Movement is an important basis for history. Settlers traveled across oceans, animals have migrated, and even unintentional movement has happened through the spread of diseases and what the settlers brought with them. Movement is what has made globalization and expansion successful through history and in the modern world. Within the two books – Vermeer’s Hat by Timothy Brook, and Ecological Imperialism by Alfred W. Crosby, the significance of movement is explored. As humans became knowledgeable of foreign land, the curiosity to travel increased. As well, the movement of trade between countries will be touched upon as with the movement of settlers, networks where formed and trade began. This essay will discuss what is being moved, why, what …show more content…
are the consequences, and how it is implemented in the modern world. To begin, Crosby and Brook discuss how humans developed and began to expand globally.1 Crosby talks about how Europeans traveled between Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Europeans would travel, invade the natives, and use the regions nature – its flora and fauna.1 Crosby calls descendants of Europeans who live in those temperate zones “Neo-Europeans” and tries to explain why the flora and fauna is able to provide for all the settlers.1 The decision of movement occurred when there was a population increase in Europe and its resources began to dwindle.1 People hoped that movement towards other territories would being them prosperity and a new home.1 This shows that movement is happening with the intention of new life. This is still seen in the modern world where emigration rises in countries of extreme population or low living supplies. However, the massacre of natives is a consequence that took place because of the settlers, as well, diseases, and foreign animals. These where spread as settlers move since they would take these with them as they traveled.1 Animals began to reproduce and populate but so did diseases and pests which killed off the weak settlers and some livestock.1 One comment that Crosby made was that the unintentional weeds that settlers brought, flourished and provided the fauna with food.1 there where was enough livestock being fed by the weeds that it maintained them in control and stopped the spread onto the crops.1 Crops where kept and where able to feed the settlers both humans and animals having more than enough to sustain.1 Moreover, some weeds became food that the Neo-Europeans would use such as rye and oats.1 Crosby theorises that the reason why Neo-Europeans where so successful in their travels was because of biographical factors.1 He believes that because where they traveled was at the same latitude as Europe, therefore they have similar climates.1 For this reason, Neo-Europeans where used and physically prepared to their new territories and would have a higher possibility of sustainability.1 A major repercussion of this is that more Europeans will begin to emigrate to these territories and then, over time, those territories will become overpopulated and scares, so the cycle will repeat itself again. In the modern world, although climate is no longer the primary concern due to technology, people will look for places that have some similarities when voluntarily emigrating, in order to be comfortable and adequately adjust to their new settlement. Paralleling Crosby’s ideas, Brook talks about how Europeans networked between their travels in order to get resources that they did not have or where lacking.2 Through the development of the six paintings, Brook discusses how trade and globalization happened in order to innovate keep resources and luxuries.2 He mentions how they would trade luxuries through the analysis of the painting Girl Reading a Letter at an Open Window.
The Chinese porcelain bowl was a symbolic representation of the growing trade with China; these decorations where becoming more common as the trade grew and the prices where able to drop – allowing the possibility for more commoners to afford it.2 Brook continues with his discussion on China and says that they where prohibited from traveling by the Europeans.2 Hence he thought them to be unintelligent and lacking technologically and linguistically, as the remainder of the exploring world developed. However, China later on began to reject the trading posts in their country and began wanting full control of their trade so they did begin to travel as encouraged by the government.2 Globalization is still a current event with all the trade agreements and contracts between countries for imports and support. Countries are all significantly interdependent as globalization has kept growing. Nevertheless, globalization has its risks and consequences as recourses in those exporting lands are not unlimited and there will be an demand that will not be able to be satisfied. As well, cross country wars are more possible as disagreements may happen between trade partners. Brook touched upon when talking about China and their change in mind.2 Globalization is complicated since there are multiple partners from different cultural and beliefs which will clash and will want what is best for their country just as the Chinese government wanted the best for them when the Europeans where taking over.2 Likewise, further proving that globalization connects countries
and is a delicate process, is through another one if the paintings that Brooks analyzes. Through Officer and Laughing Girl, he indicates that it symbolizes the curiosity people had with the world.2 In the painting, the officer has a felt hat that symbolizes the trade between Europe and North America. The felt hat is made from beaver fur that the French imported from North America and then used the profits gained to explore into China to expand and trade more trading posts.2 To summarise, humans, nature, and resources are all moved throughout the world. Humans travel for curiosity, networking, and relocation. Movement to similar territories is common when humans are in search for a new home – as Crosby discussed with the Neo-Europeans. During this process, nature was transported as settlers brought livestock and plantation in order to start their new life in their new land. Apart from moving for settlement, humans also traveled for curiosity and networking. When traveling to new land, networks where made and business where started cross-country – shown by how the French traveled to North America, built their fur trading post, then traveled to china to further expand networks. Due to networking, resources where moved between countries when they needed or wanted it. However, theses trades where complicated and resulted in disputes as well as the new settlement of foreigners resulted in the massacre of natives in order to have control if the land. China started to rebel against the European terms not to travel and majority of the natives where the Neo-Europeans settled where killed. Emigration, trading, and movement is still seen in the modern world – for similar and different reasons. People need new homes, resources available in other countries are traded, and all the repercussions that come with theses movements are also still present. Movement is forever present and is a primary factor for the development of the world and the growing interdependence between countries.
During this era of global history from 632 to 1352 C.E, it is seen that the societies began to interact with other cultures leading to cultural diffusion which would have both positive impacts, such as new trade goods, on societies along with negative effects, such as being conquered, on these societies as well. The documents provided show these benefits and harmful factors of cultural diffusion during this global era. Documents one, two, four, and five show some of the negative effects of global interaction. Within this group document one, four and five shows how societies have a direct negative impact on each other. On the other hand document three and six show how global interaction can have a positive impact on societies.
...g. The tying together each small item to the events of world history symbolizes how the overarching theme of globalization involves many different aspects. Samuel Champlain’s excursion which could’ve been seen as complete accident actually helped establish a very profitable fur trade between North America. Chinese porcelain and its high demand introduced the world to the wonders of China as well as the rest of the world to China. Tobacco became a popular commodity of trade and was exported globally. Along with discoveries of routes, goods, and beliefs, and other things, the movement of people was, and still is, the most vital part of globalization. Without it, history wouldn’t be the same.
Between the time period of 1492 to 1750, the regions of America and Africa, through the Columbian exchange, had experienced similarities in the spread of crops, people, and diseases, but differences when it came to the reason for change in population density, environmental change, and change of local ethnicities.
Diamond wrote this book to answer the question of a New Guinean politician, Yali. He asked “Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own.” Diamond set out to find the answer to this question, to find out why history unfolded like it did. Diamond credits the inequalities in history to differences in environments not biological differences as so many people like to say. Most of the advantages the Europeans had were a direct result of geography. The main points that Diamond attributes to European dominance are early plant and animal domestication and as a result of close contact to animals the deadliest germs were given to the Europeans. As result of its East-West axis the diffusion of food production, technologies, humans and ideas were easily spread throughout Europe. The axis mean that there were similar climatic, geographic, and disease conditions to migrants and no barriers. So anything that could be grown in one area was sure to quickly spread and thrive in the neighboring locations. Moreover, political administration, economic exchanges, incentive for exploration and conquest, and making information available to every individual were facilitated after the development of writing.
...ferent cultures and lifestyles influence the movement and effects of civilizations and their environment worldwide.
A significant factor in the transformation of the land of the New World was trading and hunting. Before Europeans arrived, the natives had manipulated the land themselves to create herds of buffalo and other animals for food, clothing, and other resources. After European colonization, the hunting and trade systems of both groups of people changed. The natives acquired guns and hors...
The Chinese empire had once been one of the greatest and most powerful empires in the world. Before the 19th century, China had a large population and was ruled by families or dynasties. It was considered technologically advanced as China had a history of many miraculous inventions, such as: writing, magnetic compasses, movable sails, porcelain, abacus and paper money. Although China was isolated from the rest of the world, it coped well on its own, and saw no need to begin trading with the west, (as Lord McCartney proposed in 1793), since it was a self-sufficient nation. At that particular time, the Chinese empire was still able to exclude the ‘barbarians’, thus forcing them to only trade at one port. However, China soon took a turn for the worst as important ...
Globalization has caused the world to change. Our country, China has been dramatically changed by globalization. Our people have moved to cities, and our industry has exploded. We have had huge advances in technology along with education improvement. Despite the fact that China has changed so much, there are still many issues that plague it. China faces serious environmental concerns. New diseases and viruses that are not indigenous to China can cause a wide range of sickness in the new area. Despite some of the the improvements in China that are a result of globalization, the negatives that globalization has brought to China are more than the benefits.
Exploration led to colonization and was carried out for many reasons but the main reasons include religion, status, economic purposes, resources and militarily tactical purposes. Much of early colonization was for trading of raw materials between continents and countries. Dominant religions sought to spread gospel and “civilize” the indigenous people by making them conform to Western beliefs and ways. Status and recognition was also pursued by country leaders w...
Ecological imperialism is an idea introduced by Alfred Crosby in his seminal work Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 which refers to the efforts of colonialists to introduce their animals, plants and even diseases in the native’s land to felicitate their rule. But that concept of Crosby has a renewed interest in postcolonial world especially in light of the growing popularity of capitalism and globalization. Capitalistic and colonialist invasions focus not merely on the subjugation of native but the land in which he lives. This conquest seems to have some ecological aspects. Voluntarily or involuntarily each of these conquests has an adverse impact on the land they conquered. In industrialist and capitalistic societies, such invasions into indigenous communities will result in an erosion of natural resources and deforestation. The new face of ecological imperialism and its impact on postcolonial indigenous communities can be seen in many of the works of postcolonial literature. A focus on Thomas King’s Green Grass Running Water and Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of the Dead hopes to reveal the complex fabrics of relations between the oppressed land and its inhabitants.
Cultures in isolation, unless self-sustaining, cannot survive without interacting with other groups. The passage of goods from one area to the other, trade, provides an effective means of distributing supplies to those who seek it but cannot produce it themselves. The human travel needed to conduct trade, while beneficial to people, poses a negative consequence to the environment.
The result that China and the Chinese people have had in building business and trade relationships have influenced people in most developing countries. It has compelled and forced some of the developing countries to change their policies and strategies relating to terms and conditions in business and trade within governments and the residents of those countries. Some countries in the so called developed world that relied on giving other people aid under strict and unfavorable terms and conditions have now resulted into using Guanxi to look for partners to conduct and trade with and the citizens, as well. They see the success and the impact that it has had 0n the Chinese people and in terms of trade and business and they have resolved to copy
It is widely accepted that there are a lot of benefits globalization brought to our life. Firstly, advanced transportation system makes different places of the world closer. Considerable amount of exciting tourists can visit remote villages in the corner of the earth. Secondly, new telecommunication, such as internet and TV, makes people’s common life colorful. Fans in China who are interested in Manchester United can also share their joy with their counterparts in United Kingdom, when the team won a game. Moreover, we can buy the popular products of high quality made in other countries, such as automobiles of Volkswagen and furniture of IKEA. Finally, globalization can lead to cooperation in trade between different countries. Even though globalization can bring so many conveniences to us, we still worry about its severe negative aspects.
“Vermeer’s Hat: The Seventeenth Century and the Dawn of the Global World”, by Timothy Brook shows how Europe got a hold of the commodities that is porcelain and tobacco and different ways that they were used. Porcelain has traveled through many countries over many years. It first originated in China but was then traded into India. It was sent to Persia because of restrictions in the Koran forced people to find other things to serve their guests. The porcelain was mostly in Europe because of the need to show how wealthy they were and because of curiosity. Not many Chinese merchants were willing to trade with the Europeans, but some private sellers and some Chinese officials like Gao Cai, who was an imperial eunuch in charge of collecting maritime
Globalization’s history is extremely diversified and began during the beginning of civilization. Now we live in a world that is constantly evolving, demanding people to use resources in locations that are very difficult to obtain certain resources. This could make it completely impossible to operate in these specific parts of the world. However, globalization allows people across the world to acquire much needed resources. Globalization creates the opportunity for businesses to take advantage and exploit the ability to take part of their business to a different country. Nevertheless, globalization is part of today’s society and will be involved in virtually all situations.