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Conclusion of Erikson's psychosocial theory
Child development theory reseach
Childrens development in influenced by external factors
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Ecological system theory: Children exist in several systems, The Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Microsystem, and the Chronosystem, all in which are nested within a child’s life. Two of these systems play a significance role in a child’s live and each affects a child development. The system closest to the child such as family, school, and community, called Microsystem has the direct effect. On the other hand, those outside of the child’s circle, Such as agencies & organization such as social services f health service, recreational facilities type of government parent workspace, called ecosystems has an indirect effect on the child development. This Ecological system theory concept that a child immediate environment has a direct influence …show more content…
He places much of his attention on the Zone of Proximal Development, scaffolding, and adult-child dialogue. He felt that the Zone of proximal development is the space in which learning and development take place. Scaffolding, on the other hand, is a technique used to enhance learning. Adult child’s dialogue is a strategy based on Vygotsky’s theory used to talk about tasks that the child can accomplish with an adult’s help. The teacher can use this theory to match the child’ level of ability. Erik Erikson: Erikson proposed eight stages of psychosocial development, each presenting humans with a psychosocial crisis. This social environment challenges different ages and resolves in either a positive or a negative way. Furthermore, Erikson theory guides relationship of adult and children. The teacher is able to form a good relationship with young children, based on the developmentally appropriate practice. Abraham Maslow: Maslow describes the hierarchy of human needs using a pyramid. Human needs are expressed based on the level of a hierarch. The basic needs must be met before we can attempt to move to another level of needs. Teachers are able to meet the human needs of their student using a
The environmental influences must be considered in order to understand the behavioral of a child. Urie Bronfenbrenner was a famous Russian American psychologist who formulated the Ecological Model Systems in 1979. He believed that as a child grow and mature, the way he/she interact with the environment become more complex. The Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model Systems defines how external environments and individuals affect the development of a child. It is made up of four systems that greatly influence the development of a child. The four systems are microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. My parents divorced when I was 3 years old and I grew up in a broken family. My microsystem includes immediate relationship I interact with,
The ecological theory would allow for a more in depth look at the individual as well as the environment and the discrepancy between the two (Rogers, 2010) . The difficulties that arise within part 1, will permit myself as a social worker to look closely at how these environmental problems effect the outcome of the individual and family as a whole. It is apparent that there are a lot of arguments among the family within part 1, therefore through the ecological theory we can look at how these arguments factor into how Brenda may be behaving within her everyday life. If Brenda is living within a fraught environment, it may be affecting her development in a negative way As a result, it would serve for Brenda to also look at how she may perceive the family matters that have happened within the bounds of her environment. For example, Brenda witnesses her Mother struggle with problems that seem to be mental health related issues, but these matters may be directly affecting Brenda’s development even if she it isn't obvious at the moment. If the family sincerely believes it is the devil coming in and affecting their Mother’s behavior, rather than mental illness, their perception may be contradicting. This would be contradicting because it allow for the family to defend their mothers actions in comparison to recognizing their Mother is struggling with possible mental
In conclusion it can be seen from looking at physical development and language development that genes and the environment operate together to influence development. In relation to child development the gene-environment perspective is not the only one to be considered. Gene only perspectives, Environment only perspectives and the Transactional model which sees the child as actively shaping its own development all play important roles and help us to understand the process of child development.
In 1954 an American psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed that all people are motivated to fulfill a hierarchical pyramid of needs. At the bottom of Maslow's pyramid are needs essential to survival, such as the needs for food, water, and sleep. The need for safety follows these physiological needs. According to Maslow, higher-level needs become important to us only after our more basic needs are satisfied. These higher needs include the need for love and 'belongingness', the need for esteem, and the need for self-actualization (In Maslow's theory, a state in which people realize their greatest potential) (All information by means of Encarta Online Encyclopedia).
Erikson believed that people develop in psychosocial stages. He emphasized developmental change throughout the human life span. In Erikson's theory, eight stages of development result as we go through the life span. Each stage consists of a crisis that must be faced. According to Erikson, this crisis is not a catastrophe but a turning point. The more an individual resolves the crises successfully, the healthier development will be.
Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory “looks at children’s development within the context of the systems of relationships that form their environment.” (MORRISON, 2009) This theory describes multifaceted tiers within the environment, where each layer has a specific influence upon a child’s development.
Ecological theory is a theory developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner that states that the “systems” around you are vitally important in human development. Within the theory there are many systems including the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Each system is defined by a different aspect of a person’s surroundings that would affect their development. The systems begin with the aspect that is closest to you, your day-to-day life. The Microsystem includes all of the places, people, and experiences that are found in your daily life. These include school, work, parents. friends, neighbors, and so forth. The next most impactful system is the exosystem. The mesosystem is defined by two entities within your microsysytem affecting each other. The next system is called the exosystem. The exosystem is full of things that don’t affect you directly but will eventually
Social ecological perspectives are often described as a web of relationships (k218, Learning guide 3, 3.1). They make us aware that each individual has many defining factors making up who they are. Social ecological perspectives have the child/young person at the centre and show how they are connected to the family, community and society as a whole. They demonstrate the layers that go into making the individual and show that everybody has a unique set of circumstances that affect the person they are, their achievements, social standing and even their health. Social ecological perspectives give us the opportunity to quantify these factors and offer a tool to collate the data, giving us the chance to see how factors such as employment, housing or demographic area can affect life chances in both the short and long term. Social economic perspectives tell us that to fully understand the individual we must also understand their environment and how they are connected to it. Rather than just looking at the child or young person on a standalone basis we must look at what factors affect their behaviour, where they are living, what the home or community environment is like and try to respond appropriately to this.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory that includes a five level pyramid of basic human
The Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory focuses on how ones environment can affect a person’s development. It focuses on 5 main areas namely the Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem and Chronosystem (Bronfenbrenner, 1977, p. 514-515). Each system represents the setting in which they live in and how these people affect their growth. In this particular case study, Andy’s main influence is from the Microsystem and Mesosystem.
Mr. Urie Bronfenbrenner came to the conclusion of the Ecological Systems Theory (EST); in which he believed a child’s development is influenced by relationships, surroundings, and their environment. According to Beonfenbrenner, the Ecological Systems Theory is very much a module which consists of five separate systems within the system itself. The five different layers include the Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem, and the last system Chronosystem. All five layers relate to one another and contribute to a child’s development in different ways.
Abraham Maslow did studies of the basic needs of human beings. He put these needs into a hierarchical order. This means that until the need before it has been satisfied, the following need can not be met (Encyclopedia, 2000). For example, if someone is hungry they are not thinking too much about socializing. In the order from lowest to highest the needs are psychological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. The first three are classified as lower order needs and the last two are higher order (Hierarchy, 2000). Without meeting these needs workers are not going to be as productive as they could otherwise. The first three are considered to be essential to all humans at all times. The last two have been argued but are mostly considered to be very important as well.
Relationship- Based Model The ecological systems theory is one of the many theories there is to see how a child is influenced by its surrounds. This theory was found by Urie Brofenbrenner, a Russian psychologist. Ecological System theory views the person as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of surrounding environment (Exploring Lifespan Development, fourth edition by Laura E. Berk page 19).
Urie Bronfenbrenner was a psychologist who developed the ecological systems theory. This theory views the child as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment. He divided the environment into five different levels, the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and an ever-changing system (chronosystem). The microsystem is the system closest to the child like whom they have direct contact with such as family members and peers.
Erikson’s theory has some limitations. It seems to focus mainly on childhood, even though it does span the entire life. Another limitation in the theory is how it is applied to other cultures. Each culture is in its own category and has a different way of doing things. Erikson’s stages are rather concrete, whereas numerous cultures vary in ages of toilet training, breastfeeding, and even marriage. Since Erikson’s theory has rather concrete stages, how would these types of cultures fit into his model? Yet another limitation to Erikson’s theory is how can one resolve an issue within a certain stage? These are unlimited examples of both strength and weaknesses.