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The danger of anti intellectualism
The danger of anti intellectualism
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American culture has evolved, and Society tends to ostracize people for their intelligence, and our culture has been giving these intellectuals derogatory names like nerd and geek. Leonid Fridman believes that these anti- intellectual values that pervade our society must be fought and should stop for the sake of America. The author supports this position in the passage “America Needs It’s Nerds” through the use of rhetoric by giving definitions of terms such as geek, offering comparisons through juxtaposition, adding a tone shift, and posing rhetorical questions to the reader.
The author begins by giving the definition of a geek and how it has been portrayed wrong the whole time. The correct definition of geek is “a street performer who shocks the public by biting off heads of live chickens”, but society has been incorrectly using this term. Society inclines to call people that are academically serious and highly value education names like nerd and geek. The author uses juxtaposition to compare Geeks to circus side-show freaks by introducing the correct definition of a geek and how it has been used erroneously in our culture. Our society has been associating geeks with freaks for many years because they simply do not understand people that are scholastically gifted. The author uses the rhetorical device of juxtaposition to simply demonstrate how mistaken our civilization is in comparing a freak biting off a head of a live chicken to a person who is dedicated to the pursuit of knowledge. The author also compares an intellectual to a “freak” to illustrate the disproportionately negative meaning of the term “geek”, while the actual definition of geek is far more negative than the common, everyday usage of the word. Later in the pas...
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...c achievement over physical prowess”. Rhetorical questioning and Anaphora both help Fridman prove his point because they directly stress the need for anti- intellectual values to be fought and academic achievement and intellectual ability be highlighted.
Fridman’s argument is extremely convincing in the proving his point through the use of drawing comparisons and juxtaposing them, adding a tone shift, and adding rhetorical questions that include anaphora to help emphasize his point in the passage. Leonid Fridman in “America Needs Its Nerds” reflects American ideological thinking in a harsh indifferent way. With the use of various rhetorical devices Leonid Fridman successfully develops his argument that for America’s sake, anti- intellectual values must be fought, and the need for America to reestablish its value system to remain a world- class power.
Rather than progressing and remaining active for the betterment of America, the country continues to dwell in the past by surrounding itself with fictional stereotypes and overwhelming confidence. Krugman’s tone shifts to a more concerned viewer, as he stressed the importance of relying on factual evidence opposed to cultural biases. America’s formation of a French caricature inevitably backfires when statistical evidence (a chart) reveals about how untrue the nation’s ‘facts’ are about the employment rates in the European country. As shown on the graph, France’s employment rate has grown steadily over the years, while America’s rate has continuously declined, resulting in a substantial gap between the two countries. If America is not willing to improve itself as a nation and a world power, it will no longer be respected by the rest of the world. Its famous reputation as a world power would stripped, leaving it helpless and bare to harsh judgement and criticism of the Earth’s citizens. Although laughing and poking fun at a country’s past mistakes is comfortable and natural for America, it only proves of how distracted we are about the reality of America’s idleness. If we do not take ourselves seriously, who
Author and Harvard graduate, Leonid Fridman, in an excerpt of his article, America Needs Its Nerds, points out America’s anti-intellectualism. Fridman’s purpose is to inform the reader of the contempt held for the intellectually curious and call for a change in the country’s attitude. He adopts a condemning tone to make the reader aware of the issue and encourage them to change their mindset.
When analyzing the arguments of both Michael Moore’s “Idiot Nation” and John Taylor Gatto’s “Against School”, their most distinct aspect is the tone in which their arguments are presented. Moore’s informal writing invokes a reaction within the reader. He capitalizes entire sentences to make them appear louder and draw attention. How can referring to a president as an “Idiot-in-Chief” not elicit a certain emotion within the reader? Moore is a well-known activist who is quite aware of popularity and infamy. His words are not an attempt to persuade dissenters to his side, but rather to appeal to the emotions of his supporters and drive them to action. Whereas Gatto writes in a formal but understandable language that appeals to the intelligence of parents and children alike regardless of their view of public education. It is notably free of exclamation marks as well as the jargon associated with educators. The voice used plays a key role in the techniques and tools each arguer uses to convince their intended audience to take action.
In reality, sports still contain completely of knowledge, arguments, debates, problems, complex statistics, and pictures that make it to be more attractive and intellectual than school. Graff insists that street smarts are more necessary than school smarts because it comes from real life, our real experiences, and for sure it can be used in real world. However, Graff also attests “ To say that students need to see their interests “ through academic eyes” is to say that street smarts are not enough. Making students’ nonacademic interests a subject of academic study is useful, then, for getting students’ attention and overcoming their boredom and alienation, but this tactic won’t in itself necessarily move them closer to an academically rigorous treatment of those interests” (Gerald Graff, 250). School smarts are superfluous because everything we have learned would become worthless if it is not practiced in live, therefore, street smarts and school smarts need to be combined together to work
In “Hidden Intellectualism,” Gerald Graff pens an impressive argument wrought from personal experience, wisdom and heart. In his essay, Graff argues that street smarts have intellectual potential. A simple gem of wisdom, yet one that remains hidden beneath a sea of academic tradition. However, Graff navigates the reader through this ponderous sea with near perfection.
In “Cultural Illiteracy,” a preface to the novel The Dumbest Generation, Mark Bauerlein critically evaluates how technological distractions affect the younger generation. Bauerlein states that “digital diversions” are cutting the younger generation off from culturally enhancing mediums and is in turn making the younger generation less intelligent. Though Bauerlein is correct about the increase of peer pressure due to technology, he is mistaken about how technology is making the younger generation unintelligent.
Moore uses a great deal of data and logos strategies to alarm the reader. Michael Moore’s overall essay is based on his pathos arguments. He is highly irritated and in disbelief of the education system. The author uses one of the most common and easy to read strategy. First, he makes a logo standpoint and then supports his argument with pathos. He does this so that the reader is engaged and taken aback by his logo argument then is in agreement with his pathos argument that follows.
The way the mind works is through a set of processes, which are steps that must be taken in order for the function it is producing to be accomplished successfully. These processes are related to those that society must be willing to take in order to achieve a desired goal, otherwise known as the ‘struggle’. Younger generations, called Generation Me, develop narcissist views that did not allow for the ‘struggle’ to be considered in their generation. The basis for this mindset is introduced by author Jean Twenge in her essay, “An Army of One: Me”, as she described the gap that occurred between Baby Boomer parents and their GenMe children. This communication was severed because GenMe was taught that their ideas are the best, and therefore not debatable. This translates to differences in opinion and results in individualism. When those individuals do not work together, as demonstrated by Deborah Tannen, author of “The Roots of Debate in Education and The Hope of Dialogue”, they tend to have a weak sense of debate because they stick up for themselves. As a diagnosis to this problem of disconnectedness, Nicholas Carr, author of “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” decides that our society has begun to skip steps in the process of learning and in particular, the ‘struggle’ that produces the desired outcome. The disconnectedness that has developed in society has caused the loss of real learning, and the problem based on the generation gap introduced by Twenge altered the struggle that is necessary to accomplish, which Tannen believes in and where Carr determines real learning can occur.
Graff begins by talking about the educational system, and why it flawed in many ways, but in particular, one: Todays schools overlook the intellectual potential of street smart students, and how shaping lessons to work more readily with how people actually learn, we could develop into something capable of competing with the world. In schools, students are forced to recite and remember dull and subject heavy works in order to prepare them for the future, and for higher education. “We associate the educated life, the life of the mind, too narrowly and exclusively with subjects and texts that we consider inherently weighty and academic. We assume that it’s possible to wax intellectual about Plato, Shakespeare, the French Revolution, and nuclear fission, but not about cars, dating, fashion, sports, TV, or video games.” (Graff, 198-199) In everyday life, students are able to learn and teach themselves something new everyday. It is those students, the “young person who is impressively “street smart” but does poorly in school” (Graff, 198), that we are sweeping away from education and forcing to seek life in places that are generally less successful than those who attend a college or university.
The Manufactured Crisis by David Berliner and Bruce Biddle is planned on taking on, head to head, a conservative stance on education and the supposed myth that American students are behind intellectually on the global scale. Many people hear it in the news or just in everyday small talk, American students are failing and the public education systems is corrupt, crumbling and is to blame for the failure of American students in their academic ventures. The myth has stemmed from the wave of conservatism the hit the United States in the 1980’s. More specifically what is claimed on the book as “the mother of all critiques”, 1983 A Nation at Risk, which was education reforms based out of the conservatism of the Reagan presidency which was supported by the Secretary of education at the time, Terrel Bell. The risk was that American students were falling behind exponentially in academic areas such as Science, Mathematics, and Business due to the failing public education system and the educators themselves. Several main points are discussed within The Manufactured Crisis. Most of the points are counter arguments to the infamous proposal to education reform, A Nation at Risk. Berliner and Biddle discuss the big faults in the Nation at Risk and disprove the hoax
In his essay “Against School,” John Taylor Gatto illustrates his view point that the American population would be better off by managing their own education. He compares the school system to the concept of boredom; that students as well as teachers are victims of the long ago adopted Prussian educational system: “We suppress our genius only because we haven’t yet figured out how to manage a population of educated men and women. The solution, I think, is simply and glorious. Let them manage themselves.” In other words, Gatto believes that the main reason for the existence of schooling consists in that it trains our children to be obedient citizens who can’t think on their own. His point is that as a society we cut off the intelligence and creativity
The author argues that certain decision leads to vast amount of untapped human potential and limits success to few who are selected unjustly. This example supports “Mathews Effect”. The Gladwell’s example of Bill Gates proves the “10,000 Hour Rule”, He explained that the timing and opportunity played a huge role to become an expert at computer programming. Bill Gates had access to computers decades before computers became mainstream. Such a timing helped him capture the opportunity to master the tool of trade and put him in the perfect position to start Microsoft. The Gladwell’s example of experiment by Lewis Terman, He argues about that a person’s IQ have a limited control over success. He claims that there is a minimal difference in the levels of success attained by those with IQs between 125 and 170. The author adds that IQ cannot efficiently measure person’s creativity. A person who has a high IQ does not mean that it has a high chance of winning a Nobel Prize because other kind of intelligence matter too. With the help of these facts, Gladwell proves that the relationship between IQ and success is
Co-author of “They Say/I Say” handbook, Gerald Graff, analyzes in his essay “Hidden Intellectualism” that “street smarts” can be used for more efficient learning and can be a valuable tool to train students to “get hooked on reading and writing” (Graff 204). Graff’s purpose is to portray to his audience that knowing more about cars, TV, fashion, and etc. than “academic work” is not the detriment to the learning process that colleges and schools can see it to be (198). This knowledge can be an important teaching assistant and can facilitate the grasping of new concepts and help to prepare students to expand their interests and write with better quality in the future. Graff clarifies his reasoning by indicating, “Give me the student anytime who writes a sharply argued, sociologically acute analysis of an issue in Source over the student who writes a life-less explication of Hamlet or Socrates’ Apology” (205). Graff adopts a jovial tone to lure in his readers and describe how this overlooked intelligence can spark a passion in students to become interested in formal and academic topics. He uses ethos, pathos, and logos to establish his credibility, appeal emotionally to his readers, and appeal to logic by makes claims, providing evidence, and backing his statements up with reasoning.
As stated in my introductory paragraphs, both authors examine the academic motivation of student athletes, but focus their arguments on different aspects. Since both authors agree on the fact that athletics make big impacts, it makes it harder to choose one argument over the other. Both Flynn and Herbert D. Simon’s have similar ideas in which they discuss, but they add their own opinions. Both authors have a strong agreement but the way they present their ideas are completely diverse.
Hatt, Beth. (2007). Street smarts vs. book smarts: The figured world of smartness in the lives