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The fall of imperial russia
The fall of imperial russia
The fall of imperial russia
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Andrew Cook, the author of To Kill Rasputin: The Life and Death of Grigori Rasputin, is a well-known author and historian. He is a foreign affairs and defence specialist for many years and has gained access to classified intelligence services archives. Cook is one of five historians that was given special permission under 1992 ‘Waldegrave Initiative’ by the Cabinet Office to examine closed M15 documents. Andrew Cook writes this book to further investigate Rasputin’s death and discover for the first time the masterminds behind the murder. Rasputin was said to have been first poisoned, then shot and finally drowned in a frozen river.
Many people wanted Rasputin dead for many different reasons. Andrew Cook is meticulous in relating the whole tale of Rasputin’s increasing influence on the Tsarina and the belief by many that he was virtually running the country. Rumours and plots abounded that the “Mad Monk” wielded huge political power, was said to live a life of debauchery, was planning to make the Tsar sign a peace pact between Russia and Germany, and was more than friendly with the Tsarina and her daughters. It was certainly a fact that the desperate Tsarina relied on him to relieve her son’s illness and believed in his power of healing, as well as asking for his opinion on all major decisions about both the country and the war. Something had to be done and some Russian aristocrats decided to take matters into their own hands.
We have all heard about Prince Felix Yusupov and his fellow collaborators, but Cook’s book manages to offer some new information as well as relating details of all the major people involved, a reconstruction of what happened, the investigation and the aftermath of Rasputin’s murder. Prince Felix Yusupov ...
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...on the Tsar and his family. His murder was seen by many as the means to an end of political instability during a time of great strife. Cook makes the argument that it could be classified as a political crime, especially as he searches into the possibility that English agents were involved. The most remarkable aspect of the night in question is that the admitted conspirators all seem to recount very different scenarios, whether out of confusion or to cover up a greater truth. With so many theories, witnesses and inconsistencies, and the fact that this crime never went to trial and no one was accused of or punished for it, the night of Rasputin’s murder remains shrouded in mystery. Cook attempts to clarify many aspects, like a contemporary review of Rasputin’s autopsy and newly available archives, but it is not definitive and there could very well be more revelations.
While the tsar was off defending the country, a strange 'monk' named Rasputin made his way into governmental affairs. Because of his ability to ease the pain of the tsar's sick young prince, Alexandra gave him great political control in the affairs of state. Rasputin had dismissed twenty-one ministers and replaced them with men of great incompetence.
Montefiore, Sebag. Stalin: the Court of the Red Tsar. New York, NY: Alfred a Knopf Inc, 2003. Print
Rasputin’s loyalty to the czar and his family made him “immune” to the attempts of exile from Russia (DISCovering). Aleksey Nickolayevich was a hemophiliac (Rasputin). On one certain occasion, doctors were called in to check on the young heir. After nothing seemed to help, “Grigory Rasputin, who was reported to have miraculous powers of faith healing, was brought to Alexandra” (Massie 259). Rasputin didn’t cure Aleksey of hemophilia, but his ability to control the symptoms was “indisputable” (Fuhrmann 26). “In December 1916, a group of conservative aristocrats laced Rasputin’s wine with potassium cyanide at a soiree in the Yousoupov Palace” (DISCovering). The poison wasn’t strong enough to kill Rasputin. He was shot once, “lurched” at his attackers and they shot him again (DISCovering).
In 1934, Sergey Kirov a rival to Stalin was murdered. Stalin is believed to have been behind the assassination, he used it as a pretext to arrest thousands of his other opponents who in his words might have been responsible for Kirov’s murder. These purges not only affected those who openly opposed Stalin but ordinary people too. During the rule of Stain o...
Crime and Punishment takes us in the puzzle centered on Raskolnikov, a young man in old Russia who commits murder and then after a lot of lies and deceit finally pays for his wrongdoings.
Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment incorporates the significance of murder into the novel through a multitude of levels. The act of killing is not only used to further the plot point of the novel, but also offers insight to the reader of Raskolnikov’s ideology and psyche. This is portrayed through both his initial logic and reasoning behind the plotting of the crime, as well as through his immediate and long term reactions after killing Alyona Ivanovna. The emotional and physical responses instilled in Raskolnikov after killing Alyona Ivanovna as well as his justification for doing so helps illustrate his utilitarianism by offering accurate insight into the character’s moral values. These reactions also serve to show the instability of Raskolnikov’s character due to his changing emotions from being completely justified as the ubermensch to showing a sense of great regret. By including the act of killing, Dostoevsky further develops Raskolnikov’s character, and provides another level of detail to readers concerning his ideology and beliefs prior to his actions.
He concerns himself not with the process of murder, but with the impact murder leaves on the psychology of the criminal, suggesting that actual imprisonment counts, so little and much less terrible than the stress, doubt, fear, despair and anxiety of trying to avoid punishment. The working of Raskolnikov mind after the killing, the intense guilt and half-delirium state in which guilt throws him, enables the reader to understand this character as an embodiment of beliefs and characteristics that impels him to commit his crime, and provides a clear picture of the character within the context of the events that took place in the novel
Historical Essay: The role of internal and external forces in the collapse of the Tsar
Wood, A. (1986). The Russian Revolution. Seminar Studies in History. (2) Longman, p 1-98. ISBSN 0582355591, 9780582355590
The Great Terror, an outbreak of organised bloodshed that infected the Communist Party and Soviet society in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), took place in the years 1934 to 1940. The Terror was created by the hegemonic figure, Joseph Stalin, one of the most powerful and lethal dictators in history. His paranoia and yearning to be a complete autocrat was enforced by the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), the communist police. Stalin’s ambition saw his determination to eliminate rivals such as followers of Leon Trotsky, a political enemy. The overall concept and practices of the Terror impacted on the communist party, government officials and the peasants. The NKVD, Stalin’s instrument for carrying out the Terror, the show trials and the purges, particularly affected the intelligentsia.
Mochulsky, Fyodor Vasilevich. Gulag Boss: A Soviet Memoir Edited and Translated by Deborah Kaple. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Among the spies of the 20th century, Kim Philby was a master of his craft. “To betray, you must first belong,” Kim Philby once said. Philby betrayed his colleagues, his friends, his wives, and most of all his country. He did all this in the secret service of the Soviet Union. The effects of this master spy’s operations set the stage for post-World War II in Europe.
Around 1943, a Russian KGB officer by the name of Aleksandr Feklisov asked Julius to work as a spy for the communist government of the Soviet Union (Petersen 1). Julius agreed to spy and recruit others. “Over the n...
After inferring from the rationality of Raskolnikov’s hypothesis on illness that the rest of his working theory would too be correct, the reader is led down a path of definite expectations for his/her “extraordinary” narrator. This path would have been one whereby Raskolnikov was able to implement widespread well being as a result of his murders. Furthermore, he would have been able to avoid submission to the common law of the “ordinary” people in order to preserve his greatness.