things harder for others. Jason Sternberg is a lecturer in Media Communication. He is also a researcher with CIF. He is a co-editor with two other people. His journal entry “Young, dumb and full of lies: the news media’s construction of youth culture” was published in Australian Screen Education in 2004 and found in General OneFile database. Sternberg’s journal entry would benefit my thesis because it shows how influence is a great thing for people, and without it there will be a downfall. It shows how the media is manipulating the young in the wrong way. I can use this to elaborate on how the representation of media needs to change so people aren’t tempted to do the wrong thing due to selective features. Madera, Peggy. "Following and Leading." Re:view, Summer 2000, p. 51. General OneFile, Accessed 24 Apr. 2017. Madera talks about how she observed these kids playing a Follow the Leader game. Each person gets a turn to be a leader and others follow them. She notices how the new leader only follower what the previous one did and a little bit of their own ideas to it. She then shows how good leaders can make better follower. Peggy Madera graduated at University of Illinois at Chicago with a bachelor's degree. She was a special education teacher. Her article “Following and Leading” was published in Review in 2000 and found in General OneFile database. Madera’s journal entry could support my thesis by showing how moves are repetitive and if a person can’t be different then there won’t be much progress. Many children are followers to what’s given or shown to them. It shows how it's good to take ideas from others, but even better to reevaluate them into something unique. Polson, Erika. "Media representation and the global imagination." International journal of communication [Online], 2013, p. 2182+. Academic OneFile, Accessed 24 Apr. 2017 Polson article shows how media representation and global imagination has a big effect on how people see others and themselves. She then highlights the chapters of a sources she included and a sum up a summary of them all. Erika Polson got her PhD at Pennsylvania State University. She broadly focuses on social-cultural change. Her publications appear in work such as New Media and Society; Media, Culture, and Society; International Journal of Communication; European Journal of Cultural Studies; and Communication, Culture & Critique. Her article “Media Representation and the global imagination” were published in the International journal of communication in 2013, and found in Academic OneFile database. Polson journal entry would go nicely with my thesis because it summarizes up what I’m trying to say. She provides a book that has many examples on how media presentations affects the people of the society. These many examples would be beneficial to supporting my argument on why the representation of media needs to be changed. Firminger, K.
B. "Is He Boyfriend Material? Representation Of Males In Teenage Girls' Magazines." Men & Masculinities 8.3 (2006): 298-308. Communication Abstracts. Web. 29 April. 2017.
Firminger examines the ways these magazines represent young males and females. She reveals that these magazines talks about the physical appearance of young girls but also their sexuality, emotions, and love life. The author informs how the advice given by the magazines is negative. The author also argues that these magazines focus more on their social life than how their academic performance
Kristen Firminger has a PhD at City University of New York Graduate Center. The author also is a researcher at The American Institutes for Research in North Carolina. Firminger is an expert in organizing, conducting, analyzing, and reporting results for in many types of interviews and focus groups. She has an experience of working with many research organizations on how to successfully manage a research interview. Her article “Is He Boyfriend Material? Representation of Males in Teenage Girls’ Magazines” was published in Men and Masculinities in 2006 and found in Communication Abstracts
database. The article would go well with my work because it covers up an important aspect of teen culture. It shows how the representation of media can really shape the female mind, and even the male mind on how they should think, feel, or do. They manipulate the teen mind to thinking that this is the only way they should be or expect. "Social Networking ProCon.org." Are social networking sites good for our society? N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2017. ProCon.org displays the pros and cons of social media. It gives good points on both sides. The cons end up outweighing the Pros. The article “Top Pro and Con Arguments” was published in Procon.org and last updated on April 2017, also found on “Are social networking sites good for our society?” in Top Pro and Con Arguments database. This article goes well with media representations because it also shows the good and bad of social media on society. The cons will highly support my argument about the overall effect it has on the community and how it needs to be fixed to where everyone has a good validity of others and their self.
In this book therapist Mary Pipher writes about her experiences at work with adolescent girls. It is intended to make the reader aware of the perils of being a teenager in today's sexualized and media-saturated culture. She talks about how this new and more hostile environment affects adolescent girls' emotional growth and development, and how hard it is to stay true to yourself while trying to fit in with peers. For the most part this book is Dr. Pipher's attempt to reach out to adolescents, as well as their parents and teachers, and tell them that this "problem without a name" is not a death sentence but rather a journey to adulthood, and tells adults how to help these impressionable young girls through what might be the most trying period of their lives.
The graphic novel “This One Summer” by Mariko Tamaki displays a relevant modern-day manner of teenage conversations, dilemma, and emotions in the 21st century. The novel did an accurate illustration in presenting the modern-day concern, curiosity and interest of children and teenagers as one example on page 22, when Windy asked Rose “do you have a boyfriend?” it displays the curiosity of a child in their relative/friends love affair, which most teenagers are mainly concern of nowadays. Body image also takes part on the graphic novel as Windy and Rose talks about the size of their breast on page 35, and comparing it to other people as Windy shares the story “this girl in my dance class is ten and she’s like a D cup. Maybe a G.” The novel illustrates some of the concerns a modern teenager might have, which can be relatable to most young teenage readers as they share the same concern or discussions they have with their friends. The dialogues and conversations that is shown in the book are very vulgar as one example on page 39-40 when the Dud’s friend and the adolescent girls exchanges the words “sluts and assholes”. Which later was adapted by the young teenagers in their vocabulary as
Draper’s (2010) research regarding gayness to establish differences between models of straight masculinity in the magazine industry was extensive. He began his research by analyzing Details’ issues from September 1990 to September 2008 that had to do with gay men references. He then created a timeline that determined the gay moments that occurred and also analyzed the way editors at Details talked to and about their audience. These were his methods of data collection and he used Butler’s theory, “that gender is performative, socially regulated, and discursively constructed,” and “Carrigan, Connell, and Lee’s assertion that multiple masculinities exist that get contained and reframed by hegemonic masculinity.” (Draper, 2010, p. 360) Along with these methods, he also analyzed editors’ letters in each issue relating to sexual identity and gender and examined interviews the editors gave to the press and newspapers.
Pascoe’s next major study was an eighteen-month research project, which produced the book Dude,You’re a Fag. The book is an ethnography the daily lives of teenage boys in a present day public high school. She finds that masculinity in teenage boys is defined by dominance and control. More so she talks about what she calls “fag discourse”, boys call each other hurtful names to further create domina...
How the Representations of Women Differ in Men's Magazines Compared to Women's Magazines Hypothesis; Due to the changing roles of women, the media should reflect this in their representations. My intention is to find if there is a difference in the way women are portrayed in men’s magazines and women’s magazines. I would expect that men’s magazines would be more stereotypical of women (sex objects, domestic, vulnerable) whereas woman’s magazines would be more feminist (women power, independence). My first concept is Angela McRobbie’s pluralist idea of target audience demands (advertisement attraction due to audience demands).
...ce in society. And the effects of the ideals behind these magazines are all the more powerful because of their subtlety." Women walk away from these magazines with an empty feeling and feelings of many inadequacies and they really don't know exactly why. The subtle undermining of women's intelligence and cause strips away their sense of worth ever so slowly and leaves them feeling depressed and in search of something that really can't exist together. Growing old while staying young takes many years of complete and internal happiness not many years of collagen injections and the added stress of having to stay unattainably perfect. While some consider these journalists for women's magazines talented writers, I consider them horrendous displays of talent in which they sell out the naturally beautiful women of the world for a quick buck and a popular magazine.
Askar, Jamshid G. "Social Media's Impact on Teen Romance, Sexism Generates Controversy." DeseretNews.com. Desert News, 1 Oct. 2013. Web. 24 Nov. 2013.
In Airbrushed Nation, Nelson (2012) shines a light on the differences between how men and women are viewed by the majority of the magazine industries. With regards to the media’s influence on its readers, although magazines have their quirks in modern society, critics say that the media, including magazines been negatively influencing many individuals, majority being females, with their excessively photoshopped models, false advertising and articles, and controversial ideals for years on end. Furthermore, the sole purpose of providing false standards and content with magazines is to ultimately bring sales up in order to keep the magazine industries
Pascoe’s book Dude You’re a Fag: Masculinity and Sexuality in High School “won the American Educational Research Association’s 2007 Book of the Year Award as well as an honorable mention for the American Sociological Association 's Section on Sex and Gender’s Distinguished Book Award” (cjpascoe.org). Along with writing an award winning book, Pascoe has a Ph.D. in sociology and “is a professor of sociology at the University of Oregon, who writes and teaches about youth culture, media, and sexuality” (Greene and Lidinsky 570). She is extremely qualified to write on this topic, and her opinions carry more weight due to how much education she has in this field. Also her “research has been featured in the New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Toronto Globe and Mail, American Sexuality Magazine and Inside Higher Ed. She has appeared in the Frontline documentary Growing Up Online as well as on National Public Radio’s All Things Considered” (cjpascoe.org). Her list of incredible accolades is a testament to her credibility as an author. Also the way that she presents and supports her arguments make her an extremely credible source of information. She uses an experiment and conducts interviews to get actual proof to support her own ideas. In her article she clearly lays out what she is trying to accomplish, and also explains specifically how she went about accomplishing her goal. An authors credibility would be extremely important to consider when deciding whether to keep or get rid of articles in the next edition of the textbook, and C.J. Pascoe is an extremely credible and accomplished author which is why this article should be
Hence, the power of media has touched its apex in today’s age. Its societal, political and economic functions reflect its unparallel capacity to affect the human life in all spheres.
Stereotypes is a big issue within the media industry. Representation within the media is to show someone or something, using a process of depicting, descripting and symbolization. Stereotypes, as described by Stuart Hall, is the “production of the meaning of the concepts in our minds through language which enables us to refer to either the ‘real’ world of objects, people or events, or indeed to imaginary worlds of fictional objects, people and events”. In his research Hall has suggested that there is two systems of representation, the first system regarding direct associations of events, people and objects that have certain mental representations and concepts that people have in their minds. Meaning is therefore
There is great emphasis placed on the body and appearance in American culture. As a result, many studies have been conducted to study the effects of the media on individuals of both genders. From personal experience, the media has the greatest impact on adolescents and college students as these are the prime years where individuals from both genders are situating with society’s expectations. One of the many ways which individuals keep up with the latest trends is by consuming high amounts of media, such as reading fashion magazines or watching television shows. Today, both men and women are faced with unrealistic expectations every time they open a fashion magazine. Our society has been promoting an unrealistic image of beauty which is practically impossible for the majority of the population to achieve. However, the reality is that most magazines airbrush the pictures in order to “perfect” their models. Unfortunately, this unattainable body image has been contributing to low self-esteem, a negative body image, as well as the development of destructive eating disorders in both genders. According to Bell and Dittmar (2011), this negative body image is a result of environmental pressures to conform to a culturally-defined body and beauty ideal. This research will focus on the effects of a specific media type, magazines related to fashion, celebrity news, and lifestyle, on both females and males. We will measure the amount of exposure individuals have to the thin ideal image as well as the degree of their bodily satisfaction.
Media and communications are a central element of today’s society, yet the thought that media has little to no effect on gender and sexuality shapes how each individual views their own self-identity. Over the years we have witnessed the launch of social media sites, music sites such as YouTube, new genres of music, and other forms of media, that all contribute to the outlook of gender roles and stereotypes. The media contains countless standards based on how the genders should act, look, and feel, that is seems almost ordinary to satisfy these stereotypical demands of society. For example, Meghan Trainor’s “Dear Future Husband,” is a catchy song with a 50’s themed video that portrays standards of a feminine woman spoiled by strong, caring and masculine men. Now, it is unusual to catch the issues between the lyrics and video at first glance, but, the controversy shared between the two are quite focused on gender roles, stereotypes, and
Knobloch-Westerwick, Silvia, and Gregory J. Hoplamazian. “Gendering the Self: Selective Magazine Reading and Reinforcement of Gender Conformity.” Communication Research 39, no. 3 (June 2012): 358–384. doi:10.1177/0093650211425040.
We see a lot of media wherever we go, in the form of advertisements, shows, movies, magazines, etc. However there is a lack representation for minorities, people of color, and those who are not considered “ normal” in society. In our current world where nearly everyone looks at the media, people also need to be able to see those that are different to them and similar to them. Representation doesn’t mean just putting someone that is not male or white on screen, it is allowing someone who doesn't see themselves portrayed in the proper light, allowing them to see someone who is strong, powerful, capable, and like them. Which is why there should be proper representation for those who are underrepresented.