3. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) ABAQUS 3.1 Introduction In the present work, the finite element method was used to study the elastic-plastic indentation in layered materials. Finite element analysis (FEA) software package ABAQUS version 6.14 was used in the indentation simulation which is a commercial product. One of the major topics within Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is how to present results and verify whether the results accurately illustrate the loading condition. Inaccuracies within the FEA results can stem from various sources including modeling, input of material properties, mesh density, unrealistic stress concentrations, loading conditions, environment, etc. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is an important engineering tool used …show more content…
The element types used in ABAQUS are ‘CAX8R’, in which the letter or number indicates the type of element which is of continuum type, axi-symmetric in nature has 8-nodes quadratic and reduced integration. The Reduced integration option available is used to save calculation time. The entire model consists of approximately 180,000 elements depending on the coating thickness. Figure() zoom in of the contact region in the coated substrate 3.3.4 Contact Interaction The interaction between the indenter and the coated substrate is modeled as contact pair without any friction. According to ABAQUS user manual, the indenter surface is defined as the ‘master’ surface since the indenter is rigid body. The top of the coating is the ‘slave’ surface. 3.3.5 Boundary Conditions and Loading The following boundary conditions were imposed : The nodes on the axis of symmetry z of the sphere and the coated substrate were constrained in the x direction. The nodes at the base of the substrate were constrained in both x and z directions. In addition the following assumptions were made
The micro hardness of the prepared samples were obtained by using a Vickers Micro hardness Tester (Model : Leco LV 700, USA). 5 readings were taken for each sample to calculate the average hardness. An indentation load of 5gf was used. After calculating the average hardness for each sample, mean variance and standard deviation (S.D.) was calculated to check the consistency of the data.
tension of the system. Their orientation at the interface varies, depending on the components of
The distances on the inclined plane (s1 = 1.5m) and tabletop (s2 = 4.0m) were chosen to make the error margin smaller. By making these distances longer, the affect of friction was larger; however this effect is relatively small. Shorter distances would have resulted in large error margins; therefore it was beneficial to have longer inclined plane and tabletop distances.
In other words, the alloying element affects the temperature of which the oxide scale forms and its behaviour is at higher elevation temperature as well as gas composition and moisture level [3].
...roved hardness, strength and wear resistance are achieved [12, 13]. The coated material (CSZ) can be applied as thermal barriers, having high temperature resistance. These coatings permit higher operating temperatures by controlling the thermal subjection of structural components. There as increase in part life by controlling oxidation and thermal fatigue [14]. The thermal resistance characteristics of the surface coating basically depend on the following parameters. Distance between spray nozzle and substrate, flow rate of the precursor solution, post heat treatment temperature and duration of heat treatment [15-17]. The required thermal energy varies for different materials and solvents used in the spray process. The atomization of the spray solution, into a spray of fine droplets also depends on the geometry of the spraying nozzle and pressure of a carrier gas
...eable surface, that is attached to a vertical stabilizer (fixed surface) deflects for the generation lift force in sideways direction. Since the rudder and vertical stabilizer are towards the rear of the aircraft, that is some distance from aircraft’s center of gravity, it implies that lift force that both generate result in a moment about the vertical axis(y-axis) that result to an aircraft to yaw.
Figure 1. Saussure, F. (1983) Saussure Model, [diagram] At: http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem02.html accessed on 07 November 2017
The purpose of this lab report is to state the results gathered by the values of the coefficients of kinetic friction and the coefficient of static friction for two particular surfaces. The theory behind it is that if a body is at rest or moving with constant velocity, it is in equilibrium and the vector sum of all the forces acting on it is zero. The force of friction is always opposing the motion and is always opposite in direction. This lab gave us a chance to bring the inclined plane problems we have been doing in class to real life.
thermal expansion is brought upon by tetrahedral tilting and it can be observed by comparing Fig. (a) and (e).
The region is characterized by a system of anticlines and synclines, which from the stereographic fold analysis, it was possible to notice that they are asymmetrical, steeply inclined with non constant interlimb angles. In addition, the layers appear to have uniform thickness, so if this assumption is correct, the folds on the Arrastre Wash are concentric.
• The Use of Force is about a girl who may have Diphtheria, but refuses to open her mouth to let the doctor look at her throat. After much struggle, emotional and physical, the doctor forces her to open her mouth and it turns out she does indeed have the disease.
contains for stresses; there is a strong caesura in the middle of the lines and
Problem solving can be a tricky and complicated process. Often times the initial step of identifying the problem and coming up with possible solutions is the hardest part. Businesses, schools, and any team settings around the world use many established problem solving tools and techniques. These range from brainstorming, mind mapping, imagining, and many others. Groups use these techniques to add some order to a potential chaotic experience. One popular tool is known as Force Field Analysis.
In order to study the stresses around a crack developed in a fuselage and its propagation, we have to primarily achieve the CAD design of a fuselage. Particularly, a section of the fuselage frame is needed to achieve the project objective. The Boeing data as provided in the public domain serves as the guideline for the design of the fuselage for this project. To successfully design the fuselage we require the detailed dimensions of the following parts-
This is the textbook for my materials science and engineering class. It contains information about the behaviors and properties of materials such as metals and polymers. This source will prove useful because in the field of tensegrity, the type of material used to make a structure is very important. In the field of engineering/tensegrity, this source is considered as a reference