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Social effects of the french revolution
Social effects of the french revolution
Ideas during the enlightenment
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The Age of Revolution effected a variety of cultures, manufacturers, and countries. Including France, Haiti, Latin America, the United States, and Mexico revolution sparked in a variety of reforms and uprisings. The period of Enlightenment and revolution was fostered through advancements in Science illustrated by Isaac Newton’s (1642-1727) Laws of Physics. Along with political and philosophical advancements by John Locke (1632-1704) with his Natural laws, Social Contract, and popular sovereignty, Voltaire’s (1694-1778) criticisms on the monarchy and Catholic church as oppressive institutions, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) views of power and how it resides with the people. All of these ideas brought forth a motion of change and reform …show more content…
The thirteen colonies upset by their mother countries blatant disregard of increased taxes and tariffs on goods began to separate into Tories (for separating) and Loyalist (against separating). Tensions escalated as public riots became blood baths commenced soon the disconnect of the monarchy was not just a physical and philosophical one but political as well. The American Revolution ended in 1783 with the treaty of Paris. The United States created a constitution based off of the social contract and many new enlightened ideas. Revolution continued to take hold and landed in France where political discontent rest. France currently dealing with a large financial crisis caused by the funding of the American Revolution along with bad harvests let to famine and starvation. However the economic downturn was felt not by the 1st or 2nd estates which were the clergy and nobility that make up 3% of Frances population but, by the 3rd estate or common wealth which was 97% of the population. While Marie Antoinette or madam deficit and King Louie XVI led lavish and expensive lives their common wealth was starving political and social up-rise began mostly based off of the enlightenment
The American Revolution began due to problems within the British economy. The most prevalent issue of the time was "taxation without representation". Unlike the leaders of America, the leaders of the French did not turn out to be as positive for the country. In fact, some of these leaders have caused much more harm than good.
...d estate was made up of a city-dwelling, well educated middle class called the bourgeoisie, the urban lower classes and the farmers, all of which made up about 80 percent of Frances population and yet received less money than both the other two states combined. This did not stop from the government taxing the population though and the burden of it fell mostly, if not almost all on the peasants. They lost half or more of their income in taxes and were forced to pay ridiculous taxes like feudal dues to the nobles, tithes to the church and royal taxes to the king?s agent and besides all this, peasants had to pay a certain tax which was paid in work rather than money. The two other estates on the other hand paid no or very little taxes thus the third estate all had reasons to hate the old regime. The French and American revolution was partly the outcomes of these resentments towards the government and was also the result of weak leadership at the top.
To begin, there were several contributing factors to the Revolution. Even though theorists have divergent opinions on the factors that started the rebellion, there are three widely accepted causes: financial status of the country, rapid overpopulation, and the relative unfairness of the French political system (“French Revolution,” Columbia). The French government was in great debt because it had assisted America in the American Revolution in the 1770s. Moreover, the underclass, made mostly of peasants and manual workers, worked increasing longer hours for less food. In addition, due to France’s bankruptcy, taxes increased, but some upper class citizens and institutions were exempt (Kreis). An increasing lack of food was primarily responsible due to an overpopulation of rural communities in the 1700s – over 80 percent of the twenty plus million French were concentrated in the rural areas (“Social Causes”). Furthermore, there was a series of relative droughts in the late 1700s, and one of the biggest occurred in 1788, just a year before the beginning of the Revolution (“French Revolution,” Encyclopaedia Britannica 1). Inversely, members of the upper class Bourgeoisie, composed of the nation’s small minority of noblemen, clergy, merchants, and professionals, found increases to their wealth due to an overall economic growth in the 18th century. Because of these tr...
John Beckett mentions that the Glorious Revolution has been considered a historical event related to the political issues. The main target of this historical event was to create a commercial freedom in Europe. After this revolution was done, trade relations in Europe went up, and the Bill of Rights was also created in 1689. Today, the Bill of Rights is shown and known that it was the first building stone for the British constitution because it limited the monarchic power. During the eighteenth century, the period of the Age of Enlightenment is considered between 1713 and 1789 because Anthony Pagden states that Europe was like a republic of states, and it was like a union acting together and talking with one voice. The Age of Enlightenment
]“Little by little, the old world crumbled, and not once did the king imagine that some of the pieces might fall on him.” – Jennifer Donnelly. The French Revolution was a time period in which the people of its country had enough. They ripped up the thousand-year-old monarchy and redesigned their country’s way of government. The French Revolution was a time of struggle for its people. King Louis XVI had essentially bankrupted the country with his lavish spending and his involvement in the American Revolution. While the king was living a luxurious life, his people couldn’t even eat. During this time the king had people heavy taxes on the Third Estate, which consisted of 98% of the population, causing the French citizens to resent the monarchy. This lead to riots, looting, and strikes in a stance for better living conditions. Women of France had a specific hatred of the queen, Marie Antoinette. In the early days of October 1789, thousands of Partisans, several of which were women, walked
... The American Revolution was fought from 1775-1789. The British wanted Americans to share the imperial expenses. The Americans did not like that so they fought for there freedom and they won. They won their independence. America’s greater political equality was matched by greater social and economic equality. By the time the American revolution ended in 1789 the French revolution began and went on until 1791. The French were influenced by the Americans so they decided to revolutionize too. By the 1780’s France’s government was nearly bankrupt as was the banking system. The French raised bread prices and prices on other essentials. France had to do something so they went to war. France did not endure the immediate successes the way the America did. Theirs was a more slow moving process but eventually they got there. These revolutions reinforced the enlightenment idea that a better life is out there.
This is definitely one of my personal favorites to write about so let's just hop right to the question. So as some may ask, what is the American Revolution? Well, I would like to say it is pretty self explanatory, but that would be irrelevant and most of all incorrect for me to even gesture that. The American Revolution was a political upheaval that took place between 1765 and 1783 during which colonists in the Thirteen American Colonies rejected the British monarchy and aristocracy. Now some may ask, was the American Revolution inevitable? Now based on research, John Adams, one of the central figures in the American Revolution, recalled that Americans were committed to independence in their hearts long before war broke out in America in 1775.
The revolution resulted, among other things, in the overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy in France and in the establishment of the First Republic. It was generated by a vast complex of causes, the most important of which were the inability of the ruling classes of nobility, clergy, and bourgeoisie to come to grips with the problems of state, the indecisive nature of the monarch, impoverishment of the workers, the intellectual ferment of the Age of Enlightenment, and the example of the American Revolution. Recent scholarship tends to downplay the social class struggle and emphasize political, cultural, ideological, and personality factors in the advent and unfolding of the conflict. The Revolution itself produced an equally vast complex of consequences.
The first underlying cause of the French Revolution was the Old Regime. The people of France were divided into three estates. The first estate was composed of the highest church officials. They held about ten percent of all the land in France. They paid no direct taxes to the royal government. The second estate was made up of nobles. They were only two percent of France’s population, but owned twenty percent of the land. They paid no taxes (Krieger 483). The third estate accounted for ninety-eight percent of France’s population. The third estate was divided into three groups; the middle class, known as the bourgeoisie, the urban lower classes, and the peasant farmers. The third estate lost about half their income in taxes. They paid feudal dues, royal taxes, and also owed the corvee, a form of tax paid with work (Krieger 484).
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, transport, and technology had a profound effect in North America. The industrial revolution marked a major turning point in history because it changed every aspect of life in America and the country as a whole. People started replacing ploughs and other tools for machines that could do twice the work. While others moved to large cities and started working in factories and other businesses. Huge industries such as the textile, steel, and coal industry came out and had a profound effect on the industrial revolution but, they would not have been extremely successful if it was not for railroads. The railroads played a vital role in the development and success of other industries. The railroads triggered the biggest leap in transportation in history. Through technological and entrepreneurial innovations and the creation of steam-powered locomotives, the development of trains as public carriers of passengers and freight, brought forth the railroad. The railroad industry changed the nature of production because it became an important energy source that replaced human and animal power. Due to the important role of the railroads, workers became more productive, items were being shipped more quickly, and resources were becoming available to everyone including the working and middle class and not only the wealthy. The railroads became to be known as one of the biggest leaps of transportation in history. This is because it set up the next fifty years of America’s prosperity. The railroads became extremely popular and useful during the 1800’s to millions of people and other large companies. Although there were many indu...
A revolution by definition is “a forcible, irregular, popularly supported change in the governing regime” (Van Inwegen 2011, p. 4). The Egyptian Revolution lasted a little over two weeks however, the revolution left thousands jailed and injured. The Egyptian Revolution was part of the Arab Spring, a period of time in which multiple Islamic countries across North Africa and the Middle East rose up against the tyrannical rule of dictators and martial law. The Egyptian Revolution’s main goal was to get the military dictator Hosni Mubarak who had been in power for over thirty years. The Egyptian Revolution was fueled by the use of social media by the younger generations, which used the said media outlets to plan rallies and get their stories to the masses. The young people of Egypt were not the only people who wanted to see the Mubarak regime to fall the laboring class also joined in on the protest which started the revolution (El-Bendary 2013). The Egyptian Revolution was successful since Mubarak was taken out of office but at the cost of thousands of lives. I want to look at both the violent and non-violent aspects of the revolution and how they allowed for the political change to
The population revolution was partly the result of better border policing, which reduced the movement of disease bearing animals
The French Revolution was a significant event in French history that lasted for years, and it started as a result of the spread of ideas from the Enlightenment and news of the success of the American Revolution influencing the already discontent people of France. The Third Estate of France was one of the three estates that existed before the revolution. And, while it consisted of an overwhelming majority of the population, they lacked the wealth to even consistently acquire food for themselves and were heavily taxed. This was far from equal to the other estates, as they, despite making up an extremely small percentage of the people of France, were wealthy, did not have to pay these taxes, and had a disproportionately increased amount of land compared to the larger estate. During meetings of the Estates-General, notwithstanding the vastly evident
The issue of origins of the American Revolution has always been controversial. According to Brinkley, starting from the beginning of 20th century, there can be distinguished two clearly different approaches to the problem of defining the grounds of the conflict (1993, p.145-146). The representatives of the first approach considered the Revolution to have been a political process. The main trigger of it was the ideology of the so-called patriots, who were founded on the political philosophy of republicanism. The second approach looked on the War of Independence as a social and economic phenomenon. According to its followers, the core motif of the struggle was the “no taxation without representation” principle. In this work, we will integrate both approaches with a view to exploring three major mistakes made by the British
Discontentment amongst the people of the Third Estate in France from 1788-1795 reached an apex, thus leading to a revolution. Ideology and actions converged within the Third Estate to form the basis of the insurgency that later took life and further entrenched the people. The French Revolution was a significant event of the Age of Revolutions that began with the American Revolution and heavily influenced by Enlightenment philosophy. Reasons for the discontent within the Third Estate include monetary issues like arduous taxation from nobility and the Church along with an inflation of prices due to immense state debt, visible divisions within the social hierarchy that limited rights of the Third Estate while giving power to the First and Second,