Albinism
The word "albinism" refers to a group of inherited conditions. People with albinism have little or no pigment in their eyes, skin, or hair. They have inherited genes that do not make the usual amounts of a pigment called melanin.
One person in 17,000 has some type of albinism. Albinism affects people from all races. Most children with albinism are born to parents who have normal hair and eye color for their ethnic backgrounds. Albinism is found on the eleventh chromosome, section q, loci 14-21.
Oculocutaneous albinism involves the eyes, hair, and skin. Ocular albinism involves primarily the eye. People with ocular albinism may have slight lightening of hair and skin colors as well, compared to other family members. At present researchers have found 10 different types of oculocutaneous albinism, and five types of ocular albinism. Newer laboratory research studying DNA has shown that there are numerous types of changes in the genes of those with albinism, including within families.
The most common types of oculocutaneous albinism are called "ty-negative" and "ty-positive". Persons with ty-negative albinism have no melanin pigmentation, and more difficulty with vision. Those with ty-positive albinism have very slight pigmentation, and generally less severe visual difficulties.
Tests were done on the hair roots of individuals with albinism, to tell these types of albinism apart. However, these hair tests cannot identify types of albinism, particularly in young children, whose pigment systems are immature.
Therefore hair tests are not helpful in predicting the extent of visual disability of a child.
"Ty-Neg" (also called Type 1A) albinism results from a genetic defect in an enzyme called tyrosinase. Tyrosinase helps the body to change the amino acid tyrosine into pigment. The genetic defect that causes albinism in other types of albinism is unknown, but it is speculated that it involves other enzymes used to make pigment.
Albinism is passed from parents to their children through genes. For nearly all types of albinism both parents must carry an albinism gene to have a child with albinism. Parents may have normal pigmentation but still carry the gene. When both parents carry the gene, and neither parent has albinism, there is a one in four chance at each pregnancy that the baby will be born with albinism. This type of inheritance is called autosomal recessive inheritance.
If a parent has a child with albinism, it means the parent must carry the albinism gene. Until recently, unless a person has albinism or has a child with albinism, there was no way of knowing whether he or she carries the gene
The hair of the scalp is longer and more flexible, while the hair of the eyebrows tends to be short and stiff. Oval shaped hair shafts produce wavy hair, flat hair shafts create curly hair and hair shafts that are perfectly round create straight hair. There are also different types of melanin, a natural compound responsible for the production of color in the eyes, skin and hair. There is yellow, brown and black melanin, each produced by melanocytes located at the follicle base. With age, melanin production decreases, causing greying of hair. (Applegate & Saunders, 2001, pp
...be also highly affected in people with albinism. Usually people with albinism wait until the sunsets to go outside to do some of these activities. Some individuals with albinism have problems with emotional regulation skills which is mainly affected by the way society react to their looks.
In the book it says "They can spend a whole lifetime worrying whether they 're carriers, and then we come along and offer them a test. Recessives and X-linked. Look what they 're doing with fragile-X nowadays. And cystic fibrosis. Just imagine the commercial possibilities if you can design and patent a probe for something like Gaucher 's disease...(69)" Recessive traits is the phenotype is seen only a homozygous recessive genotype for the traits of the interest is present. The booked talked about two of three diseases that are most common in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. The first one is Cystic fibrosis which is an inherited life-threatening disorder that effects the lungs and the digestive system. The other one mention in the book that wasn’t mention in class was Gaucher 's disease. Gaucher 's disease is a build up of fatty substances in your organs, usually in you spleen and liver. Which causes them to become bigger affecting their function. The last one that we learned in class was Tay-Sachs disease, which is a rare inherited disorder that destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal
Retinitis pigmentosa can be caused in a person in numerous ways. It normally runs in families, however, it can also be caused from a mutation. We believe my grandmother developed the disorder from a genetic mutation, as no one else in my family has ever had the disorder or has developed it as of...
Albinism is a genetic condition present at birth, characterized by a small amount of melanin pigment in the skin, hair and eye. Albinism is an occasional inborn sickness related with vision difficult, which affect one in seventeen thousand persons. It is not a contagious disease and cannot be spread over contact. Albinism affects individuals from all races. Most folks with albinism have parents with a normal color of skin. Some may not even recognize that they are Albino until later on in their life. This paper will be based on the study of albinism, causes, types, the genetic transmission and some possible medical problem.
There are some very good reasons why you might want to ditch the idea of using trigger warnings. The biggest issue being that if you are being triggered by something in a college level class, you don’t need the school to step up and take care of you, you should be going to therapy. The class reading by Sarah Roff told us that one of the hallmarks of PTSD is avoidance. For example, if you’ve had something so traumatic happen you that you get PTSD from it, you’ll go out of your way to avoid situations that remind you of that event. By offering a trigger warning, the school becomes complicit in fostering an environment that makes it easier to not seek treatment. On these grounds it becomes a moral issue. The world can be a terrible place and if you are in no shape to be looking at parts of it, you should take some time off until you are ready for
Have you ever wondered what the difference is between organic and non organic food? Some may say there aren’t any differences in the food itself, but the real difference lies in the means of producing the food. The controversy here is the environmental effects of different farming methods. Some believe that organic farming methods are better than conventional farming methods and some believe the opposite. There are many factors to determine which method is better but we are here to investigate the environmental aspect of the question. In short organic farming is a method of farming where the techniques used are less damaging to the environment by not using synthetic chemical fertilizers and herbicides and limiting the amount of pesticides. Conventional farming is the method of farming that uses synthetic fertilizers pesticides and herbicides to ensure the production of higher yield crops. Conventional farmers often use genetic mutated seeds to cut the cost of chemical pesticides and increase the size of the fruit to be harvested. There are many pros and cons to both sides of this issue but after researching I will say that I believe that organic farming is definitely the way to go. Not only is it better for your own personal health through the consumption of the products derived from the methods used, it is also less damaging to the environment in many ways.
middle of paper ... ... avour of "purity of the race" idea, but they understand how it worked. Blond hair and blue eyes are recessive genes. Two brown-eyed people can give birth to a blue-eyed child, but two blue-eyed people cannot give birth to a brown-eyed child. Dark skin and dark hair are also dominant genes, so because of evolution, it must mean that the ancestors of humanity had dominant genes.
Albinism is a very serious disease that could end up in death. Albinism is a recessive inherited defect in melanin, which is metabolism in which pigment is absent from skin, hair, and eyes. Albinism in hair, skin, and eyes is called oculocutaneous albinism. Humans that have oculocotaneous albinism are not able to produce melanin. These people have white, yellow, or yellow brown hair, very light ( usually blue ) eyes, and very pale skin. Their eyes may appear pink because they have very little pigment.
Neuman’s Systems model is comprehensive and dynamic which makes it ideal for both in and out patient settings. In the high stress and high acuity environment of the Intensive Care Unit, ICU, applying such a model can help retain a holistic focus on patients and understanding both actual and perceived stressors in an attempt to regain wellness. Although considered a large deviation from baseline wellness the role of the ICU nurse is to assist patients as far as possible towards wellness, transitioning to lower levels of care with goal of returning home. Author Paul Fulbrook (1991) used the Systems Model to create a unit philosophy that reflected a holistic view and also created a standardized worksheet, to help nurses create a personalized care plan based on each metaparadigm concept in addition to Neuman’s variables, lines of defense and resistance and actual or perceived stressors. (Figures 2-4) The adaptation of the Systems Model in the Portsmouth ICU, helped nurses develop an individualized plan of care and improved total care of both patient and
The theory has generated various studies from different disciplines such as developing frameworks for nurse resilience (Turner & Kaylor, 2015), complex adaptive systems (Florczak, Poradzisz, & Hampson, 2012), quantitative research on Neuman’s lines of defense and resistance (Gigliotti, 2012), medieval metaphor in simulation debriefing (McClure & Gigliotti, 2012), and developing assessment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting through NSM (Bourdeanu & Dee, 2013). There are a lot of current studies today that continually use NSM into developing new middle-range theories to guide education, research and practice which suggest a growth and change within disciplines. In addition, the value of Neuman’s theory is most applicable in a world that is ever-hanging. Because the world is in constant evolution, various ways of assessing primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention to risk factors are significant to nursing practice. NSM will advance a global agenda for wellness that prevent further complications and increase client satisfaction (Lowry, Beckman, Gehrling & Fawcett, 2007, p. 227). Helping clients achieve an optimal stability with NSM-guided nursing practice is also accomplished by fostering global and national collaboration among various disciplines. Furthermore, it is predicted that by 2050, an increase in wide dichotomy in interpersonal connection will exist. Because of this, nurses guided by NSM are keys to
For years organic farmers and conventional farmers have feuded over which is superior. Organic farmers argue that their product is more eco-friendly because they do not use the synthetic chemicals and fertilizers conventional farmer’s use. Conventional farmers argue that their product is healthier and yields more. People tend to have stereotypes regarding the two types of farmers. Organic farmers are usually thought of as liberal, hippy, tree-huggers while conventional farmers are usually thought of as right-wing, industrialists. Obviously, some do adhere to this stereotype, but a majority of these farmers are normal, hardworking people. Although these farmers, both believe in their methods, one is no better than the other. There are advantages and disadvantages to both, but there is no true superior method of crop farming.
The Neuman Systems Model provides a systematic approach to nursing research and practice that allows for empirical research and data collection. This model has been used to develop several middle range theories; it also encourages evidence-based practice and outcomes (Ume-Nwagbo, DeWan, & Lowry, 2006). Neuman (2007, p. 112) states, “Theory-based care activities will scientifically validate a science of nursing, helping close the gap between practice and education.” Continued research is needed to support and refine the concepts that produce theory-based nursing interventions in nursing practice. The Neuman Systems Model Research Institute is committed to encouraging research that is focused on obtaining new nursing knowledge based on the Neuman Systems Model and derived middle-range theories (Neuman & Fawcett,
The second one is beta thalassemia. This occurs when similar gene defects affect production of the beta globin protein. It happens mostly in people of Mediterranean origin, Chinese, other Asians, and African Americans. You need both alpha- and beta-globin to make hemoglobin. If you have one damaged gene, you may have mild anemia and probably won't need treatment. This is called beta thalassemia minor or beta thalassemia trait. It happens when you get a normal gene from one parent and a thalassemia gene from the other. When both genes are damaged, it means you got a thalassemia gene from each parent. You may have moderate or severe anemia. If you have moderate anemia, you may n...
Organic agriculture is the oldest form of agriculture on our planet. Until post World War II, farming without harmful petroleum based sources was the only way of farming. There were no hazardous fertilizers and pesticides made from petroleum based products. During World War II many agricultural technologies were created. For example, ammonium used for munitions during World War II evolved into nitrate fertilizer and organophosphate production led to the creation of strong insecticides. These technical advances have resulted in economic gains at the cost of severe environmental and social consequences.