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Alexander focuses on the War on Drugs to illustrate the drug war affects millions in today’s society. Although many will argue that the purpose of the War on Drugs is to protect society, Alexander utilizes facts and statistics to prove that this notion is false. First, the majority of those arrested are not charged with a serious offense. Alexander states, “In 2005, for example, four out of five drug arrests were for possession, and only one out of five was for sales”. This statistic illustrates that the drug war does help the nation get rid of big-time dealers. The only thing that the War on Drugs has achieved is the significant increase in the number of people incarcerated in the United States. From 1980 to 2000, the number of incarcerated individuals has increased from 300,000 to more than 2 million. Furthermore, Alexander points to the Fourth Amendment to illustrate how all Although young black males are emerging as part of the lowest caste in the growing racial caste system in the United States, there has not been any significant wide movement to end mass incarceration. Therefore, as this novel argues that mass incarceration is metaphorically the new Jim Crow, she reaches out towards the individuals who desire to stop racial injustice from continuing. She argues that no meaningful reform, in regards to mass incarceration, can be achieved without a major social movement. Therefore, she desires to make the public aware of the current caste system that is in place, so that the current caste system can be overturned. Utilizing her knowledge and background as a civil rights lawyer, she provides readers with statistics and facts that illustrate that there is a new Jim Crow in society. Moreover, she highlights the importance of impeding another racial caste system from being formed in the
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass incarceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book “The New Jim Crow”, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve to maintain African American people controlled by institutions. In this book her analyses is centered in examining the mass incarceration phenomenon in recent years. Comparing Jim Crow with mass incarceration she points out that mass incarceration is a network of laws, policies, customs and institutions that works together –almost invisible– to ensure the subordinate status of a group defined by race, African American (p. 178 -190).
Kids start being introduced to drugs at a very young age because the first interaction with them is being told not to do any of them. Most kids have no idea what drugs are until this program is introduced in elementary schools telling kids not to do drugs. In “There’s No Justice in the War on Drugs”, Milton Friedman talks about the injustice of drugs and the harsh reality of being addicted to drugs, and the causes or side effects that come along with them. The author clearly argues the “war on drugs” and uses analysis and data to prove his argument. The author agrees that the use of government to keep kids away from drugs should be enforced, but the use of government to keep adults away from drugs, should not be enforced. The author has a clear side of his argument and the audience can clearly see that. He argues against the “war on drugs” claim that President Richard M. Nixon made twenty-five years ago, he adds ethos, logos, and pathos to defend his argument, and uses a toulmin
The drug war continues to be an ongoing issue in the US – and, to some extent, around the world. The contentious policy, since its inception, has been meticulously documented by historians and filmmakers alike. This paper will explore the failure of “War on Drugs” in the US by engaging with textual scholarly secondary sources to which will be supplemented by a relevant documentary, The House We Live In by Jarecki. It is the war on drugs, and not the drugs themselves, that are harming the nation. As this paper will show, the drug war is a failure on several accounts. Drug prohibition, and the later variation, “war on drugs”, attempt to internationally suppress the inherently complex global drug trade through simplistic means only exasperated the situation. Furthermore, at a national level, the “war on drugs” helped with the criminalization of millions of otherwise law-abiding citizens and legitimization of public policies that are insidious in disproportionate consequences to both race, and, ultimately, class; however, it is precisely these factors, as Jarecki argues in his film, that make the drug war successful in other respects.
The “War on Drugs” is the name given to the battle of prohibition that the United States has been fighting for over forty years. And it has been America’s longest war. The “war” was officially declared by President Richard Nixon in the 1970’s due to the abuse of illegitimate drugs. Nixon claimed it as “public enemy number one” and enacted laws to fight the importation of narcotics. The United States’ War on Drugs began in response to cocaine trafficking in the late 1980’s. As the war continues to go on, winning it hardly seems feasible. As stated by NewsHour, the National Office of Drug Control Policy spends approximately nineteen billion dollars a year trying to stop the drug trade. The expenses shoot up, indirectly, through crime, hospital stays and such. However, people spend approximately three times as much money buying drugs as the government spends fighting against them. How can this war be won when the government has to spend so much money combating in opposition to it??
The War on Drugs in the United States has a profound influence on both the incarceration rates and activities of the criminal justice system. Many politicians and advocates of the policy claim that the War on Drugs is a necessary element to deter criminal behavior and reduce the crime rate. However, studies show that drug deterrent policies on possession and use have been inadequate and unsuccessful (Cole & Gertz, 2013). Studies also show that the War on Drugs has not attained its objectives because the policy exhibits racial discrepancy as it has led to the disproportionate incarceration of Blacks and minorities. Specifically, evidence indicates that the upper class, generally White individuals, is more likely to use powered cocaine while the lower class, generally Blacks and minorities, is more likely to use crack cocaine, but discrepancy exists between the sentencing and punishment for the two forms of cocaine (Cole & Gertz, 2013). Before the Obama Administration passed the Fair Sentencing Act in August of 2012, which reduced the sentencing discrepancy between powered cocaine and crack cocaine to 18 to one, the original sentencing disparity was 100 to one (Davis, 2011). Although recent policies have reduced the population of drug offenders in prison, the War on Drugs has affected the substantial and disproportional increase in incarceration rates and prison populations of Blacks and minorities for drug offenses.
The War on Drugs has not deterred the use or sale of narcotics in this country and has instead only singled out people, defined by their race. Alexander compares the mass incarceration of minorities under harsh treatment by police enforcement and court systems as the new form of the south’s Jim Crow laws. The epidemic of crack cocaine in inner cities that forced Reagan’s hand to begin the Drug War only fueled mass imprisonment of African-Americans when in contradiction, whites and any other racial group for the matter, also engage in such criminal activity. Alexander puts estimates that whites may actually use drugs more frequently in proportion to their population. But the enforcement selectively hurts minorities more frequently than it hurts
In conclusion, Michelle Alexander depicts the grim reality for many young African American men in the era of mass incarceration and exposes the truth of racial injustice in the system of mass incarceration. She reveals how race plays an important role in the American Justice System and mass incarceration. Although some critics disagree, Alexander persuasively argues that the new caste system in today’s society is the New Jim Crow. Using her experience in the field of civil rights advocacy, she illustrates the truth of racial indifference, the injustice in America’s Criminal Justice System, legal misrepresentation, and violations of the Fourth Amendment. She skillfully crafts a book with remarkable detail and logical claims to create awareness of the New Jim Crow and its effect on mass incarceration.
BOUDREAUX, D. J. (2004). The war on drugs. In C. K. Rowley, & F. Schneider (Eds.), The encyclopedia of public choice. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media.
In article 1, “Philippine Catholic Church Slams ‘Reign of Terror’ Behind War on Drugs” written by Reuters in the New York Times it explains the war on drugs. They explain how it involves “rogue policemen and corrupt judges.” There are low level officials who are creating a hit list of drug pushers and users, which most of the people on the list are ending up dead. The priest also called upon this violence and said for people to not support these acts of violence and said they would probably be interviewed by the government questioning their loyalty for protesting.
A person's class standing can affect how much political power a person has (Mantisios). The extremely wealthy have more political power, therefore they can create or influence laws that can oppress certain groups of people based on race, class, or gender (Mantisios). An example of how politics set in motion policy to oppress low income individuals and people of color would be the "war on drugs." This war was implemented to reduce the epidemic of drug overdoses in America caused by drug cartels in South America transporting narcotics to the U.S. President Richard Nixon officially declared the "war on drugs" in 1971 to eliminate the export, selling, and use of drugs in the U.S. (Nixon). This created a radical push for the increase of law enforcement,
Do Not Do Drugs!!!! Drugs are bad, drugs will ruin your life, only criminals’ use drugs, drug addicts are worthless—these are thoughts that are ingrained into American society, giving rise to the War on Drugs. Drugs are in every society and neighborhood in America, but the justice system keeps this hidden from view, disguising it through racial and social status profiling. The rate of incarcerations for non-violent crimes, mainly due to the War on Drugs that was implicated in the Nixon Era, has soared immensely over the last decade. The justice system, that was established to protect and serve the public society, emerged with the War on Drugs: an effort to control illicit drugs through incarcerating those for sales, distribution, and use
The beginning of the 1960s, drugs became a symbol of youthful rebellion, social upheaval, and political dissent, while the government researched and tested their medical safety and efficacy. However, June 1971, President Nixon declared a war on drugs, saying that drugs were the number one threat to the American Public; spending more than $51,000,000 annually on the drug war every year (Drug War Statistics) The Drug has still not been solved, but has sadly created many more problems. The drug war has not only been going on for 40 years, but were enforced more than hundred years ago and fueled by discrimination and racism. “The first anti-opium laws in the 1870s were directed at Chinese immigrants. The first anti-cocaine laws, in the South in
1971 marked the year in which the single greatest policy failure in recent history came to fruition: President Nixon's War on Drugs. The War on Drugs has been described by many politicians and advocates alike as something that has left a terrible mark upon the United States and the rest of the globe. Being one of the longest running policies to date, there is still no foreseeable end to this uphill battle. The War on Drugs is a fruitless and wasteful battle based on false pretenses which negatively affects everyone, leaving communities vulnerable and damaged.
Has the War on Drugs had an impact on your live in any shape or form? Well even if you think it has not, the War on Drugs has had an impact on everyone whether you do know it or not. The failure of the War on Drugs has caused major outburst to the citizens of the United States and many argue if anything progress is being achieved or not and if we should continue down the dark path of failures so far. With President Trump now in office and his strict policy to crack down on drug trafficking we will see if he can turn the vision for the War on Drugs around. The War on Drugs has been a major failure so far and seems like it will continue to fail with no light at the end of the tunnel with things such as something that became a crackdown on racism,
The cost of the war on drugs has been far greater than just the billions of dollars spent by world governments on fighting cartels and drug manufacturers. Drugs took the lives of thousands of innocents and destroyed the lives of millions through addiction, drug related violence, and incarceration. It is clear that the war on drugs is not the solution to the problem that drugs create and society has to devise other methods of dealing with drug trafficking, mass incarceration, and addiction.