In this scatter graph of the data, the blood alcohol concentration’s pattern with relations to time is easy to identify as it reaches a peak rapidly and gradually decreases.
With this basic relationship in mind, I will now address assumptions I am making for my model to work and not involve highly complicated factors.
Model Assumptions:
Assume the assimilation of alcohol in our gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestines) is a process of first-order kinetics, which means that the alcohol assimilation rate in our gastrointestinal tract is positively proportional to the amount of alcohol in our gastrointestinal tract;
Ignore the fact that there is a delay in time between the consumption of alcohol until the digestion of alcohol;
Ignore
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the impact of food intake on the assimilation rate of alcohol, as the influence is hard to measure; Ignore the gender of the person being measured, as the influence of gender on alcohol absorption is difficult to measure; Ignore the impact of breathing and urination on the total amount of alcohol, as there is minimal impact of these two ways of reducing alcohol amount.
Symbols for this model:
n: Number of drinks;
m: Alcohol concentration per bottle (mg);
f: Alcohol absorption rate;
r: The times of drinking when drinking multiple portions/times;
V: Volume of person’s body fluid (deciliter/100mL);
kο: Alcohol absorption constant;
k: Alcohol removal constant;
Ai: Blood alcohol concentration before the ith time drinking;
Wi: Gastrointestinal tract alcohol concentration before the ith time
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drinking. Now, with all the symbols and assumptions needed in the model explained, we can start analyzing the issue presented at the start of the IA.
It is obvious, that the reasons X’s blood alcohol concentration was over the limit was that the initial alcohol concentration before he started drinking at lunch and dinner were different, the total duration for each time he drank was different, and the times he drank was different. When the beer was drank within a short period of time, the alcohol amount in X’s gastrointestinal tract would be fnm, and can be solved using first-order kinetics and differential equations, which is something we recently learned in IB Mathematics class. However, when the beer is drank in multiple portions/times with the same time different between each time throughout a long period of time, the question needs to be solved using a superposition method, which is something I learned in Physics but can be easily applied into
Mathematics. Alcohol is a chemical substance that many people drink. But how does our body really process it that makes it different from food? Once alcohol is swallowed, it travels down our throat into our stomach and small intestine. Here, alcohol diverges from the normal digestive process and goes straight into our bloodstream and kidney, where it is then broken down. Here is a brief graph to represent this process with relations to symbols mentioned previously:
Anne Zhang 3/6/14 BSGE 7-1 Lab Report Problem Paragraph 1 Question: What is the effect of temperature on the dissolving time of an Alka-Seltzer? Alka-Seltzer is made up of baking soda, aspirin, and citric acid which gives the tablet the fizz when dropped in any temperature water. “Alka-Seltzer is a medication that works as a pain reliever and an antacid.
That familiar fizzing you hear when you drop an Alka Seltzer tablet into a glass of water is the result of a chemical reaction, and chemical reactions are extremely prevalent when it comes to what living things do to carry out life processes. In addition, environmental conditions can alter the results of chemical reactions, and in this lab, we will be answering the
Thorough analysis of the graph displayed enough evidence suggesting that an increase in substrate concentration will increase the height of bubbles until it reaches the optimum amount of substrate concentration, resulting in a plateau in the graphs (figure 2). Hence; supported the hypothesis.
1. Alcohol is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.
Most alcoholics proceed to a stage where their brains or their bodies have been so harmed by alcohol that the effects persist even when they are not drinking. This stage may be reached...
According to the graph on amylase activity at various enzyme concentration (graph 1), the increase of enzyme dilution results in a slower decrease of amylose percentage. Looking at the graph, the amylose percentage decreases at a fast rate with the undiluted enzyme. However, the enzyme dilution with a concentration of 1:3 decreased at a slow rate over time. Additionally, the higher the enzyme dilution, the higher the amylose percentage. For example, in the graph it can be seen that the enzyme dilution with a 1:9 concentration increased over time. However, there is a drastic increase after four minutes, but this is most likely a result of the error that was encountered during the experiment. The undiluted enzyme and the enzyme dilution had a low amylose percentage because there was high enzyme activity. Also, there was an increase in amylose percentage with the enzyme dilution with a 1: 9 concentrations because there was low enzyme activity.
In conclusion table 10-1 on page 292 list the three types of models. These models provide
Roger E. Meyer writes this article to explain the effects of alcohol and how it affects the body. Once alcohol is taken into the body it is absorbed from the stomach and the small intestine and into the bloodstream. If too much alcohol is taken in the stomach may secrete a mucous that will slow absorption. One tenth of the alcohol exits form the body as sweat or urine, as the rest is slowly broken down by the body. This article and information can be helpful to me because it will give me a background and information on alcohol and what happens when one consumes it.
"Alcohol's Effects on the Body." National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2013. . (tags: none | edit tags)
The three basic nutritional components found in food--carbohydrates, proteins, and fats--are used as energy after being converted to simpler products. Some alcoholics ingest as much as 50 percent of their total daily calories from alcohol, often neglecting important foods. Even when food intake is adequate, alcohol can damage the mechanisms by which the body controls blood glucose levels, resulting in either increased or decreased blood glucose (glucose is the body's principal sugar. As a result, alcohol causes the brain and other body tissue to be deprived of glucose needed for energy and function. Although alcohol is an energy source, how the body processes and uses the energy from alcohol is more complex than can be explained by a simple calorie conversion value. For example, alcohol provides an average of 20 percent of the calories in the diet of the upper third of drinking Americans, and we might expect many drinkers who consume such amounts to be obese. Instead, national data indicate that, despite higher caloric intake, drinkers are no more obese than nondrinkers. Also, when alcohol is substituted for carbohydrates, calorie for calorie, subjects tend to lose weight, indicating that they derive less energy from alcohol than from food
Alcohol is an ethanol containing substance that is a common beverage in many social and private settings. Alcohol is also a teratogen, therefore alcohol co...
Observing people using alcohol was quite simple. The game plan was basically visit a bar and start taking notes. I brought a small spiral notebook to mark down times and little notes. However, motivations behind binge drinking was my topic, not people consuming alcohol. So, observing people binge drinking was harder than I anticipated because the little time I spent observing, as well as not knowing how many drinks one had already consumed prior to the start of my observations. Due to my busy schedule, I had to break my observation sessions into three nights. I chose to conduct my observations at the Main Street Pub, Peppino’s Pizzeria, and Buffalo Wild Wings during the weekend in order to ensure that I would be observing people consuming alcohol.
Ethanol is the only alcohol that can be drunk safely and is found in all alcoholic drinks. Throughout this investigation I am going to investigate to different factors that affect the breakdown of an alcohol. [IMAGE]e.g. Methane (HCO) + Oxygen (O2) Carbon dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) Aim --- I am going to investigate increasing the chain length and see what effect there is on the heat of combustion.
(2004, October ). The. Retrieved 2012, from Alcohol Alert: http://pubs.niaa.nih.gov/publications/aa63/aa63.htm. Zelman, K. (1995, Dec).
According to the article The Deadly Drinking Mistakes Smart Girls Make by Nicole Blades, there are several risks an individual runs when consuming alcohol. For instance, if someone is not a frequent drinker or are a light drinker, they could be at an even greater risk of alcohol poisoning than the average consumer because they either don’t know their limits or are not able to tolerate alcohol in high doses. Genes, gender, and weight are all factors that affect how quickly your body processes alcohol and for most beginning drinkers, they are unaware of how much their body can handle. They also generally tend to misinterpret the signs of when enough drinks are enough due to their inexperience’s, causing for greater risk of alcohol poisoning. Drinking alcohol without time in between can also be deadly because your body doesn’t have enough time to metabolize the alcohol, causing it to circulate throughout your body at a rapid pace. This can lead to “loss of inhibitions and euphoria, followed by ...