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Alan Turing outline paper for computing machinery and intelligence
Alan Turing outline paper for computing machinery and intelligence
Alan turing can machines think
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Alan Turing was born June 23, 1912 in London, England. He was a bright child, often times misunderstood by his teachers while in grade school. He grew interested in mathematics while attending Sherborne School, which would be a driving force for him the rest of his life. His adult academic studies included getting an undergrad degree in mathematics at the University of Cambridge, and his Ph.D. of mathematical logic at Princeton University. His mathematical mind allowed him to have many amazing accomplishments in his lifetime; becoming the father of the modern day fields of computer science, artificial intelligence, and artificial life. His ideas in these fields didn’t have a huge impact in his lifetime; however his efforts to help the allied
World War I was a time of great hardship and strife for all nations involved. European countries were pitted against each other in a struggle to support their allies, and Britain was thrown into the fray barely a week after the war began. Throughout the four years of war, Britain proved to be an integral part of the Central Powers’ defeat—this, however, would not have been as easy without the assistance of Winston Churchill. A writer, politician, naval officer, and amateur scientist, Winston Churchill greatly influenced the outcome of the war through his time as the head of the British navy, assistance in creating the tank, and involvement with the British government.
John Von Neumann was a very famous mathematician/ scientist whose work influenced theories and formulas we still use in the 21st century. He worked with many other influential mathematicians and scientists. His work influenced game theory, the quantum theory, automata theory, and defense planning. Von Neumann was a hard worker and was always working on new and old projects from when he began his career until the day he died.
The conditions of the present scenario are as follows: a machine, Siri*, capable of passing the Turing test, is being insulted by a 10 year old boy, whose mother is questioning the appropriateness of punishing him for his behavior. We cannot answer the mother's question without speculating as to what A.M. Turing and John Searle, two 20th century philosophers whose views on artificial intelligence are starkly contrasting, would say about this predicament. Furthermore, we must provide fair and balanced consideration for both theorists’ viewpoints because, ultimately, neither side can be “correct” in this scenario. But before we compare hypothetical opinions, we must establish operant definitions for all parties involved. The characters in this scenario are the mother, referred to as Amy; the 10 year old boy, referred to as the Son; Turing and Searle; and Siri*, a machine that will be referred to as an “it,” to avoid an unintentional bias in favor of or against personhood. Now, to formulate plausible opinions that could emerge from Turing and Searle, we simply need to remember what tenants found their respective schools of thought and apply them logically to the given conditions of this scenario.
One of the hottest topics that modern science has been focusing on for a long time is the field of artificial intelligence, the study of intelligence in machines or, according to Minsky, “the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men”.(qtd in Copeland 1). Artificial Intelligence has a lot of applications and is used in many areas. “We often don’t notice it but AI is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that route our email.” (BBC 1). Different goals have been set for the science of Artificial Intelligence, but according to Whitby the most mentioned idea about the goal of AI is provided by the Turing Test. This test is also called the imitation game, since it is basically a game in which a computer imitates a conversating human. In an analysis of the Turing Test I will focus on its features, its historical background and the evaluation of its validity and importance.
Alan Mathison Turing was born in Paddington, London, on June 23, 1912. He was a precocious child and began his interests in science and mathematics at a young age, but was never concerned about other right-brain classes such as English. This continued until an important friend of his passed away and set Turing on a path to achieve what his friend could no longer accomplish. When his friend Christopher Morcom died, Turing was launched into thoughts in physics about the physical mind being embodied in matter and whether quantum-mechanical theory affects the traditional problem of mind and matter. Many say today that this was the beginnings of Turing’s Turning Machine and the test still used today for artificial intelligence, the Turing Test.
In the 1940s and 1950s scientists began to discuss the possibility of creating an artificial brain. Research sped up after neurologists discovered that the brain is an electrical network of neurons. Then, in 1950, Alan Turing published a paper in which he discussed the possibility of creating machines that think. Since "thinking" is difficult to define, he created the “Turing Test.” The test stated that a machine could “think” if it was able to carry on a teleprinter conversation that was indistinguishable from a human
Created by English mathematician Alan Turing, the Turing test (formerly known as the imitation game) is a behavioral approach that assesses a system’s ability to think. In doing so, it can determine whether or not that system is intelligent. This experiment initiated what is now commonly known as artificial intelligence.
Von Neumann was born in 1903 in Budapest, Hungary. His first mathematical paper was published, along with the help of his tutor, when he was 18. Von Neumann went on to study mathematics in college and eventually earned his PhD in mathematics with a minor in both physics and chemistry. Game Theory is said to have been developed by Von Neumann in 1944.
His efforts went unacknowledged; his invention of the computer wasn’t celebrated until someone else took credit for it; he never got the respect he deserved. The Imitation game is basically an arena of social conflict as well as social change when looking at sexuality, deviance, even gender. Just remember this movie was based on a true story. Alan Turing is a war hero that saved lives, simply due to the fact that the British government thought it was morally wrong that a man could ever love another man he died. Rest in peace, Mr. Turing who shall forever be celebrated. The movie was heart moving. Undeniably the best feature film I have seen that depicts the biography of Alan Turing perfectly, though this is just a matter of
Exploring the deep, dark realms of outer space, developing new energy efficient cars, and coding computers to make life easier are all areas of science that Elon Musk has effected. In his youth, his thirst for knowledge could not be quenched. He read every book and never ran out of questions to ask about the way machines worked. College life helped Elon Musk learn the skills he would need for the outside world. As a professional entrepreneur and the CEO of three companies, Elon Musk has effected almost every area of science. Throughout his life and career, Elon Musk continues to serve as a role model for people in all fields of scientific work.
Leonhard Euler was an outstanding mathematician. He was born on April 15, 1707 in the old city of Basel in Switzerland. His father Paul Euler was a Calvinist priest and an amateur mathematician. His early education and training was based on theology and related subjects. Because his father wants him to become a priest. That’s why he entered the University of Basel to study theology and Hebrew. At the age thirteen, he graduated from the University in philosophy major. Fortunately, famous University professor Johann Bernoulli recognized his early extraordinary ability in mathematics and physics. Who also gave him a private lesson in mathematics every Saturday afternoon. Johann Bernoulli soon realized that Euler would become a great mathematician
Turing produced some noteworthy achievements leading up to his involvement in World War II. Born June 23, 1912, Alan Mathison Turing was recognized by his preliminary and secondary school teachers for having a natural talent in the subjects of mathematics and science, while having mediocre talents in the non-sciences. In 1931, inspired by the death of a childhood friend who also had exemplary skills in the sciences, he decided to receive his undergraduate studies in Mathematics at the University of Cambridge's King's College, UK(Dyson, 459). In 1935, he became a fellow of King's University after completing a dissertation on the Central Limit Theorem which showcased his mathematical genius(Dyson, 459). That same year, his interest in solving David Hilbert's "decision problem" led to his paper, "On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem."
Alan Turing being the protagonist of this film undergoes many scenes of conflict which makes the film more appealing to the audience by allowing them to either relate to him or sympathise for him. There are many scenes where Turing is advised to keep his gender preference under the radar or even black mailed to keep quiet under the threat of telling authorities that he is a homosexual. There is a scene where Turing finds the Soviet Spy in Bletchley Park who turns out to be John Cairncross. Cairncross catches Turing before he spreads the secret and says "if you tell them my secret I'll tell them your's". Another example of black mail is when Stewart Menzies, who is in on Cairncross's undercover work, finds out of Turing's knowledge and blackmails Turing in the same way Cairncross did. These examples of the protagonist being seen in conflict makes the film more appealing to the audience by making the character seem more relatable as everyone in life come across different types of conflict and it is appealing to see how other people overcome their
To provide the necessary context for the design of the Turing Machine, one must study the history of its creator, Alan Turing. He was born on June 23, 1912, in the city of London. Although a very wise child,
Ada Lovelace was the daughter of famous poet at the time, Lord George Gordon Byron, and mother Anne Isabelle Milbanke, known as “the princess of parallelograms,” a mathematician. A few weeks after Ada Lovelace was born, her parents split. Her father left England and never returned. Women received inferior education that that of a man, but Isabelle Milbanke was more than able to give her daughter a superior education where she focused more on mathematics and science (Bellis). When Ada was 17, she was introduced to Mary Somerville, a Scottish astronomer and mathematician who’s party she heard Charles Babbage’s idea of the Analytic Engine, a new calculating engine (Toole). Charles Babbage, known as the father of computer invented the different calculators. Babbage became a mentor to Ada and helped her study advance math along with Augustus de Morgan, who was a professor at the University of London (Ada Lovelace Biography Mathematician, Computer Programmer (1815–1852)). In 1842, Charles Babbage presented in a seminar in Turin, his new developments on a new engine. Menabrea, an Italian, wrote a summary article of Babbage’s developments and published the article i...