Ancient Egypt: The New Kingdom

In 3500 B.C.E the Egyptian kingdoms started to spread and take over other small kingdoms. Later on, after 3100 B.C.E, they decided to come up with a person named Menes who is the universal conqueror of Egypt. It is said that he founded Memphis at the junction of upper and lower Egypt(or modern Cairo)

Menes is essentially a fable that the Egyptians created after they conquered much of the area around the nile river. He is highly based of of the ruler named Narmer. Menes authority started in southern Egypt but spread to lower Egypt as he rose to power. He is also said to have founded Memphis, which was also the capital and eventually the cultural and political center of Egypt. Menes was the man who unified Egypt.

The Old Kingdom (2660-2160

These architectural monuments are actually the tombs of the royals. The construction required to build these structures involved several thousand laborers working on it eighty days per year. With such prosperous agriculture, many regions of Egypt were prosperous and powerful enough to break away from the pharaohs and pursue their own interests. Pharaoh authority returned with the establishment of the Middle Kingdom.

The New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C.E) was founded after the Egyptians pushed the Hyksos out of their land. They retook the Nile delta and Memphis.

This New Kingdom was a very prosperous and powerful one. The agricultural surplus supported a population of four million people. This kingdom had a very prosperous society. They also had an elaborate bureaucracy. After the New Kingdom , egypt was in a period of political and military decline. The pharaohs of the new Kingdom spread egyptian authority to try and squash possible threats. By doing this they spread their culture and Ideas beyond the Nile valley and the delta.

Nubia is the land between the first and second cataracts of the Nile. It was also controlled by Egypt from 3000-2400 B.C.E In 2500 B.C.E they established the kingdom of

The base form of the script was used in Egypt but ideas and pieces are sprinkled about in places like Nubia.

Hieratic Script was a more simplified version of Hieroglyphics. Egyptians used them in more simpler ways. For instance, when inscribing stories on tombs they used Hieroglyphics, but for writing on paper and such they used the Hieratic script. The preserved writings in Hieratic script helps inform us more of how they went about their everyday life rather than the story of their life and their families. It also had influence in other Kingdoms during that time.

In 3200 B.C.E Hieroglyphics first appeared. The Egyptians created this symbolic writing because of the Mesopotamian influence of cuneiform. Hieroglyphics were extensively used in Egypt during 2600-600 B.C.E.

Hieroglyphics were the ancient symbolic writing of the Egyptians. They developed this form of writing from mesopotamia cuneiform. They inscribed their stories in this writing on tomb walls. These writings stories were preserved through time and therefore we know more about the lives of the ancient egyptians than we could have without