On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard with respect to the financial reporting of leases. Under the new standard, lessees will need to report all leases with a long-term on the balance sheets. The new standard purports to increase the comparability and transparency among different companies and provide investors of a more faithful representation with more accurate information on company liabilities.
The new financial reporting standard will retain capital leases and operating leases. The existing classification criteria to distinguish between the two leases are mostly unchanged. However, there are no explicit bright-lines anymore because the board is switching from a rule based accounting to a principle based accounting.
Under the new standard, a lease is defined as a contract that provides lessees the right to “control” the usage the “identified asset.” “Control” means accepting the substantial monetary benefits and having the right to decide how to use the asset. To meet the requirement of an identified asset, it has to be physically distinct which is not including natural gas or biological assets.
The lessee must record the rights and obligations associated with all leases as a right-of-use (ROU) asset and a corresponding liability with the present value of future lease payments. In another word, the impact on the balance sheet for both capital and operating leases is the same at original recognition. However, the effect on the subsequent income statement and cash flow would be significant different based on the lease’s classification. For income statement purpose, lessees of capital leases should recognize amortization expense on ROU asset and interest expense on the lease liability separately, whic...
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...need to work on additional tasks to align a single model subsidiaries.
Another remarkable difference between the two standards is their respective alternatives to account for small ticket leases such as printers, tablets and office equipment or fixtures. IFRS provides comprehensive guidance to what defines a small ticket lease and does not require such leases recognized on balance sheet. On the other hand, FASB provides no exemptions for small ticket leases as FASB still maintains accounting rules that allow the exclusion based on the significant implication to the user.
There also have differences on the effective date between this two standards. Under FASB, public companies will have to adopt the new standard for the fiscal year after December 15, 2019. While all of IFRS users will need to implement IFRS 16 for annual financial report period after January 1, 2019.
The changes in IFRS will affect some slight modifications to significant amendments of principles. It can affect different areas of financial statements and information. For example, extensive disclosure requirements, financial statements and how specific elements will be recognize and measured. Those elements are financial instrument and employee benefit (IFRS, 2012).
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Accounting Standards Codification TM. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), 2010. Web. 16 May 2014.
AASB 16 was issued in February 2016 and will come into effect in January 2019. This is to replace the current standard AASB 17. Transparency were not achieved under AASB 17 as the leasing items are not complete, neutral or free from error. Under the current standard, leases with similar financial circumstances to purchased assets were classified as finance lease therefore, it is being reported on the balance sheet. On the other hand, any other type of lease was classified as an operating lease and was not subject to the same reporting procedures. Also, under the current accounting standard, the obligation to make future payments under an operating lease are not recorded on the company’s balance sheet even though they represent a future liability
The NAL still favors buying over leasing by $1216. The only other consideration would be that lease may raise the earnings on asset ratio above 12%. But since the PV of the lease payments is greater than 90% of the FMV (assuming the purchase prices is FMV), then it would be considered a capital lease and the asset would go on the Balance Sheet. Therefore there are no earning over asset ratio advantages to leasing.
The standard that has been revised is intended to address the concerns of financial statements users by changing the reporting criteria for discontinued operations. The FASB believes that the new standard meets the requirement as it reduces the number of disposals that would be included in discontinued operations and also because of more disclosures requirement, will provide information that will be useful to financial statements (Financial Accounting Standards Board, April 2014)
There are two major types of leases: operating and capital. An operating lease involves leasing service equipment for shorter periods than the fiscal life of the equipment. Operating leases are used for short-term leasing and for technological assets. Capital assets involve leasing an asset or equipment for all of its economic life. Capital lease are used for long-term leasing and for equipment that cannot become technologically obsolete (Zelman, 2003).
This essay will discuss the influence NZ Framework brings to financial reporting standards that included NZ GAAP based on the debate between principles-based and rule-based. In particular, it will portray: (1) the nature and orientation of financial reporting framework and GAAP; (2) the main improvement of NZ Framework and the applications framework guided in NZ GAAP.
Financial Accounting Standards Board. (1985). Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 86. Norwalk. Retrieved April 7, 2014, from http://www.fasb.org/cs/BlobServer?blobkey=id&blobnocache=true&blobwhere=1175820922177&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobheadername2=Content-Length&blobheadername1=Content-Disposition&blobheadervalue2=189998&blobheadervalue1=filename%3Dfas86.pdf&blobcol=url
To agree with ‘the notion that uniform standards alone will produce uniform financial reporting seems naïve’, first of all, uniform standard IFRS is described which is being widely used across the globe. After that, I discussed about what we really mean by uniformity, benefits of uniform standards and effectiveness of regulators. Lastly, reasons of not having uniform reporting despite of having uniform standards are explained.
Accounting for financial instruments and the issues that go along with it have been an ongoing issue throughout the years for businesses. As a result the Financial Accounting Standards Board have handed down decisions regarding the valuation method that should be used. Whether these decisions are truly the best way to value financial instruments has been up for debate. The earliest decision came down in May of 1993 when the Financial Accounting Standards Board passed Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115. According to the Financial Accounting Standards Board this statement addresses the accounting and reporting for investments in equity securities that have readily determinable fair values and for all investments in debt securities. These investments are classified in one of three different categories. (Financial Accounting Standards Board [FASB], n.d.) For debt securities that a company intends to hold until maturity are classified as “held to maturity” securities. For debt and equity securities that are purchased and then held for the purpose of them being sold in the...
We study the lease contracts proposed from the view points of the lessor and the lessee. The decision problem for the lessor is to determine the optimal price structure (i.e. the price of each lease option) such that to maximize the expected profit whilst the lessee is concerned with the best option which maximizes its expected
The presentation on the financial statements will still depend on whether the lease is classified as a Type A or Type B lease and recorded to match the data. Asset and liabilities will be computed on the balance sheet of a lease obligation more than 12 months with a right-to-use asset report and liability to match. Due to front loading, the lease expense will match and adjust accordingly due to the periods in which the expense is higher and lower towards the ending of the lease obligation. Interest charged will be recognized separately from the liability of the lease. Year-end reporting will also have the information of the leases on the annual report that meet the Type A or Type B requirements along with the 12-month requirement. Financial disclosure notes will still be the same as itemizing smaller lease payments for the future will still exist. The new accounting rules will have an impact on income tax recorded as far as deferred
The lease contains all the terms of the lessor and lessee relationship. It is based on terms established and agreed upon in the “Offer to lease”. The lessor draws up the lease at his expense and presents it to the lessee for review, agreement and execution, which identify the following:
Accounting gives companies, investors, regulators and others with a standardized way to explain the financial performance of an entity. Accounting standards present preparers of financial statements with a set of rules that they have to follow when preparing an entity’s accounts, making sure this standardization is across the market (Robert 2008). Many Companies are required to publish their financial statements in accordance with the relevant accounting standards. To simply International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is one set of accounting standards, which have been established and maintained by the IASB with the purpose of those standards being efficient of being useful consistently. Financial statements are a structured representation of the financial positions and financial performance of an entity. The role of financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of an entity that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions.
On April 1, 2001, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) was created to replace the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). One of the many roles that the IASB plays is the creation and issuance of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Defined, IFRS is the standards and interpretations set forth by the IASB and its predecessor IASC. Two of the most recent regulations set forth by IFRS after the Enron scandal are IFRS 10 and IFRS 12. IFRS 10 addresses the consolidation of financial statements by an entity when it controls one or more child companies or special entities. As for IFRS 12, it addresses the interest disclosure in other entities, such as: subsidiaries, and unconsolidated ‘structured entities’.