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The effect of concentration on osmosis experiment
The effect of concentration on osmosis experiment
The effect of concentration on osmosis experiment
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Conclusion
The data is compelling and indicative of an overall increase in mass of all gummy bear, completely rejecting my hypothesis. Previously, I thought that the sugar water would have a high enough concentration of solute (the sugar) to make the gummy bear hypotonic or isotonic to the sugar water. However as the graph suggests, the most profound increase in mass came with the pure water solution because there is less concentration of water molecules in the gummy bear than in the water surrounding it; this makes the gummy bear "hypertonic" in comparison to the water, thus causing the water to enter the gummy bear and expand. Consequently, the sequencing amounts of sugar have almost uniformly lessened that effect. The gummy bears saw the
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Potentially, salt will make the solutions more concentrated and, in turn, cause the gummy bears to shrink and decrease in mass. The salt water will probably have a high enough concentration of solute (the salt) to make the gummy bear hypotonic or isotonic to the sugar water. Salt will probably have a much stronger and more noticeable effect due to its chemical composition. As it is held by an ionic bond (complete -/+ charge), unlike sugar’s covalent bond (much weaker and easier to break), making salt more capable of forming a hypertonic solution, with a much more concentrated surrounding around the gummy bear, causing it to shrink and decrease in mass. Through osmosis, the water molecules are going to move to the area with more solute or molecules in it to even out the number of water molecules in both the salt water and inside the gummy bear. The water will leave the gummy bear and move to where there are more salt molecules. Next, using much larger cups and increasing the interval between each solute amount to produce a remarkable effect. Showcasing osmosis on a much larger scale will definitely portray the entire process of osmosis in a much better manner. However, we must also find much larger gummy or another brand that can withstand these new, overwhelming conditions. This will also make the gummy bears much easier to handle, providing better data. Lastly, I would also suggest trying other types of candy. Although not all candies have semi-preamble shells, like gummy bears, I think it would be interesting to examine how other candies react in a similar environment (salt, sugar, and pure water). As I think most sugary candies will end up dissolving, I believe that such an experiment would showcase the true the characteristics that gummy bear the special cadies that they are. Subsequently, we can examine how gelatin plays its role in making the bear expand.
Abstract: Marshmallows have more Calories per gram. Marshmallows have .2079 J/g℃ and cheese puffs have 1.08x103 J/g℃. My hypothesis was that marshmallows have more Calories per gram and my results confirmed my hypothesis because there is a .2068 J/g℃ difference.
the replicate shows the same trend as the first experiment. I used a measuring cylinder and a beaker to measure out the amounts of water; however these did not seem to affect the quality of my results. To increase the accuracy of my results I could have perhaps used a burette. Even though I did the best I could to keep the experiment accurate, I did. some places there were mistakes that unintentionally occurred.
Investigation of the Concentration and the Effect of Sucrose on Osmosis in Apple and Potato Tissues
Regarding the densities of Coke and Diet Coke, I believed that the density of coke would be greater than the density of Diet Coke. Because the content of Coke contains more sugar than Diet Coke, it would contain more mass and since density is mass dependent, Coke would be denser than Diet Coke. From the results of the experiment, there was a slight difference between the densities of Coke and Diet Coke. The measurements obtained from the pipette and the graduated cylinder demonstrated that Coke is denser than Diet Coke while Diet Coke was shown to be denser than Coke using the burette. With the pipette, the average density of Coke is 1.02 and the average density of Diet Coke is 0.99. With the graduated cylinder, the average density is 0.976968 and the average density of Diet Coke is 0.95. With the burette, the average density of Coke is 0.99 and the average density of Diet Coke is 1.0. Among the three instruments, the most precise was the graduated cylinder and the most accurate was the volumetric pipette. Since density is defined as mass/volume, changing the volume of Coke or Diet Coke would have changed.
There were approximately 8x the amount of pillbugs on the water side compared on the vinegar side. Many sources of error could have occurred during the experiment, however. One possible source of error was that about half of the pillbugs were actually sowbugs, an isopod crustacean that has extremely close relations with the the pillbug. The main difference is that sowbugs do not roll up. This could have been a source of error because the difference in the two species may have attributed to the preferences of the isopods in the experiment. A second possible source of error was uneven lighting on our experiment. We gave our best effort to control the lighting and background as much as possible so that the experiment would not be affected, but there could have been something that was overlooked because a classroom environment is not the easiest thing to control. The last source of error was something that could not have been avoided. As time goes on, the pillbugs could have slowed down their movements compared to when they were first dropped into the bin due to their natural
Osmosis in Potato Tubes Osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration. Diagram: [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Aim: To see the effects of different concentration of sugar solution on Osmosis in potato tubes. Key factor: In the investigation we change the sugar solution from: 0%-10%-20%-30%-40%-50% this is the independent variable; the dependant variable is the change in mass. Prediction: I predict that all the potato tubes in pure water or low concentration sugar solution will swell because water enters their cells by osmosis.
Canada is the largest producer of Maple Syrup in the world, so it is no surprise that the Canadian Maple industry has changed quite dramatically in the past 25 years. According to the Government of Canada, the efficiency of maple farms has increased by almost 20% in the past 25 years. In 1981, a farm would have been able to get 1,404,000 taps. In 2006, this number had increased to 3,913,000 taps per farm. In addition to increasing efficiency, the amount of maple syrup being produced by farmers has been increasing. Production increased 17.6% to 8.6 million gallons in 2011 compared to 2010(15). Exports of Canadian maple products also saw an upward trend in the past 15 years. According to statistics on Agriculture and Agri-Food of Canada, our exports of maple products by weight grew an outstanding 63% from 1997 to 2006. The number of organic maple syrup producers has dropped as a result of stricter organic production standards(23). Because of this drop, and because most of the organic maple syrup that is produced is sold in foreign markets, there may be an opportunity to make money by producing and exporting organic maple syrup.
So what is happening is water is moving from a high concentration, i.e. a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution. Preliminary Work on Osmosis I am going to test carrots in a small osmosis experiment to see how the experiment works with carrots and salt solution and water. Variables 1) Temperature - Keep the same 2) Number of days left soaking - Keep the same 3) Size of beaker - Keep the same 4) Size of carrots - Keep the same 5) Concentration of salt solution -
This occurrence can be explained through the process of osmosis. The increase in mass as well as the increase in turgidity, in the potato tubes immersed in low sodium chloride concentration solutions is understood to be a hypertonic. Since the solution is hypertonic, the water molecules will diffuse into the area of lower water concentration (the potato tube) in order to achieve equilibrium. Alternatively, the decrease in mass in the potato tube submerged in highly concentrated sodium chloride solutions can be explained by its immersion in a hypotonic solution. As sodium chloride solution is less concentrated in water molecules than the potato tubes, the decrease in mass and loss of turgidity results from the net movement of water leaving the potato tube, which is higher in osmotic pressure, and diffusing into the solution.
When doing this experiment I was able to see the effect of different concentrations on the rate of osmosis, each was done by measuring the initial mass and length of the potato cylinder and after osmosis, the results were conducted to show that as the sucrose concentration increases the rate of osmosis also increases as I said in my hypothesis thusly making a direct decrease in mass.
At point A the graph shows that no change in mass, of the potato, would have have occurred had we used a 0.2 (m) sucrose solution. This suggests that the concentration of water inside the potato would have been equal to the solution outside the potato. At point B (plain water), there is no indication that the cell is increasing in mass. This is because the cell is fully turgid and no more water can enter.
The materials needed are three small beakers (150 or 250 ml), a potato, a knife to cut the potato into pieces, a ruler to measure the potato, something to weigh the potato pieces, a timer, a calculator, and three solutions: distilled water, 10% sucrose, and 50% sucrose. The point of this experiment is to calculate the percent change in the mass before and after soaking the potato in the three different solutions. Create your own hypothesis before beginning the experiment. My hypothesis is that the potato soaked in water will have a higher mass after soaking, and that the potato soaked in the 10% sucrose and 50% sucrose will remain the same. Make sure to keep up with your measurements since they are needed to determine the mass percent change. The best way to accomplish this is to use the table provided at the end of this sheet to record your results. The first thing you need to cut the potato into three pieces of about two cubic centimeters (cm^3) in length. The second step you need to take is weighing each potato piece and writing down its mass. Next, label the three beakers with the three different solutions used. Then, you need to pour distilled water over one piece of potato, 10% sucrose on another, 50% sucrose on the last piece of potato; each solution needs to be poured on each potato piece until they are completely submerged. After they are submerged: set your timer for an
Prediction I think that when the potato is placed in distilled water the potato mass will increase. This is because water, has, if pure, a weaker concentration than the potato, and the water molecules move in through a partially permeable membrane by osmosis. If the potato is in a high concentration salt solution, the potato mass will decrease because the potato is less concentrated than the salt solution, and the water will move through the partially permeable membrane into the stronger solution. However, if the potato mass stays the same after the experiment, this means that the water/salt solution and the potato must be of equal concentration.
The Effect of Solute Concentration on the Rate of Osmosis Aim: To test and observe how the concentration gradient between a potato and water & sugar solution will affect the rate of osmosis. Introduction: Osmosis is defined as, diffusion, or net movement, of free water molecules from high to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. When a substance, such as sugar (which we will be using in the experiment we are about to analyse), dissolves in water, it attracts free water molecules to itself, and in doing so, stops them from moving freely. The effect of this, is that the concentration of (free) water molecules in that environment goes down. There are less free water molecules, and therefore less water molecules to pass across a semi-permeable membrane, through which sugar molecules and other molecules attached to them are too big to diffuse across with ease.
(Cliffnotes) Osmosis played a really big role in the second part of the experiment. One of the beakers was filled with water and so was one of the dialysis tubes and both reacted with sucrose. When particles move through the membrane, whether they go in or out, the cell will either begin to shrink or grow, and can grow so much that it bursts. If a solution gains water it is called a hypertonic to the solution on the outside. If the opposite happens then the solution is hypotonic. When an equal amount of water particles are transferred between both solutions then they are both called isotonic solutions. (Lab notes) Dialysis is the process in which particles, that are different sizes, are separated using a selectively permeable membrane. In the experiment we used the dialysis tubes to test the permeability of water, sucrose and