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Historical background on mental health
Consequences of stigma associated with mental illnesses
Brief history of asylums
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Recommended: Historical background on mental health
Whenever one thinks of psychiatric hospitals in the nineteenth century, visions of inhumane tests and poor living environments rack the brain. Although some events like these did occur during the time of author Nellie Bly, the treatment and lack of social acceptance of the mentally ill was much more alarming and needed immediate change. In the 1800s, mental illness was considered beyond terrible and embarrassing, but it is now considered a disease of the mind, something that is much more accepted. During the nineteenth century, people were terrified of those with even a slight mental illness. If someone acted just a little out of the ordinary, those around them would become afraid and accuse them of being insane with little to no proof. At the beginning of Nellie Bly’s book, Ten Days in a Mad-House, when she first starts to act insane, the women around her immediately started worrying about their safety and expressed their concerns about her mental condition …show more content…
In an essay written by Kimberly Leupo, she stated that homeless people would often stay at the asylums because they had nowhere else to go, and “families would submit their elderly relatives to asylums because they lacked the resources or time to deal with them appropriately” (Leupo). These patients stayed at the hospitals for long periods of time, usually until they passed away or were taken back home by family. Nowadays, psychiatric hospitals are much harder to be admitted into as they are a place to help people with mental illnesses, not just a residence to stay temporarily. Patients’ time at asylums has also decreased since Nellie Bly’s period. Because treatment is much more effective, individuals usually only stay for a couple weeks, depending on their
In the Earley book, the author started to talk about the history of mental illness in prison. The mentally ill people were commonly kept in local jails, where they were treated worse than animals. State mental hospitals were typically overcrowded and underfunded. Doctors had very little oversight and often abused their authority. Dangerous experimental treatments were often tested on inmates.
During the mid-1900`s, mental illnesses were rarely discussed in mainstream media due to negative stigma surrounding mental illnesses. As a result, characters in film rarely had mental disorders because of the directors` worries of audiences` reactions to how the illnesses were portrayed. Director, Edward Dmytryk, however, attempted to diminish the stigma through his film Raintree County (1957) with Susanna Drake Shawnessy`s mental instability. Elizabeth Taylor`s portrayal of Susanna, however, heightened the stigma surrounding mental illness as Susanna constantly acted immature and childlike.
Originally born Elizabeth Jane Cochrane, Bly has made many significant strides in the world of women journalism. She was born in 1864, and was a female muckraker during the Progressive era. (Christensen 1) After landing a job with the newspaper The Pittsburgh Dispatch in 1885 she decided to pack up and move to New York. She received a job at the New York World newspaper. Her first assignment from the newspaper was to feign mental illness in order to be committed to the Women’s Lunatic Asylum on Blackwell’s Island. (Garraty 78) The Blackwell’s Lunatic Asylum was known for mistreating its patients. In 1840, the insane in the United States numbered 17,456 out of the total population of 17,069,453 people. The country’s fourteen hospitals for the mentally ill had a capacity of less than twenty-five hundred beds. (Herrmann 9) In search o...
In other words, the patient was sick because of his or her time in the institution. I find this interesting because without a more human telling of the story by Grob, it is hard to gauge if the psychosis of patients deteriorated in general with the length of stay in the institution and if because of this, did that impact the policies or methods of practice? I believe it would be similar to what they are finding now with the orphans of Romania in the 1980’s who were raised in institutions with only basic and minimal human contact and now are mostly homeless and unable to function in society or inmates in prison who have spent years behind bars and then are let go into the general population. History has proven that people struggle with trying to acclimate back into the general population. As a result of this by the 1980’s one-third of the homeless population in the United States were said to be seriously mentally ill. (PBS, "Timeline: Treatments for Mental
For many, the statement “psychiatric asylum” conjures up disturbing images such as painful procedures and restrained patients, the creepy facility in the movie Shutter Island, the cruel Nurse Ratched from One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. But that image may be outdated.
As medical advances are being made, it makes the treating of diseases easier and easier. Mental hospitals have changed the way the treat a patient’s illness considerably compared to the hospital described in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest.
Szasz, Thomas. Coercion as Cure: A Critical History of Psychiatry. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 2007. Print. Braslow, Joel T. Mental Ills and Bodily Cures: Psychiatric Treatment in the First Half of the Twentieth Century. California: University of California, 1997. Print.
" This improved the treatment of patients but the mentally ill that weren't in this asylum may have
Throughout the Great Depression the mentally disabled were treated harshly and were almost constantly being harassed by society. The mentally ill were treated in this cruel manner because they were seen as the cause of some of society’s problems of that day in age. Also, society viewed them as less capable of human being. A physician of that time by the name of Alexis Carrel stated, “The mentally ill should be humanely and economically disposed of in small euthanistic institutions supplied with the proper gases” (Freeman; “Treatment of the…”). Not only did Alexis Carrel feel this way, but so did many other people of the United States way
For many decades the mentally ill or insane have been hated, shunned, and discriminated against by the world. They have been thrown into cruel facilities, said to help cure their mental illnesses, where they were tortured, treated unfairly, and given belittling names such as retards, insane, demons, and psychos. However, reformers such as Dorothea Dix thought differently of these people and sought to help them instead. She saw the inhumanity in these facilities known as insane asylums or mental institutions, and showed the world the evil that wandered inside these asylums. Although movements have been made to improve conditions in insane asylums, and were said to help and treat the mentally ill, these brutally abusive places were full of disease and disorder, and were more like concentration camps similar to those in Europe during WWII than hospitals.
The BBC documentary, Mental: A History of the Madhouse, delves into Britain’s mental asylums and explores not only the life of the patients in these asylums, but also explains some of the treatments used on such patients (from the early 1950s to the late 1990s). The attitudes held against mental illness and those afflicted by it during the time were those of good intentions, although the vast majority of treatments and aid being carried out against the patients were anything but “good”. In 1948, mental health began to be included in the NHS (National Health Service) as an actual medical condition, this helped to bring mental disabilities under the umbrella of equality with all other medical conditions; however, asylums not only housed people
Mental illness, a wide range of conditions that affect one’s mood, thoughts and behavior. The amount of cases regarding mental illness has increased significantly throughout the 19th century. Much of this growth in mental illness cases are attributed to individuals partaking in warfare and on the other end of the spectrum, trying to fit into society’s pre-established images of what it means to be the ideal breadwinner for the family or housewife. In Jerome Salinger’s short story “A Perfect Day for Bananafish,” Seymour is suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, a mental health condition triggered by experiencing a terrifying event. While on vacation with his wife, Seymour decides to go down to the beach where he meets a young girl named
In Michael Cunningham’s The Hours Virginia Woolf, Laura Brown and Clarissa Dalloway’s lives have a common undertone. In each story the three women are forced to confront one of society’s most controversial topics: mental illness. Mental illness is such a controversial topic mainly in part from fear. Many people in today’s society fear the unknown, they fear that in which they do not fully understand; mental illnesses such as depression and schizophrenia. Michael Cunningham shows a different side of mental illnesses using Virginia, Laura and Clarissa to convey his message: Mental illness is something that is not a one dimensional kind of issue.
It should be noted that, before the late 1900s, mental illness was not recognized as an illness. Instead, it was considered inhuman and people tended to view the mentally ill as, “‘dangerous,’ ‘dirty,’ ‘cold,’ ‘worthless,’ ‘bad,’ ‘weak,’ and ‘ignorant’” (Phelan, Link, and Stueve 189). When analyzing, Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, the main character could be suffering from a delusion when considering the parallels between Gregor’s behavior and the stigma surrounding the mentally ill in the 1950s.
4. Hunter, Richard, and Ida MacAlpine, eds. Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry 1535-1860: a History Presented in Selected English Texts. London: Oxford UP, 1963.