Rationale of study The review of essential oil and the detailed information about the acid value, saponification, antioxidant and antimicrobial study of essential oils of clove, mustard and ghee.
Aims and objectives we have to find out the activity of these oils against some bacteria and fungi and the compounds responsible for the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of oils and also check the acid value, saponification value of these oils.
Research methodology Isolation of essential oil with the help of Clevenger apparatus and determine the acid, saponification value antimicrobial activity and antioxidant property.
Syzygium aromaticum
Clove oil was extracted from the buds of syzygium aromaticum by using hot extraction method with the help of Clevenger apparatus . clove was purchased from the market in jalndhar (Punjab). And the clove was then filled inside round bottom flask and this flask was fitted with Clevenger then putted it on heating mantle. We use water as solvent and heatd for 1.5 to 2.5 hours at a temperature around 60 degree celcius and clove oil comes in the narrow tube of the apparatus from there we collected it through tap. We dry the extract with the help of sodium sulphate (Na2so4).
Mustard oil we purchase mustard oil from the market and further testing that is acid value,saponication value ,antimicrobial test and antioxidants properties were done in lpu labs.
Test for the antioxidant activities of essential oils
Method we took the samples of clove,mustard and ghee and tested them for antioxidant capabilities.
DPPH (2,2 diphenylpicryl hydrazyl)
This test was carried by mixing 1.5 ml ethanolic solution of each oil with 2 ml of a 0.2mM ethanolic solution. We will take ...
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... oil/fat taken.
Saponification value = 56.1(31 – 29.5)0.5
= 42.075 /1000
= 0.0420 g of koh per g of oil
Saponification value test for Ghee
Take 0.1g of mustard oil in a conical flask and add 25 ml of 0.5M alcoholic KOH to it. Boil the mixture on water bath until the clear solution appears. Cool the mixture and add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Then titrate it with 0.5N HCL solution. Conducts the blank titration along with the sample add all the reagents except the sample.
Saponification value = 56.1(B-S) N/W
Where
B = Volume of HCL require for blank
S = Volume of HCL require for sample.
N = normality of HCL
W = Weight in gm of the oil/fat taken.
Sap = 56.1(31 – 27)0.5
= 112.2/1000
= 0.112 g of koh per g of oil
Acid valueTest for mustard o
Introduction In this experiment, steam distillation was used to isolate eugenol oil from cloves. The goal of this experiment was to test and analyze the purity level of the eugenol oil that was isolated by applying a TLC test as well as H-NMR spectra. At the end of this experiment, eugenol oil was isolated, but some errors that occurred during the experiment resulted in impurities in the final isolated oil.
...nerated and replaced by fat. Recently, specific compounds in the oil have been identified, they produce regeneration that is even more amazing than that produced by the oil itself. (Gerras, 1056)
Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to isolate eugenol or clove oil from cloves using steam distillation and determine whether it is an efficient way to carry out this experiment. Also, TLC and 1H NMR were preformed to analyze the purity of the isolated eugenol.
Before you go on to try any other type of oil (or really any other type of food), cleanse your palate with water and slices of green apple
Pour 1.40g of NaOH into florence flask and add 350ml distilled water, then swirl it and invert flask five times with parafilm on the top of it. Next, obtained a vial of KHP from the instructor, and poured about 0.408g into three different Erlenmeyer flasks by measuring with analytical balance. Then, fill up about 25ml of distilled water, add 3 drops of phenolphthalein into it and mix them well with a glass rod. Label all solutions to prevent mixing them up. Before the titration began, the buret should be rinsed with NaOH solution and recorded the initial buret reading.
Add 15mL of 6N sulfuric acid to a 125mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 105mL of deionized water (preparing approximately 0.75N sulfuric acid). Obtain a sample of the unknown. Weight the vial and contents accurately on an analytical balance. Handle the vial with a small strip of paper to reduce the risk of error (due to added weight). Pour about half of the sample into a clean dry 200mL Erlenmeyer flask and weight again. Use the remaining half of the sample to get a second weight of around 0.6g-0.7g. Make sure the vial is capped on every weight taken.
The advertise estimate in the Western markets for premium treat players is higher than that of Indian Market. As the way of life is enhancing in India, the interest for premium treats in the market is expanding. Numerous International players are attempting to tap this space by going into the market with infiltrating costs.
Oil includes any viscous liquid that has a non-poplar chemical content at ambient temperatures. Oils are both hydrophobic and lipophilic. Any form of oil has a high hydrogen and carbon content which is normally flammable and slippery. Oils are classified as chemical compounds which may otherwise be unrelated in properties, structure and uses. Modern researchers have made exhaustive explorations within some of the major oil fields in an effort to detect the rate at which the oil products are becoming depleted. This exploration and scientific research has been driven by the high consumption and extraction of oil in the last century.
“Spices, the friend of physicians and the pride of cooks.”-Charlemagne. Many spices have been used since early times. Even though one might think spices are primarily used as flavoring and coloring agents, scientists have found many new uses for them. Spices exhibit many health benefits, especially preventing and fighting a wide variety of diseases. Spices can also be used to preserve food. They are known for their antimicrobial effect. Even though most bacteria is good and one cannot survive without it, some bacteria can be extremely harmful. Knowing which spices can prevent harmful bacterial growth in food can be helpful, if not life saving. Which household spices exhibit the most antimicrobial effect and prevent bacterial growth?
Essential oils were used by the ancient Egyptians’ to produce perfumes. They spent hundreds’ of years’ trying to perfect beautiful smel...
Spices should exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activity. Microbiologists and food-product developers have conducted laboratory experiments that involve challenging numerous foodborne bacteria, fungi, and yeasts with phytochemicals extracted from spice plants. Multiple techniques have been used. Nevertheless, it is now clear that many spices have potent antimicrobial properties (e.g., Hargreaves et al. 1975, Shelef 1984, Deans and Ritchie 1987, Zaika 1988, Beuchat 1994, Nakatani 1994, Hirasa and Takemasa 1998).
Lastly, food grade oils, such as lemon and black pepper, can be used internally when mixed with water or food” (“Essential Oils Vs. Modern Medicine”). Novice oil users should test out all three of these methods. This will help them to figure out which one works best for them so they can begin applying that method, or methods, to their daily life in order to experience the benefits of using the various oils. Using essential oils also offers a convenience factor by helping you to avoid having to go to the doctor to receive prescriptions.
Generally, volatile oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. It is derived from terpenes and their oxygenated compounds and it is made up of isoprene unit. Terpenes classified as monoterpenes (contains two isoprene units) , sesquiterpenes (three isoprene units), diterpenes (four isoprene units), triterpenes ( six isoprene units), tetraterpenes (eight isoprene units), pentaterpenes ( ten isoprene units) and polyterpentes ( n number of isoprene units). Volatile oil also contains phenyl propane derivatives. Volatile oil containing others chemicals like limonene, alpha - terpinene, terpinolene and alpha and beta phellandrene, these are monocyclic monoterpenes. Limonene is widely distributed and it is present in citrous oil, caraway oil etc... Pinene is bicyclic monoterpene, zingeberene and caryophyllene are
Using clove oil is provides a fast relieve to toothache because of the antioxidants and antibacterial properties it possesses. Clove oil have been used for many years for the treatment of toothaches. It also contains eugenol, an anesthetic which is an effective pain killer. It is mostly used in dental products. In a situation where a dentist can be
The aim of this research is to analyze the uses of these various medicinal plants and to observe how each of them can treat and cure different ailments and diseases. The uses of these medicinal plants methods and how they are approved or applied will be assessed by doing this research report. The main objective of this project is to assess traditional medicinal plants and how they treat specific symptoms of disea...