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Sexuality in literature
Female sexual roles in literature
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An Exploration of Jayant Khatri’s Bandh Baarna Paachhal through the Prism of Freudian Theory Dr. Jayant Khatri (1909-1968) was one of the most significant and noteworthy short story writers in the canon of Gujarati literature of the twentieth century. He won the prestigious Mahida Gold Medal in 1945 for his short story ‘Lohi nu Tipu’ (A Drop of Blood). He was also elected a leader of opposition for the Mandvi Municipality in 1951, and the vice-president of the Mandvi Municipality during 1954 to 1960. He was posthumously honored with the Uma-Snehrashmi Award in 1968-69 for his collection ‘Khara Bapor’ (Scorching Afternoons). It is an undeniable fact that Dr. Jayant Khatri (1900–1968) has been an underrated author in the arena of Gujarati short …show more content…
All memories that are painful and cause guilt or anxiety are buried in the unconscious. The process is totally unconscious and automatic; it just happens whenever an idea or impulse is so painful and anxiety arousing that one must escape from it.” (Aleem 37) However, this unconscious repression takes a heavy toll on every aspect of her life. Her life-style worsens, she grows more short-tempered, and finally, she takes her first step towards prostitution: - Sexual perversion and exhibitionism. She indulges into vulgar chats with women around and tries to catch attention of men. She changes clothes in her room despite knowing that some men have been watching her from outside. The character mouths her condition as: “Divse divse mara vicharomaay vikruti aavava laagi. Chaali ni amuk stereo sathe bibhats mashkari karvama hu bhalti. Mari ordini same ni chaalima purusho ubha hoy, mari ordima najar nakhta hoy toy emna dekhta kapda badalvama mane sharam aavti nahi.” (Day by day my thoughts also turned more perverse. I indulged in vulgar, adult jokes with neighboring women. I felt not a bit of hesitation or shame in changing clothes despite knowing that the men in front of my room ogle at
Nevertheless, her attempts are futile as he dismisses her once more, putting his supposed medical opinion above his wife’s feelings. The story takes a shocking turn as she finally discerns what that figure is: a woman. As the story progresses, she believes the sole reason for her recovery is the wallpaper. She tells no one of this because she foresees they may be incredulous, so she again feels the need to repress her thoughts and feelings. On the last night of their stay, she is determined to free the woman trapped behind bars.
“Bad history” and “jails” are only two small snippets of her previous life that she tries to forget but cannot due to Lenny. By bringing “his sick body to her”, she will be relapse. His disgusting figure repulses her because she tries as hard as she can to resist temptation. The image in her head must be ugly so she does not fall back on old habits. The more time she spends with him the more handsome he becomes, pulling her in to using once more.
...aught about sex at least once. She then goes on to express six times that when she told the brothel owners and clients “I don’t want it,” they would beat and rape her more. Switching back different scenes of the children, the binary of tears and smiles was revealed.
...e relationship with men, as nothing but tools she can sharpen and destroy, lives through lust and an uncanny ability to blend into any social class makes her unique. Her character is proven as an unreliable narrator as she exaggerates parts of the story and tries to explain that she is in fact not guilty of being a mistress, but a person caught in a crossfire between two others.
Those who are in favor of retrieved memories state that these memories can be repressed and remain unattainable for years until an individual seeks therapy, where these memories can often be uncovered and trauma related to them can be treated (Freyd, 1994). On the other hand, some individuals have expressed concerns with the concept of repressed memories since, according to them, there is little scientific evidence that can support the theory (Patihis, Ho, Tingen, Lilienfeld & Loftus, 2014). In other words, cases where individuals experience traumatic events but often lack memories of these, often do not provide sufficient reliable evidence to make credible arguments. Memory research offers further insight into the controversial topic of “memory wars” by explaining if the notion of repressing memories and placing them into the unconscious is a feasible hypothesis. Furthermore, research presented in this brief will discuss the reliability and usefulness of using recovered memories as evidence in a court cases. Due to the controversial nature of recovered memories in judicial courts and scientific communities, it is important to consider research in the area to determine truthfulness in allegations involving recovered memories, as these have previously posed
Kothari employs a mixture of narrative and description in her work to garner the reader’s emotional investment. The essay is presented in seventeen vignettes of differing lengths, a unique presentation that makes the reader feel like they are reading directly from Kothari’s journal. The writer places emphasis on both her description of food and resulting reaction as she describes her experiences visiting India with her parents: “Someone hands me a plate of aloo tikki, fried potato patties filled with mashed channa dal and served with a sweet and a sour chutney. The channa, mixed with hot chilies and spices, burns my tongue and throat” (Kothari). She also uses precise descriptions of herself: “I have inherited brown eyes, black hair, a long nose with a crooked bridge, and soft teeth
False memories being created is obvious through many different ways, such as eye-witness testimonies and past experiments that were conducted, however repression is an issue that has many baffled. There seems to be little evidence on the factual basis of repressed memories, and many argue that it does not exist. The evidence for repression in laboratories is slowly emerging, but not as rapidly as the evidence for false memories. It has been hard to clinically experiment with repressed memories because most memories are unable to be examined during the actual event to corroborate stories. Experimenters are discovering new ways to eliminate this barrier by creating memories within the experiment’s initial phase. This is important for examining the creation of false memories during the study phase. This research study will explore the differences between recovered memories and false memories through research and experiments. Other terms and closely related terms will be discussed, while examining any differences, in relation to repressed memories. The possibility of decoding an actual difference between recovered memories and false memories, through biological techniques. Because false memories can be created, examining these creations in a laboratory setting can shed light on facts overlooked. Exploring these issues will also help with the development of better therapeutic techniques for therapists in dealing with memories. This can lead to an easier process for patients and therapists if they must go through the legal system in relation to an uncovered memory.
tries to resorts to reasoning with herself so that she may feel husband keeping he away from any outside world her minds wanders into insanity. Her husband doesn’t know any better than to restrain her from exerting energy. He feels that he must keep her in bed to better her health. This in the end is the reason she goes insane. He must feel a bit ashamed being a doctor and not knowing of any other cure to The signs of metal illness are evident when the main character resorts to ripping at the wallpaper to release some built up anxiety.
Her role as a wife and a mother starts to become her daily routine, and she is not satisfied with it. She tries her best to satiate herself. She starts making efforts to achieve different approaches to satisfy these efforts but still “she does not get pleasure in her duties” (Goodwin 39), and this is the reason why she always get dissatisfaction in her life. Her dissatisfaction with this role in life also leads the narrator protagonist to try on other roles. Though she tries on many, none of these seem to satisfy her either; she "tried these personalities on like costumes, then discarded them" (Goodwin 38). Her inability to find any role that satisfies her probably contributes to her general sense of helplessness, and continues to withdraw from her family. Since she cannot find any particular role that suits her, she attempts not to have any role at all; the coldness and isolation of the undecorated white room make it seem that she is trying to empty herself of her previous life.
Imagine going about your daily business when, for some reason or another, you find yourself immersed in an intense, disturbing flashback of a traumatic event that you never knew you experienced? This bizarre scenario is more commonplace than might be supposed and is opening up all sorts of legal and therapeutic controversy. Repression is one of the most haunting concepts in psychology. The rationale is that some shocking occurrence is pushed back into an inaccessible corner of the unconscious only to be retrieved later by a most confounded consciousness (1). Is the memory really real? If it is, why was it lost in the first place and what triggered its return? And how is it to be dealt with?
From what I understood, there’s three levels of memories or the ability to have something imprinted in mind. One, conscious/consciousness. At this state, you are in contact outside the world. You are present in the present situation you’re in. You’re aware of what you’re doing. Second, pre-conscious. At this state, you are beneath the surface of awareness. You’re not fully aware of anything and everything. It’s like you’re half awake and half asleep. The last, third. Unconsciousness. At this state, your memories are repressed and pushed at the back of your mind. You can sense familiarity but couldn’t recall anything about it. this. Under psychoanalytic theory is the defense mechanism. Basically, this means the individual’s hazy contortion of perception of reality that helps them overcome their stress and anxiety. There are ten stages in this section. First, denial. This is means denying what’s already there. You can’t accept it so you deny. Second, repression, this is a memory that’s been erased from a person’s mind. This is often caused by traumatic events happened in a persons’ life. The third, rationalization. A good example of this is a white lie. You’re covering up your wrongful act. You’re making excuses. The fourth, projection. This is the placement of your feelings to another person. You’re not aware that you’re doing it. this can be
An act committed years ago can suddenly haunt their mind and remind them how they had failed to do things rightly. This disturbs their mind and messes up their mood. After that, they can hardly spend the day cheerfully or manage a relaxing sleep at night. These types of flashbacks into past mistakes are frequent in intelligent people. Guilt and discontent fill their mind. These negative emotions are enough to erase happiness from one’s life.
In layman’s terms when forming a memory, the brain takes what we see, hear, smell, feel and taste and fills in the blank spaces with information that we have perceived from common knowledge and stores it as a memory. But sometimes something happens that is so shocking that the mind grabs hold of the memory and pushes it underground into some inaccessible corner of the unconscious.
Mehta, Kamal. “Naipaul as a Short Story Writer”. V. S. Naipaul: Critical Essays Vol. 3. Edited by Ray, Mohit Kumar. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 2005. Print.
Allen, Charles. Kipling Sahib: India and the Making of Rudyard Kipling. New York: Pegasus Books, 2009. Print.