1 INTRODUCTION
The essay will discuss the reasons why governments embark on alternative service delivery mechanisms. In addition to that, the essay will identify suitable examples, and provide a clear discussion concerning the role/s played by voluntary organizations and private contractors in promoting service delivery. ASD enables the government to render quality services to the public by optimising service costs to be efficient and effective. The essay will begin by defining key terms that are related to the topic and move to the explanation of ASD and further discuss the different mechanisms that can be used. The essays will further conclude by suggesting some solutions.
2 DEFINITION OF TERMS
A number of terms will be used throughout the essays. It is necessary that these terms be defined. Thus, the following aspect of the essay is going to define the terms, Alternative service delivery, Private contractors, Voluntary organisations, Government.
2.1 Alternative service delivery
“ASD can be defined as a creative and dynamic process of public sector restructuring that improves the delivery of services to citizens (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat 2007: internet source)”.
2.2 Private contractors
Harsch (2008:14) defines private contractors as “a subordinate, organisation or a company that functions to render certain specific services to another institution in which terms and condition are specified in a contract and finalised with a verbal agreement “.
2.3 Voluntary organisations
Schuppert (2000:33) defines voluntary organisations as “Organisations that aim to provide quality services to the disadvantaged communities without the expectation of rewards, income or compensation that either comes from the government.”
2.4 Gover...
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...onment. The use of such technologies can provide certain aspects of different use, for instance improved service delivery, concrete interactions with business and industry, citizen’s empowerment through the provision of accessible information, or transparent government operations. The proactive benefits of this approach can include the minimisation of corruption, revenue growth, cost reduction, improved transparency, and more convenient use of resources. E-Governance is also about the provision of public access through the use of internet to access information concerning all types of services rendered by the central government department along with heir agencies. This enables the citizens to execute certain transactions for those services being rendered, for instance by paying tax, obtaining a passport and claiming and receiving benefits (Ford and Zussman 1997:38).
The new public management states that, “cities are growing more and more like corporations referring to citizens as customers in the sense that they are providing product or goods (services) to the customer (taxpayers).” This had led to an increased demand for better quality at the lowest cost to the taxpayer. When looking at cost saving and alternative delivery municipalities must make a hard decision when choosing to contract out essential services.
Nonprofit and voluntary type organizations play a major and integral role in American society. Each group exists today because they were established with the desire to help those in need by providing products, good and services. In the article “Toward Nonprofit Reform in Voluntary Spirit: Lessons From the Internet”, the authors stated the that nonprofit and the voluntary sector can include professional, the paid nonprofit, and grassroots organizations (Brainard & Siplon, 2004, p. 435). Even though these organizations may have the same or similar structures, I will compare and contrast the economic and political difference and similarity between the two.
D1: I have decided to look at a 6 year old going through bereavement. Bereavement means to lose an individual very close to you. When children go through bereavement they are most likely to feel sad and upset about the person’s death. Children at a young age may not understand when a family member dies. Children may not understand bereavement. For example a 6 year old’s father been in a car crash and has died from that incident. Death is unpredictable and children can’t be prepared for a death of a family member as no one knows when someone is going to die or not. Unfortunately every child can experience bereavement even when a pet dies. It is important that we are aware that effects on the child so we can support them in the aftermath.
What does ‘care’ mean? Care is the provision of what is necessary for your health, welfare and protection of someone or something. However when you talk about ‘care’ in a care practice the term changes and becomes more about enabling people to meet all their needs which would refer to their social, physical, emotional, cognitive and cultural needs. The individual is central to the meaning of care in this context.
The Case for Bureaucracy, published in 2004, is more academic than the other book. It demonstrates that the quality of the public services in America has been underestimated with positive literature. The author believes that bureaucracy is not the cause of the crisis of public services. Beating the System, published in 2005, focuses on the perspectives of citizens who were beaten by the system (bureaucracy) and their strategies of fighting
Outsourcing is to contract out some of company’s activities to a third party company. The company who outsourced and the third party who is going to handle the activities for the company are joined by means of an outsourcing arrangement.
...r pillars of public administration are equally important in the process of public administration and complement one another in the provision of quality public service. When public administrators have economy in mind they focus on the best combination of available resources to provide optimum public service. To ensure that public service is not limited to only a section of the public, the issue of equity is taken into consideration so that public interest is realized. Efficiency and effectiveness additionally go hand in hand in ensuring that allocated resources are used in the best possible manner to attain set goals. Thus whereas the first three public administration pillars – Economy, efficiency and effectiveness are concerned with how public service is provided the fourth and most recent addition (Equity) concerns with for whom public service is provided.
In an effort to reduce costs, enhance efficiency or improve services, many states have started privatizing or contracting out many of their social service programs. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 greatly influenced agencies to explore contracting out as a means of delivering services. Privatization is not a new concept for social services, however, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act gives states more flexibility to administer TANF and other related services. (Yates, 1)
While the social sector contributes significantly to societal well-being, traditional approaches have proven unable to fully address critical social problems or deal effectively with increased need. In the past, good intentions were enough; however, the recent push towards increased organizational transparency and accountability left stakeholders – politicians, government contract administrators, leaders in the social sector, and service recipients – demanding more. This created a paradigm shift, both internal to and external to the sector, in the expectations for social sector providers. Not only do organizations need more entrepreneurial approaches to provide innovative and more efficient ways of tackling difficult social problems, but also a commitment to increased outcomes-based program performance assessment.
There are many forms of alternate health care that help people treat their illness. Physicians don’t like to recognize these treatments as real cures, but if a treatment is helping someone that isn’t a main stream part of the medical industry you should still take advantage of it. This paper will show different types of alternate health care, what advantages they have, and why they are no reasons it shouldn’t be part of main stream medicine.
This essay discusses the radical transformation of the principles and foundations of public administration from traditional to New Public Management. Firstly the essay will attempt to define the key terms of traditional public administration and the doctrine of New Public Management. Rabin J. (2003) explains that New Public Management embodies “a process in public administration that uses information and experiences obtained in business management and other disciplines to improve efficiency, usefulness and general operation of public services in contemporary bureaucracies.“Traditional Public Administration progresses from governmental contributions, with services perceived by the bureaucracy.
The lack of service delivery is a vital subject that is tackled by countless residents and government officials. Thus, distinct methods are needed to safeguard that services are delivered below the leadership of local government. The purpose if this essay is to converse about the reasons why governments commence on Alternative service delivery mechanisms. This will be accomplished by bestowing definitions of precise concepts by also considering technological improvements as Alternative service delivery methods. Furthermore, this essay will recognize alongside suitable examples, the acts played by voluntary associations and private contractors in advancing competent and effectual ability to deliver services.
Since the 1980s vast change initiatives has been undertaken in the public sector of the developed countries. The inflexible, hierarchical and bureaucratic form of Public management which was common during the twentieth century is shifting to more flexible, market-oriented form of public management. This dramatic shift alters the role of government and the relationship between government and citizens. Traditional public administration has been questioned in practice, and the acceptance of new public management means the rise of a new model in public sector management (Hughes, 1998).
Public policy can be defined as “What ever governments choose to do or not do” (Dye, 2008, p 2). In the context of this essay, public policies are a set of actors by the government in order to reach out to the masses. The ministries and departments are mandated to deliver specific mandates in the form of public goods and services.
The public sector faces an increasing pressure to run government like a business; to be more cost efficient, as small as possible, competitive, entrepreneurial, and focused on customer satisfaction. When the focus shifts to incorporating business practices in public administration, the quality of the public service decreases and the interaction becomes less about a commitment to public service and more like the manufacture and marketing of a product.