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Process of knowledge acquisition
3 components of metacognition
3 components of metacognition
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Hayfaa Khoudari
Student ID: M00556107
Item 1: Annotated Bibliography
Date accessed: 25 September, 2015
1. Growing Your Mind - https://www.khanacademy.org/youcanlearnanything
In this video it talks about how our intelligence can be changed and explains that the way to grow it is to do things that we struggle with. Researchers have taught us that our brains grow the most when we challenge our brains by struggling with something because it would then come back stronger. It compares our brains with muscles and tells us that the way to grow our brain is not to focus on things that are easy for us to do but to focus on the things that we struggle with. Research shows that our brains grow the most when we get a question wrong then review
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The key to becoming successful is our ability to teach ourselves to learn how to learn about a subject. While attending an educational facility to learn is good and can be important it is not the best method to acquiring our knowledge since we can always gain the knowledge ourselves rather than taking it from someone else. When you teach yourself something you are giving yourself the ability to do anything you want so once you have taught yourself something you are able to teach it to others what you have learnt.
2 - Learning to Learn - http://simpleprogrammer.com/2012/09/23/learning-to-learn
Learning to learn is important because while learning in a educational facility is good it can prove to not be very efficient. The process of learning is completely up to the individual and will only work if the student takes responsibility for their own learning. Each individual has their own style of learning and it is important for them to learn the many other learning styles they can have. Because education is so important and it can be expensive and a waste of time acquiring it we must learn how to learn by teaching ourselves what we need to know before being able to teach it to others.
3 - How to do it -
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Metacognition is referred to as 'learning about learning' or as 'knowing how you learn'. The DfES Thinking Skills glossary helpfully defines metacognition as strategies to take on such as "The process of planning, assessing, and monitoring one's own thinking" and "thinking about thinking in order to develop understanding or self-regulation”.
Some of the metacognitive strategies are that learners become aware that their cognition - their ability to comprehend something - has failed them, for example, not being able to understand some textual information or a mathematical formula, and that they have work to do to make sense of it. The metacognitive act, then, would be interpreted as the learner's realisation, firstly, that there are limitations on their knowledge to complete a task, and, secondly, that they possess strategies for rectifying that situation.
Metacognition could be a helpful learning tool to a person if the person has a positive approach to learning. If they have a negative approach to learning then they would not find metacognition a helpful learning
Both were given a workshop with skills on how to study, but one was also given lessons on what a growth mindset was and how to develop one. The group given the lessons on growth mindset was extremely fascinated by the thought that they could control how much knowledge they were capable of learning. Overall, the growth mindset group excelled while the control group continued to not do so well. After receiving these results, Dweck was so inspired that she developed a growth mindset computer program called “Brainology,” that would be available to students all around the world. Dweck concluded that it’s extremely important to teach students that it takes hard work to achieve
In The article “Brainology” “Carol S Dweck, a professor of psychology at Stanford University, differentiates between having a fixed and growth mindset in addition how these mindsets have a deep effect on a student’s desire to learn. Individuals who have a fixed mindset believe they are smart without putting in effort and are afraid of obstacles, lack motivation, and their focus is to appear smart.. In contrast, students with a growth mindset learn by facing obstacles and are motivated to learn. Dwecks argues that students should develop a growth mindset.
This is done through the use of a study. The research done monitored the mind-sets of several hundred students and the grades that they accomplished over time. Through this they realized that those who believed that intelligence is a skill individuals develop over time were the students who were improving in the class. To ensure that this was indeed the case they eliminated any doubt by teaching some students that intelligence is not static and proceeded to monitor their progress and discovered that their marks began to improve. This study examines the difference between using both mind-sets instead of just focusing on one and explaining why it does not work, therefore, developing the clarity needed to see the benefits of the growth mind-set. Moreover, this article not only mentions that the growth mind-set needs to be taught by teachers and learned by students, but it mentions a way in which this can easily done through the Brainology website. This is a great method especially with the increase of technology being used in the classroom. As it is has been stated, the strengths of this article are providing a study to prove the growth mind-set is beneficial and by providing means to implement the mind-set in the
In Carol Dweck’s “Brainology” the article explains how our brain is always being altered by our experiences and knowledge during our lifespan. For this Dweck conducted a research in what students believe about their own brain and their thoughts in their intelligence. They were questioned, if intelligence was something fixed or if it could grow and change; and how this affected their motivation, learning, and academic achievements. The response to it came with different points of views, beliefs, or mindset in which created different behavior and learning tendencies. These two mindsets are call fixed and growth mindsets. In a fixed mindset, the individual believes that intelligence is something already obtain and that is it. They worry if they
Metacognition can be complex; however, it is essential to teach at an elementary level because it’s an intellectual habit that can be obtain by the teacher’s method of teaching and the student’s consciousness of learning. Thinking about thinking is necessary in elementary level because of the awareness of the student’s thinking process. The teacher must be conscious of the different aspects of learning of each student and be able to work with them with different strategies that are the best to make their learning process more effective and interesting.
How Smart Can We Get? discussed how the human brain’s physical structure can change due to the demands that are placed on it, how Savants are able to do amazing things with little time or effort, and how our emotion can get the best of us when we need a clear head the most. It was undoubtedly fascinating to watch. I can only hope the information I gained from this exercise has made my brain a little smarter.
Learning is a process that individuals face every day, whether it is in classroom, at work, or surfing the Internet, but each person has a particular style in which they prefer to accomplish this learning. An individual’s learning style is the manner in which that person finds learning to be the easiest for them, and while many individuals have a primary style, everyone uses all the learning styles in various combinations throughout their day and life.
Learning is defined as a permanent change in attitude or behaviour that occurs as a result of repeated experience (Sims & Sims, 1995). Understanding one’s learning style has many advantages as it can help one to identify the learning method or activities that can help to optimise the learning experience. It has been suggested that the importance of one’s learning style has been identified through studies and research on how one can maximise the potential for success and further learning development (Honey & Mumford, 2006). Learning styles are unique to each individual and are developed in childhood (Chase, 2001). We all have different personalities; therefore we all have preferred learning styles that suit us best. The way one learns depends on preference. Some learn by observing, listening and imitating others and draw conclusions from their experience. There are several factors that affect our learning style; for example, background, culture, religion and environment can have a major influence on one’s learning.
Metacognitive CQ refers to the mental process in which an individual would use when obtaining and understanding things in relation to cultures. Those with high metacognitive CQ are quick to challenge cultural norms and assumptions that are associated with certain cultures.
After reading the article “You Can Grow Your Brain” which was research showing the brain is like any muscle it gets stronger the more you use it and various studies proving the thesis, the time I grew my brain was wanting to be better the game Mortal Kombat by practice and studying of the moves. In my younger day I always wanted to be good a the video game Mortal Kombat but I always felt like I was below average but by practice and trying new strategies and hours of correct practice i became a champion.
In order to be an effective teacher there needs to be an understanding that we all learn differently, this means that no single teaching strategy is effective for all students/learners all the time. This makes teaching a complex process because you need to understand and meet the requirements of all of your learners. Students learn best when they aren’t asked to simply memorise information but when they form their own understandings of what is being taught. When a student has successfully learnt a new idea they are able to then intergrate this information with their previously learnt information and make sense of it. To be an effective teacher you need to work jointly with students to asses where they are at, be able to give feedback on how the student is going and ensure that they are understanding the lesson (Killen, 2013) According to Lovat and Smith (2003) students learning must result in a change in a student’s understanding of the information being taught. In order to show understanding they must be able to share this information with others and want to learn more (Killen, 2013). In order to have a deeper understanding of what is being taught they need to be aware of the relationship that exists between what they knew previously and the new information that is being learned (Killen, 2013).. Students need to be given goals that they can achieve in order to feel a sense of mastery over their own learning, this gives students motivation that they are able to complete tasks and to keep going.
For example, a teacher could perfectly pass on the necessary knowledge to a student to pass a test and advance to the next level or class. But if that same teacher could nurture critical thinking skills to that same student, she would be giving his a true education that he will carry forever. Memorizing facts is a great skill, don’t get the wrong idea, but this skill has a limit to short-term time spans if the knowledge is not used constantly. With critical thinking this is not the case. An individual will be able to assess the validity of the information provide or that he has gathered and apply this information to solve any problem given. This will allow you to process information and take more logical decision. “A person with critical thinking skills is capable of upgrading his own knowledge and can easily engage in independent self-learning. He can find connections between diverse streams and pieces of knowledge and can assess the value of the information he acquires.” 1 This tells us that an individual with critical thinking skills is capable of judging to a certain extend what fragments of information he needs without being distracted by whatever information he will not find useful. With critical thinking, an individual and improve himself time and time
Critical thinking a strong and powerful way to use the brain, it is used by millions everyday some without knowledge that they are even using it. Critical thinking according to Diane Halpern as " The use of those cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome...thinking that is purposeful, reasoned and goal directed - the kind of thinking involved in solving problems, formulating inferences, calculating likelihoods, and making decisions when the thinker is using skills that are thoughtful and effective for the particular context and type of thinking task. Critical thinking is sometimes called directed thinking because it focuses on a desired outcome." Halpern (1996).
Thought out our lives, we are faced with many different learning experiences. Some of these experiences have made a better impact than others. This can be attributed to everyone’s different multiple intelligences or learning styles. A persons learning style is the method though which they gain information about their environment. As a teacher, it is our responsibility to know these styles, so we can reach each of our students and use all of the necessary methods.
Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Learning and