Alan Turing was a computer scientist and a pioneer in computer science. Turing, along with Alonzo Church, developed a central hypothesis of binary computing machinery applicability. During World War II, he developed a machine that helped break the German Enigma code. He also laid the groundwork for modern computing and theorized about artificial intelligence. However, until recently, it was not well-known that Turing committed suicide. During his lifetime, it was uncommon for any person to live openly as a homosexual. Yet Turing did live as an openly gay man during a time when homosexual acts were illegal in Britain, Turing committed suicide after begin convicted of "gross indecency" and sentenced to a procedure some call "chemical castration." He has since become a martyred hero of the gay community. In late 2013, nearly 60 years after his death, Queen Elizabeth II formally pardoned him. …show more content…
Much more than his homosexuality and suicide, Turing is known as the creator of the "Turing test." Turing engaged in philosophical discussions about whether or not machines could think like a human brain.
He created a test to address this question. Turing proposed that if a computing machine acted, reacted and interacted like a sentient being, then it was sentient. One of the first Turing tests consists of the following steps. An interrogator asks questions of another person and a computer. The questioner then must distinguish between the human and the computer based on their replies to his questions. If the computer can "fool" the interrogator, it is intelligent. Today, the Turing Test is at the heart of discussions about artificial
intelligence.
John Von Neumann was a very famous mathematician/ scientist whose work influenced theories and formulas we still use in the 21st century. He worked with many other influential mathematicians and scientists. His work influenced game theory, the quantum theory, automata theory, and defense planning. Von Neumann was a hard worker and was always working on new and old projects from when he began his career until the day he died.
Although homosexuality is not a mental disorder in and of itself, gay men and other men who have sex with men can present with poorer mental health outcomes as a result of social discrimination, rejection, isolation and marginalization.3 4, 5 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, gay men and other MSM are at increased risk for major depression, bipolar disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder, the common basis of which is likely homophobia.6 Sustained stress from this can also lead MSM to contemplate suicide or cope through substance use.7 Although providing appropriate mental health support for gay men and other MSM from a clinical perspective is similar to treating anyone else with mental challenges, it is critical to recognize the role that structural and social barriers play in exacerbating negative mental health outcomes among these individuals.
The Turing test was a test that allows humans to evaluate the question “can machines think?” Turing evaluates that one should not ask if machines can think, but conduct an experiment which can prove that it can think. In order to answer this question, Turing created
...ing Test and scientists of AI have different opinions about it. However there are some facts of which we can be sure of. The Turing Test was invented by a great scientist, it has had a long and rich history of 55 years and has played an important role in the science of Artificial Intelligence.
Webster's Collegiate Dictionary defines intelligence as the capacity to apprehend facts and propositions, to reason about them, and the ability to understand them and their relations to each other. A. M. Turing had this definition in mind when he made his predictions and designed his test, commonly known as the Turing test. His test is, in principle, simple. A group of judges converse with different entities, some computers and some human, without knowledge of which is which. The job of the judges is to discern which entity is a computer. Judges may ask them any question they like, "Are you a computer?" excepted, and the participants may answer with anything they like, and in turn, ask questions of the judges. The concept of the test is not difficult, but creating an entity capable of passing the test with current technology is virtually impossible.
middle of paper ... ...http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/turing+test?s=ts pg 417 Minds, Brains, and Programs. Searle, John. The. http://psych.utoronto.ca/users/reingold/courses/ai/turing.html http://www.iep.utm.edu/chineser/ http://www.iep.utm.edu/chineser/#SH2b
...at today is known as the Turing Test. This was a test where a person would ask questions from both a human and a machine without knowing which was which. If after a reasonable amount of time the difference between the two was not obvious, then the machine was thought to be somewhat intelligent. A version of this test is still used today by the Boston Museum of Computers to host a contest of the best artificial machines for the Loebner Prize.
Created by English mathematician Alan Turing, the Turing test (formerly known as the imitation game) is a behavioral approach that assesses a system’s ability to think. In doing so, it can determine whether or not that system is intelligent. This experiment initiated what is now commonly known as artificial intelligence.
In order to work on cracking the code Alan’s sexuality must be hidden deep in the closet. Alan Turing’s homosexuality makes up a big part of who he is. Turing always felt uncomfortable around other men, because his old friend Christopher was the only one that filled his heart with love. From a social conflict perspective, we can see how the
Alan Turing being the protagonist of this film undergoes many scenes of conflict which makes the film more appealing to the audience by allowing them to either relate to him or sympathise for him. There are many scenes where Turing is advised to keep his gender preference under the radar or even black mailed to keep quiet under the threat of telling authorities that he is a homosexual. There is a scene where Turing finds the Soviet Spy in Bletchley Park who turns out to be John Cairncross. Cairncross catches Turing before he spreads the secret and says "if you tell them my secret I'll tell them your's". Another example of black mail is when Stewart Menzies, who is in on Cairncross's undercover work, finds out of Turing's knowledge and blackmails Turing in the same way Cairncross did. These examples of the protagonist being seen in conflict makes the film more appealing to the audience by making the character seem more relatable as everyone in life come across different types of conflict and it is appealing to see how other people overcome their
To provide the necessary context for the design of the Turing Machine, one must study the history of its creator, Alan Turing. He was born on June 23, 1912, in the city of London. Although a very wise child,
It is a test conducted on AI to determine their ability to replicate human conversation and in some circles, is extrapolated to human consciousness. The Turing Test is when a human unknowingly interacts with an AI in some way as to communicate with it. The AI passes the Turing Test if an AI is “able to engage in sustained unstructured communication in a way that mimics human interaction so precisely as to make differentiation impossible without physical examination” (Boyle 6). The traits of a Turing capable AI is a personality, varied responses, and a glimpse at deeper thought. In Algorithms for Love Elena’s doll passes the Turing test without any doubt by the investigator.
...ere are gears used to select which numbers you want. Though Charles Babbage will always be credited with making the first “true” computer, and Bill Gates with popularizing it, Blaise Pascal will always have a place among the first true innovator of the computer. There is even a programming language called Pascal or Object Pascal which is an early computer program.
To start off, to be classified as a sentient being, one must exhibit intelligence. To start off it is important to acknowledge what the definition of intelligence is; intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. Data is fully composed of inorganic parts such as circuit boards, wiring, metal, sensors and so on, it is easier to say that Data is a walking and talking computer. On the subject of intelligence it is easier to refer to Data as a computer to determine whether or not it is intelligent. The debate on whether computers are intelligent or not is well supported on both sides of the argument.
Artificial intelligence is defined as developing computer programs to solve complex problems by applications of processes that are analogous to human reasoning processes. Roughly speaking, a computer is intelligent