Automne Malade, un poème d’Apollinaire présent dans son recueil Alcools, publiée en 1913. Il devient l’ancêtre de la poésie moderne. Ce poème n’a pas été publier avant le recueil Alcools, mais on a pu trouver des brouillons écrient du même poème par Apollinaire lui même en 1902, c’est a dire avant la publication du recueil de 11 ans. Le thème « automne » n’avait seulement été traité dans ce poème, mais aussi dans d’autres dans le même recueil, Rhénane d’automne par exemple. Dans Automne Malade, le thème lyrique traditionnel est aussi présent, exactement comme dans tout les autres poèmes du recueil. Il serait donc très intéressant d’étudier comment Apollinaire fait-il preuve de modernité et originalité dans son poème. Au premier lieu, nous …show more content…
Apollinaire s’intéresse clairement a la mort de l’automne, il utilise donc plusieurs termes qui suggèrent la mort de la saison ; « Automne malade » , « tu mourras » , « meurs » . D’autre part, l’auteur nous montre la beauté de cette saison, il utilise donc de nombreux termes qui montrent la splendeur de cet saison ; « fruits » , « fruits mûrs » , « roseraies » et « richesse » . L’auteur introduit ensuite l’hiver. Il utilise d’autres expressions pour le présenter comme destructeur ; « blancheur » , « aurait neige » . La neige va donc détruire l’automne et la beauté de sa nature, tout va devenir blanc et pas de fruits comme décrit par Apollinaire : « des éperviers planent» . Dans le dixième ver, l’auteur réintroduit la menace de l’automne par l’hiver en disant « sur les nixes nicettes aux cheveux vert et naines » . Dans la mythologie allemande, les nymphes d’eaux, on des « cheveux vert » , cette couleur est donc la couleur de la …show more content…
Ils passent par : 9, 15, 6, puis 4 syllabes. Sa créer une sorte de tempête qui commence très grande et qui se réduit. Cette idée est renforcer par l’emploie du champ lexicale du froid, (neige, verger etc.) qui eux symbolisent a leurs tour une tempête. Les syllabes illustrent donc les conditions de la nature présente dans cette partie du poème. Dans la dernière strophe contenant 10 vers, il y a une régularité dans le nombre de syllabes « les feuilles/ qu’on foule/ un train/ qui roule/ la vie/ s’écoule ». Le rythme est régulier, pour montrer la fin de l’automne, la fuite du temps et les feuilles qui
Poetry’s role is evaluated according to what extent it mirrors, shapes and is reshaped by historical events. In the mid-19th century, some critics viewed poetry as “an expression of the poet’s personality, a manifestation of the poet’s intuition and of the social and historical context which shaped him” ( Preminger, Warnke, Hardison 511). Analysis of the historical, social, political and cultural events at a certain time helps the reader fully grasp a given work. The historical approach is necessary in order for given allusions to be situated in their social, political and cultural background. In order to escape intentional fallacy, a poet should relate his work to universal
...vocal statement about the ?organic? possibilities of poetry than optimistic readers might have expected. ?Mayflies? forces us to complicate Randall Jarrell?s neat formulation. Here Wilbur has not just seen and shown ?the bright underside of? a ?dark thing.? In a poem where the speaker stands in darkness looking at what ?animate[s] a ragged patch of glow? (l.4), we are left finally in a kind of grayness. We look from darkness into light and entertain an enchanting faith that we belong over there, in the immortal dance, but we aren?t there now. We are in the machine-shop of poetry. Its own fiat will not let us out completely.
This means that the poem contains unstressed followed by stressed syllables. In addition, each line contains three-stressed syllable, which makes it trimeter. For instance, “The whiskey on your breath” (1) can be used to identify the stressed syllables in that line. The syllable for “whisk”, “on” and “breath” are the three stressed syllable within that line of the poem. The use of an iambic trimeter allows the poem to become the waltz itself as it matches the three beats of the waltz. While this meter is used throughout the poem, there are certain lines that contain disruptions to the meter of this poem. For example, “slide from the kitchen shelf”(6) which is a trochaic. A trochee is a meter pattern that involves a stressed syllable flowed by an unstressed syllable. In this case, “slide” is a stressed syllable, while “from” is unstressed. These disruptions in meter mirror the father’s “missing steps” in line 11. This dance between the father and son is not smooth, but rather rough and clumsy due to the father’s drunkenness. Similarly, the first stanza also includes a simile, “But I hung on like death” (3), which portrays a sense of seriousness in tone of the speaker. In other words, there is a sense of play but also a sense of danger that characterizes the
The era of Romanticism during the 18th century was enriched with flourishing qualities of art, historiography, education and natural sciences that are exalted in history to this day. The Romantic era was more than what meets the surface, the literary creations of this time was not superficial love stories as the name may inaccurately suggest. This was a period of love for creation and nature, the exaltation of the common people, the desire for perfection in their community and an overall quest for something greater. The writers’ of this era emphasize on imagination and emotion and was influenced from the changes that were occurring in front of their very own eyes. A prime example of this is the literary works of Nathaniel Hawthorne and the common theme of science and the author’s fear and distaste it has on humanity that has been introduced.
When I look at the word oppression, images come to mind; images like being inferior and downtrodden. The word “oppression” can and is a powerful weapon. Let’s look at the meaning of the word, “the exercise of authority or power in a burdensome, cruel or unjust manner, the state of being oppressed.” (dictionary.com, 2013). During South Africa’s fight for freedom from the cruelty of apartheid, Steve Biko made many speeches to help raise the consciousness of his black brothers and in one of his speeches, he made this statement, the most important weapon in the hands of the oppressor is the MIND of the oppressed.” (Boddy.Evans, 2013). This is a powerful statement and it makes the meaning of “oppression” very clear. Words like oppression and discrimination are powerful and painful. They are tools that have been used in the past and are still in use today. You can be oppressed and discriminated by words as well as action. There have been many times when certain groups have been oppressed and treated with unbelievable cruelty. I am referring to the enslavement of the African people and to the mass killing and displacement of the Native American Indians. During that time, blacks were captured from Africa and brought over to America to do hard labor. They were treated as property, shackled like animals and they endured unbelievable cruelty. This is what I would call the ultimate meaning of oppression. There rights and dignity as a human being was taken away from them. Slavery lasted in this country for over 300 years. That time was during slavery in America. (Schiller, 2011). The American Indians were beaten almost to annihilation just because the land that they were on was coveted by the American settlers. (“North American Indians, 2013). We live in a society that has thrived on discrimination
The constant rhythm throughout the poem gives it a light beat, like a waltz; the reader feels like s/he is dancing. The rhyme pattern of...
Brooks, Cleanth. The Well Wrought Urn: Studies of the Structure of Poetry. London: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1947.
This poem is written in eleven quatrains. All of these quatrains follow an abcb rhyme scheme. An example of this from lines 1-4 are “toune” being a, “wine” being b, “salior” being c, and “mine” being b. This means that the poem was written in closed form. It also follows a meter with four beats in the a and c lines and three beats in the b lines. An example of the four beats from line 5 is “Up and spak an eldern I Knicht”. The example of three beats from line 6 is “Sat at the kings richt kne”.
Through this research paper, readers could know that poems are implicit in poets’ intention although poems are shorter than any other literature genres. Dylan Thomas and Emily Dickinson used words, which related a dark image in the process of expressing a theme of death. Also, these poets told the emotions of the poets themselves, indirectly or directly. The metaphorical expression is one of figures of speeches. The metaphorical expression are used not their ordinary meaning, but a different meaning as a symbol or image. So, the metaphorical expression enriched poetic expressions in “Because I Could Not Stop for Death” and “Do Not Go Gentle in to a That Good Night”
“How many times these low feet staggered-” is written from the perspective of someone in an abusive relationship with the deceased woman. They are constantly wondering why she is not cleaning the house and calling her lazy. The poem consists of 12 lines of iambic tetrameter with the exception of the final stanza, which alternates pentameter and tetrameter each line. Because the lines are similar in length, there is no feeling of starting and stopping or drawing something out then contracting it, but more of a monotonous relaying of events. The poem features end rhyme in the second and fourth lines of each stanza. The effect of rhyming “tell” and “steel” is a contrast between the action of telling and the motionless, immovable steel that the woman’s body has taken on, making her incapable of ever telling. The term “soldered mouth” conjures the gruesome image of a mouth permanently melted closed, but also seems reminiscent of a body that has been embalmed, whose lips are sealed in the same manner. The anaphora in lines 3 and 4 of the word “try” drive the phrases following it and take on the feeling of a fruitless effort. You try once to “stir the awful river” and then you try again to “lift the hasps of steel,” but no matter how much you continue to try ...
(24-27) By now the reader might ask him/herself why the Lady of Shalott is stuck in such a dreadful situation and why she does not attempt to do anything about it. There is a constant increase of tension attained by the use of iambic and trochaic tetrameter and an -aaaa bcccb- rhyme scheme repeating in each stanza. This is always interrupted by sudden drops produced by the plosive sound 't' as in 'Camelot';, 'Shalott'; or 'Lancelot'; in lines 5 and 9. The whole scheme could already be seen as an indicator of the omnipresent basic suspense of the poem.
...ur lines each. Each line ends with a vertical line that marks the feet. The rhyme isn't but there is rhyme in this poem like "Me" rhymes with "Immortality" and, farther down the poem, with "Civility" and "Eternity." This poem repeated the phrase, "We passed," which is changed a bit in the fifth stanza to, "We paused." This repetition of a word or phrase throughout a poem is called anaphora. The use of these poetic elements allows the words to flow as they describe an event.
Brooks, Cleanth. The Well Wrought Urn: Studies of the Structure of Poetry. London: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1947.
End rhymes are depicted on lines two and four of the last two stanzas. Internal rhyme can also be seen in line 11 and 14. Anaphora is indicated where the words “we passed the…” are used (Cummings, 2011).
Rundle, Thomas J. Collins & Vivenne J. The Broadview Anthology of Victorian Poetry ad Poetic Theory. Concise. Toronto: Broadview Press Limited, 2005.