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Quatuor pour la fin du temps (Quartet For The End of Time) was written by the French composer Olivier Messiaen. The work was composed in Stalag VIII-A, which was a prisoner-of-war camp located in Görlitz, Germany (currently Zgorzelec, Poland). Messiaen presented the primature sketches of what would become Abyss of the birds to clarinetist Henri Akoka who was also a prisoner at the same camp. It was the main reason behind the fact that the third movement Abîme des oiseaux was written for a solo clarinet where other movements involved at least two instruments. The unsual instrumentaion of the composition, consisting of Clarinet, Violin, Cello, and Piano was based primarily on the number and availability of professional musicians who were kept captive in Stalag VIII-A. Interestingly, there were other composers such as Hindemith who wrote chamber works for the same set of instruments before Messiaen completed the task. …show more content…
Olivier Messiaen was 31 years old at the time France got involved in the Second World War. Shortly after that, Messiaen enlisted in the army as a French soldier. Unfortunately in June of 1940, the composer was captured by the Nazis and was sent to POW camp where Quartet For The End of Time was created. In addition to his fellow prisoner and clarinetist Henri Akoka, Messiaen became acquainted with two other professional musicians - violinist Jean Le Boulaire and cellist Étienne Pasquier. All thee musicians along with Messiaen on the piano premiered Quatuor pour la fin du
At bar 54 the theme in the oboe, clarinets and cellos is based on the
Baseball is Michael’s only way to a better future. Michael, the main character in the book “Heat” by Mike Lupica, is a 12 year old boy who moved to New York from Cuba. Michael is gifted. He has an arm that throws baseballs super fast. But with his dad gone Michael can’t prove his age to the baseball team and the team needs his pitching skills. In the book Heat the symbol is Yankee Stadium. This symbol represents the main characters future. But the theme of the book is “family can come from the most unexpected places.”
These pieces are extremely well written and are very idiomatic for each instrument. Montilla explores and takes advantage of the entire clarinet register and the sound of each instrument in each of his compositions and arrangements. In this essay, I will put emphasis on one of his most famous clarinet quartets, “Four for Four.” This is because the core of his knowledge, composition and performance skills can be seen in this work, especially in the movements “Joropo” and “Merengue,” and once we get to know the background of this piece, we will be able to apply it to most of his compositions and arrangements.
Revolutionary-era America produced many amazing things such as the swivel chair and the flatboat. But none is greater than Thomas Paine’s The Crisis and Patrick Henry’s speech. These Revolutionary writers are well known for their handiwork and their contribution to the American revolution. Their use of allusions and charged words caused patriotism to swell within the colonies, which in turn, gave rise to the revolt against British tyranny.
The year is 1788 as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began to work on his last three symphonies during a time of strife for musicians as the Austro-Turkish War continues to war on in Austria. Tired from moving his family from central Vienna to the suburbs of Alsergrund all while in debt to his ears as he continued to borrow money from friends including a fellow mason, Michael Puchberg, Mozart finished his final symphony on August 10, 1788. This piece, nicknamed the “Jupiter Symphony,” coined by impresario Johann Peter Saloman, was Mozart’s longest symphony with a total of four movements, a typical symphonic form during the Classical era. The Jupiter Symphony totals to about forty five minutes of music ending with a quintuple fugato that brings back the five melodies introduced in the final movement making the closer one of the most complex examples of counterpoint that has ever been created. My goal shall be to give the reader a sense of Mozarts life at the time of this composition, a detailed analysis of all four of these movements, as well as a look at why this piece was seen as a work of innovation.
In the article “Counterpoint: Cooling Off” by Dr. Amy Witherbee, a Professor at University of Arkansas, she shares the concerning statistic “Carbon dioxide has increased 30%, methane has increased more than 100%, and nitrous oxide has increased about 15%” (Witherbee). This is concerning because these dangerous gases called greenhouse gases cause many problems and are a hazard to our planet. One of the biggest issues facing the world today is climate change; to address this issue, we must lower greenhouse gas levels and use cleaner energy sources.
of this piece -- the clarity of the oboe, and the lovely tune of the
Mozart’s Symphony No. 41 was his last and longest symphony he composed. While listening to this breathtaking piece of music, one specific aspect of this piece stood out to me; this being the instrumentation. In this symphony, many different instruments were used. While listening, I recognized many of them. A flute, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, timpani, and strings make up this famous piece that is known world-wide by millions of people.
Themes and Variations of the Trout Quintet A quintet is a work for five instruments, in this case piano, violin, viola, cello and double bass (piano quintet). The fourth movement of this quintet is a theme and variations on Schubert's song 'Die Forelle' (The Trout). Schubert (1797-1828) was a prolific song / lied composer. Many of his songs took their inspiration from the beauty of nature; 'The Trout' being a good example. Much of his 'lieder' display pictorial word painting effects in either the vocal or piano writing - note the piano 'ripples' of the brook in the accompaniment of 'Die Forelle'.
Johann Sebastian Bach was born into a family of musicians. It was only natural for him to pick up an instrument and excel in it. His father taught him how to play the violin and harpsichord at a very young age. All of Bach’s uncles were professional musicians, one of them; Johann Christoph Bach introduced him to the organ. Bach hit a turning point in his life when both of his parents died at the age of ten years old. Bach’s older brother Johann Christoph Bach took him in and immediately expanded his knowledge in the world of music. He taught him how to play the clavichord and exposed him to great composers at the time. At the age of fourteen, Bach and his good friend George Erdmann were awarded a choral scholarship to the prestigious musical school St. Michael’s in Luneburg. From then on, Bach began to build his career in the music industry. His first two years at the school he sang in the school’s a cappella choir. Historical evidence has shown that Bach at a young age would visit Johanniskirche and would listen to the works of organ player Jasper Johannsen. This was thought to have been the inspiration to Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D minor. Studying at the prestigious musical school has help Bach network his way around and become acquaintances’ with some of the best organ players at the time such as Georg Böhm, and Johann Adam Reincken. Through his acquaintance with Böhm and Reincken Bach had access to some of the greatest and finest instruments.
were merely inspired by the earlier music and used the idea to write their own compositions. One
For Xenakis, none of these composers would let him compose in the manner which he felt the most comfortable. This was the case until he was encouraged by Le Corbusier to study with Olivier Messiaen. Messiaen was unlike his previous teachers, he “advised him not to take conventional theory lessons but to continue to bring in his expert knowledge of architecture and mathematics.” There are three notable factors that contribute to the initial incorporation of numerical proportions within the compositions of Iannis Xenakis: he was already familiar with the Golden Section from his studies of Greek architecture; the encouragement he received from Messiaen to further pursue his incorporation of mathematics and architecture into music, and the many references to music made by Le Corbusier with his Modulor. The Golden Section and the Fibonacci series appear multiple times throughout the compositions of Xenakis.
Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven both flourished in their compositions of classical music; however, their genre of music differed considerably. Bach was a German composer during the Baroque time era of western music which is estimated to have taken place during 1600 to 1750. It was during this time that he composed prolific church organ music which included such works as the Mass in B Minor, much scared choral music, and the St. Matthew Passion, as well as composing over a thousand works in nearly every musical genre except opera. On the other hand, Beethoven was a German composer whom began to emerge during the classical era of western music twenty years after Bach. This era took place throughout the years1750 and 1830. The large quantity of arrangements, over two hundred works in numerous musical genres composed by Beethoven was significantly influenced by his predecessors, onset of deafness, and his highly personal expression of intellectual depth. Such works include the first an...
To satisfy the middle-class amateur, classic composers supplied a ton of new chamber music for all imaginable combinations. The piano sonata became a very important form of chamber music, especially after being refined by Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. After 1765, the string quartet began to increasingly dominate the chamber music field.
Mozart was a successful composer and violinist. He used the form of concerto (like the