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Problems with speciesism
Equality vs equity essay
Equality vs equity essay
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In this paper, I am going to argue that Peter Singer is right to claim that human suffering and animal suffering should be given equal consideration. Even though animals are not intellectually or physically at the same level as us humans, they can still feel pain when hurt. (48) Peter Singer, an Australian moral philosopher, wrote his book Animal Liberation in 1975. This book practically started the animal rights movement. In his book, Singer says that animal liberation today is somewhat comparable to racial and gender justice back in the days when blacks were not free men and as treated as below the system and women did not get the luxury of equal rights as a white man. In his book, Singer discusses speciesism, a term made up by Richard Ryder, …show more content…
He persistently try to persuade us into thinking carefully about our principal states of mind from the perspective of those most distraught by our mentalities, and the practices that take after from these attitudes. Singer is against speciesism. By concentrating on what a person wants or needs and not contemplating the overwhelming impacts that that restricted way may have on nonhuman, sentient creatures, we are not just coming up short ourselves, in that we are not maximizing the potential purity of our moral status, additionally significantly influencing, in a negative way, the world to which we live in. On these basis, Singer believes that we as a race, can come together to see scope for a new liberation; the animal rights liberation. According to Singer, all people are not equal, seeing that the reality is concerned – profound quality in any case. Singer believes that when we inquire as to whether all people are equivalent in a cognizant domain, the very way of it is pretty much rendered insignificant. He strongly accepts and suggests others as well the idea that the main rule for equality is distributing equality of equal …show more content…
I agree with his idea that equality does not require equal rights. It is based on equal consideration. For example, I say animals must have the same right as a human, if a human can vote, so should the animal. Giving a nonhuman the right to vote for someone is as absurd as it can be. I can give a dog the right to vote and elect the next President of America. But it would not understand the moral importance of such responsibility. It lacks the required intellect. This would show that equality does not require equal rights. Another example would be that since every human being has the right to education and should go to college, that does not mean a dog or any other sentient species for that matter should be sent to college. But that does not mean we can treat a non-human creature any way we want. People might object that animals for so different from a human in so many different fields, the major one being that humans are much smarter than ant animal. To that argument, any sane person would say that if a person is weak physically or intellectually, it would be wrong to treat that person in a disrespectful way or to abuse them. If we are not going to do something like this to a weak human being, why shall we treat a non-human, sentient, living thing that way? It has the ability to suffer when hurt. An animal deserves the same respect when it comes to cases like this. Thus, factual identity is not essential for moral
In his article entitled “Animal Liberation,” Peter Singer suggests that while animals do not have all of the exact same rights as humans, they do have an equal right to the consideration of their interests. This idea comes from the fact that animals are capable of suffering, and therefore have sentience which then follows that they have interests. Singer states “the limit to sentience...is the only defensible boundary of concern for interests of others” (807). By this, he means that the ability to feel is the only grounds for which rights should be assigned because all species of animals, including humans, have the ability, and therefore all animals have the right to not feel suffering and to instead feel pleasure.
Men have thought themselves to be the superior species for a long time, but Peter Singer brings a new perspective on the topic in his essay entitled Speciesism and Moral Status. Singer’s new way of thinking of it states that determining morals status requires the comparison between the cognitive abilities of humans and nonhumans. The main points he focusses on in his essay are cognitive capacities between animals and humans with severe mental retardation, religion affecting human’s beliefs of superiority, and finally the ability to suffer and how similar humans and nonhumans are.
...nger states “Equality is a moral idea, not an assertion of fact. There is no logically compelling reason for assuming that a factual difference in ability between two people justifies any difference in the amount of consideration we give to their needs and interests”. Singer argues that, as there is no justification for unequal treatment of human beings based on capacity, it is also unjustifiable to treat human and non-human animals differently based on their capacities.
...ting pain is too scattered and too varying to be wholly accounted for in the calculus of the utilitarian Singer. Since humans have varying experiences, the amount of grief experienced by each human is correspondingly different as a product of their multifaceted experiences. If this is the case, then the amount of grief and pain experienced by a certain event cannot be objectively measured even among members of the same species – how then can we hope to objectively measure and quantify the pain felt by different horses because of the same “hard slap across… [their] rump[s]” (Singer, Animal Liberation, p. 15)? While the minimization of pain may be a useful tool in theory, it unfortunately renders itself ineffective when held up to the crucible of a world replete with emotions, distinct personalities and experiences, and the unique individuality of each living creature.
Goodall argues that her readers have an ethical obligation to protect animals from suffering, but she also implies that it might be necessary sometimes to abandon that obligation. She points out that animals share similar traits with human beings: they have a capacity for certain human emotions, and they may be capable of legitimate friendship. Goodall’s evidence for this claim is an anecdote from her research. She recounts that one chimpanzee in her study, named David Greybeard, “gently squeezed [her] hand” when she offered him food (62). Appealing to readers’ emotions, Goodall hopes to persuade readers that the chimp is “sociable” and “sentient,” or feeling (62). According to Goodall’s logic, if researchers are careful to avoid tests that cause human suffering, they should also be careful to avoid tests that cause suffering for other life forms.
Mulkeen, Declan and Carter, Simon. “When Should Animals Suffer?” Times Higher Education Supplement 1437 (5/26/2000): p34
It is apparent that there are many philosophers that stand on both sides of the argument. One side is clearly expressing that while there may be some overlap between the human species and nonhuman species, we are not equal because of the concept of rationality, for example. However, I see Singer’s arguments as much stronger than the other philosophers. He draws on many solid points backed up by concrete evidence that is easily understandable on many points, pulling from different experiences and true events. I defend Singer’s view that nonhuman animals are equal to human beings because he points cannot be discounted, but more heavily supported the more he digs into them.
Singer makes a three-part argument for why “All Animals Are Equal”, or at the very least should be granted equal consideration. Firstly, he argues that, assuming all humans are awarded equal rights, there is no single characteristic apart from being human that grants them such rights. Secondly, he argues that awarding rights by virtue of humanity is arbitrary and speciesist. Lastly, he argues that sentience is the only characteristic that should be considered in terms of granting animal rights. This leads him to the conclusion that “if a being suffers, there can be no moral justification for refusing to take that suffering into consideration… The principle of equality requires that its suffering be counted equally with the like suffering – insofar as rough comparisons can be made – of any other being”.
For Christians animals “feel pain”. Ignore it would be an absurdity. They also have rights. Not surprisingly there are rules to protect animals and Christians accept them. Four major religious movements such as the Christian, Jewish, Muslim and Buddhist promote compassion, love and respect for animals. The problem is that the faithful do not always respect these provisions and transform these ideas of universal compassion so that is most suitable to their desires.
Singer, Peter. “The Case of Animal Liberation.” In Philosophy: The Quest for Truth, 8th edition,edited by Louis P. Pojman and Lewis Vaughn (New York: Oxford
Within the guidelines of utilitarianism, Singer’s approach appears to harmonize, as he believed the goal in life should be to attain happiness and when the desirable level is reached, one should pay it forward. However, to the dismay of many, he believed that one born to pain and suffrage could not reach such pleasure therefore, had nothing to contribute to the environment and hence, such a life need not be continued and such a life furthered, would only be a strain on happiness. Singer’s judgement on moral behavior was that bringing pain into the world would only consume positive energy and could not further the benefits of happiness as, it is absent. In thinking that one’s existence should benefit environmental ethics as a whole or to those who need it most, Singer has said, “It is not enough that an environmental policy conform to the principles of some or other environmental ethic, it should conform to the correct, or best justified, one.” (p.285) Singer is also inclusive to animals within his statement as he considered animals just as equal in nature as humans. Essentially, he had a vision of animals being free from cruelties and exploitations such as factory farming. Extending happiness, to him, was meant only for people and creatures that could share it and, in accordance to his philosophy, deserved it in efforts to amplify well-being. Singer’s morally confusing ethics have added a unique wing in the developments of environmental ethics that, if anything, indulge in daring thoughts and help refine the purpose of
Animals can be a man's best friend; however, they can also be ones worst enemy after passing certain boundaries. Peter Singer who wrote Animal Liberation gave valid points in my opinion because animals do have a right to live and we should give them their space. Humans take everything for granted and never seem to learn until it too late. Today slaughterhouses are abusing animals in disturbing ways which has to change. I will agree with Singers concepts on animals because they have a right to live a peaceful life like humans; they have a life ahead of them once they are born. Singer argues that animals should have their interests considered throughout their lives. Singer wants to eliminate speciesism from our thoughts which is, a human discriminatory belief that all other animals are not as good as them therefore they do not have rights and we could do what we want to them. We should not be the only types of "animals" in this earth who has a set of rights we should abide.
Singer P. Animal Liberation. A New Ethics for our Treatment of Animals. Avon Books. New York, 1975.
In this essay, I will discuss and define both speciesism and moral individualism in Paola Cavalieri’s book, The Animal Question. Additionally, I will provide my opinion on which is the strongest argument for speciesism and why I still disagree with it. Speciesism is the belief that humans are inherently superior to all other animals, solely based on their species membership. This widely held belief is used to justify the blatant discrimination of nonhuman animals, resulting in a lack of moral rights and the exploitation of defenseless beings. This view, that humans are of special moral status, is constantly attempted to be rationalized in various ways.
In conclusion, I agree with Tom Regan’s perspective of the rights view, as it explores the concept of equality, and the concept of rightful treatment of animals and humans. If a being is capable of living, and experiencing life, then they are more than likely capable of feeling pleasure and pain, except in a few instances. If humans are still treated in a respectable and right way even if some cannot vote, or think for themselves, then it is only fair that animals who also lack in some of these abilities be treated as equals. As Regan puts it, “pain is pain, wherever it occurs” (1989).