The Non-Traditional Family
Look Who’s Talking is a comedy, family, and romance film that features Bruce Willis, who plays the voice of Mollie’s son Mikey as the main character, John Travolta as James, Kristie Alley as Mollie, and George Segal as Albert, the dishonest father of Mikey. Look Who’s Talking is a film related to the physical development in infancy. Mikey uses his inner voice to express how he feels and observes life as a baby. This film is an outlook on how most babies who cannot express themselves vocally might view and perceive society. There are several developmental theories and influences of society and culture that are underlined psychological issues related to the film.
Albert is an executive who has two children and a wife who has an affair with Mollie who
…show more content…
This is in regards to a baby’s mouth, such as suckling activities toward breast or bottle. Mikey is always bottled fed, and Mollie and James make sure that he always is fed when needed on time so that the oral needs are always met which also increase the trust level Mikey is building with Mollie and James. Mollie and James make sure to feed Mikey whenever necessary, which also helps with the Erikson theory of basic trust. Therefore, Mikey never develops such habits as thumb sucking, fingernail biting, and over eating. The Ecological System Theory views the person as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment (Berk, 2014). James is involved in Mikey’s life more frequently than his biological father and takes on the role of being a father figure and male role model to Mikey. However, Mikey views James as his ideal father. Mikey has a loving bond with James, who acts as Mikey’s father in his life even though he is not. Mikey wants his mother to make James his father since James is always around and he has fun with
Albert is an executive who has two children and a wife that has an affair with Mollie who becomes
it is proven that a bond between a baby and one who feeds it is very
Finding Nemo was a movie about a mischievous son who was captured by a scuba diver with his overprotective father who tried to save him. Not to mention, Nemo had a small fin from an accident. In the beginning of the movie, Marlin’s wife was killed in a barracuda attack. The dynamic of the family consisted of a single father, Marlin, and his only child, Nemo. Because Marlin was a single father, he was overprotective of Nemo. Thus, the dynamic, single parent relationship, can be understood and a parenting style can be identified. The parenting style Marlin was likely portraying was authoritative. For instance, Marlin had set rules on how Nemo should prepare himself for school; in addition, was caring to Nemo when hurt or when in danger. In other words, Marlin was both very responsive and very demanding. Based on the example and the dynamic of the family, Marlin’s parenting style was determined. Thus, parenting styles can be identified in families. Furthermore, the result of the parenting style was seen in the child. In particular, Nemo was able to make many friends at school and was optimistic about his rescue from his father. Overall, Nemo was adequate or competent socially and mentally. Again, proved Marlin’s parenting style as authoritative; hence, parenting style can be identified in families. Additionally, another dynamic of a family to examined was Modern
Family systems have been studied since psychologists began studying people and their behaviors. The family is a dynamic system—a self-organizing system that adapts itself to changes in its members and to changes in its environment (as cited in Sigelman & Rider, 2009). Allowing the focus of a family system to grow beyond the mother and child relationship did not happen overnight. For many years, there was no connection made between other members of the family and the developmental issues of the children involved.
Through the course of the novel, Albert is an appalling husband, father, and person. He treats his wife, Celie as if she is his slave from the beginning of their arranged marriage; he expects her to cook three meals a day, and take care of his many children from his previous marriage. Albert does not begin to realize the pain he is causing, or at least try to make himself change until Celie leaves him. “You a lowdown dog is what’s wrong, I say. It’s time to leave you and enter into the Creation. And your dead body is just the welcome mat I need…” (Walker 207). It took words as powerful as these for him to become aware of the fact that he did not love or resp...
In the ecological systems theory, Brofenbrenner postulated that in order to completely understand development, the entire ecological system must be taken into account. Each level of the system offers a diverse range of options and sources for growth. The microsystem level - which is what we will be focusing on – contains structures with which the child has direct contact. It embodies the relationships and interactions the child has with their immediate surrounding such as family, school, neighbors, and childcare environments. Relationships that are bi-directional tend to have the strongest influence, meaning the interactions have impact in two directions, both toward the individual and away. The microsystem provides the initial set of interrelations a child has and provides the basis for developing trust with their significant people. For this reason, adopting at the earliest age po...
The behaviorist concept of attachment is best explained as a learned trait the infant has to the attachment figure. The concept is supported by the 1950s research of Neal E. Dollard and John Miller. Their social learning curve contains four processes to overcome which include drive, cue, response, and reward. The first process, drive, explains what the infant what's which can consist of food and water. For instance, if an infant is hunger then it will be motivated to get food from the closet source. The child is hunger so it will have a drive to
The following is a critical analysis of a case study on a three year old boy named Jack. Case documents reveal that Jack expresses behaviours and developmental issues that align with a diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and/or Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Case information outlines details of Jacks infantile behaviours, family dynamics and current developmental issues. The purpose of this critical analysis is to identify and examine multiple risk factors that are present across various levels of Jack’s environment simultaneously. This type of analysis is guided by the ecological-transactional model (Bronfenbrenner, 1989). The ecological-transactional model divides environments by levels named the ontogenic environment, microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem. Each environmental level is identified by certain characteristics. The proximal systems are those that individuals are actively participating and socialising within while the distal systems are not in direct contact but still have a direct influence on the individual (Cicchetti et al., 2005). Jack’s case depicts that there are a combination of both ‘vulnerability’ and ‘challenger’ potentiating factors across all levels of his environment. Vulnerabilities and challengers are a type of risk factor which Cicchetti et al. (2005) describe as variables that increase the potential for maladaptive trajectories. Vulnerability factors are those that are enduring risk factors present in the child’s life while challenger factors are transient risk factors (Cicchetti et al., 2005). There is a predominance of risk factors within Jack and his family’s context but there are also protective factors present which are those factors that promote a...
Since the beginning of time parents have been trying to figure out the most efficient way to parent (Sears, 2003, p. 3). Just as parents have tried to figure out the best method, so have scientist (Santrock, 2011, p.20); scientist use theories to help guide their understanding of things such as how parenting and child development go hand in hand. Erik Erikson proposed the theory that children develop in psychosocial stages (Santrock, 2011, p.21). Erikson’s theory contained 8 stages in which he believed we are faced with a dilemma that must be dealt with. The focus of this paper is the very first psychosocial stage, which he proposed that we experience in the first year of life (Santrock, 2011, p.21). Erikson’s first psychosocial stage is the dilemma that we face between trust and mistrust (Santrock, 2011, p. 21). This stage is very important because it occurs in the infant’s first 12 months of life and plays a part in shaping the rest of their life (Santrock, 2011, p. 21). According to Santrock (2011), Erikson’s theory proposed that this stage is when the infant determines whether or not the world is a place in which they will enjoy residing (p.22).
Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory “looks at children’s development within the context of the systems of relationships that form their environment.” (MORRISON, 2009) This theory describes multifaceted tiers within the environment, where each layer has a specific influence upon a child’s development.
Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory will be applied throughout this essay to delve into the reasoning behind particular behavioural issues. According to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, an individual has multiple environments known as their ecological systems (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). Bronfenbrenner (1994) suggests that a developing child is influenced by the relationships surrounding them and the best way to understand a child’s behaviour is to look at the numerous aspects of the child’s environment and how they interact with each other. The relationships and environments that the child interacts with have been separated into layers known as the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and the overarching chronosystem (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The microsystem is the environment where the child has direct face-to-face relationships such as at home, day care and school (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The relationships formed within the microsystem directly impact the development of a child (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). It is through the processes of repeated interactions with people, objects and symbols that the human develops (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The second layer in the ecological model is the mesosystem, which is the interaction between two of the microsystems such as the relationship between a parent and a teacher (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The exosystem is an external environment, with which the
The first stage in Erikson’s psychosocial theory is the Trust vs. Mistrust stage. This stage is from birth to about one year of age. This is the time when an infant child learns to depend on another for affection, comfort, and nutrition eventually learning to blindly trust the primary caregivers to provide these things (Cooper, 1998). When the infants needs are met, then the infant develops a specific attachment with their caregiver, if the outcome is negative then the infant learns to mistrust the people around them and the environment that they are in. This brings us to the next stage in psychosocial
In Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, there are five systems that ultimately influence an individual. The first system is the microsystem, which consists of the people who have direct contact to an individual. In my own life, my immediate family consists of my mother and I. I am an only child to my mother and since my mother and my father have been separated since I was a baby, he has not been part of my microsystem. In addition, I am also a student at CCP. I have a network of friends whom I keep in close contact with. The people that I encounter at home, school, and work have direct contact with me and thus, they are part of my microsystem.
According to Rothbaum, Rosen, Ujiie, and Uchida (2002), attachment and systems theories have similarities but remarkable differences: Attachment is between individual family relationships and systems affect the entire family, dyad attachments provide protection, care, and security, while the system of the family provides dynamics, structures, roles, communication patterns, boundaries and power differentials. Although attachment theory typically refers to a child-adult relationship and the systems theory focuses on family functioning, the latter is affected by attachment patterns within the family (Rothbaum et al., 2002).
The first stage in Erikson 's theory is Infancy. During this stage, an infant is expected to learn basic trust and mistrust. With that being said, a balanced combination of the two is needed in order to "...acquire [his or her] first strength-hope" (Feist, Feist, Roberts 227). A child will also go through Oral-Sensory Mode during stage one. In other words, the child, while learning how to get, he or she will also learn how to give (Feist, Feist, Roberts 226). I developed basic trust because, during this time in my life, my