Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and feces. The word 'sanitation' also refers to the maintenance of hygienic conditions, through services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal. Access to sanitation has been recognized by the UN as a human right, a basic service required to live a normal life. The toilets and other sanitation facilities secure a healthy school environment and protect children’s from illness and exclusion. It also promotes healthy physical learning environment. The children’s who are healthy and well-nourished can fully participate in school and can get all the advantages from the school education. The construction of toilets also helps …show more content…
Human excreta encourages the transmission of many infectious diseases including cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, polio, cryptosporidiosis, and ascariasis. Diarrhea – a disease directly related to poor sanitation – kills one child every 20 seconds, i.e. more than 4,000 children every day. This amounts to more deaths than AIDS, malaria and measles combined. Lack of sanitation thwarts the right to dignity. Sick and elderly people face a loss of dignity when sanitation facilities are not available in the near vicinity. Open defecation also strikes out the privacy of an individual which is a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. The various environmental laws which have passed by the Indian Parliament and State Legislatures are based on the concept of recognition of clean environment as a ‘human right’ and ‘fundamental right’. Clean environment has been given emphasis by the Supreme Court in several of its judicial decisions and judicial opinions. Clean environment is the basic need for the survival of humanity and it cannot be ensured without ecological imbalance, thus, this right belongs to all as survival of mankind depends in clean, healthful or pollution-free
“The 1910 Report of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching… further heightened expectations for substantial improvements in the quality of medical care and in the general health of the population” ( Winkelstein, Jr., 2009, p. 44). Issues such as major medical care problems and public safety existed in US cities after industrialization. The emerging progressive era would work to correct sanitation and medical system issues which lead to the US improving conditions. Most of the U.S. population would not acknowledge that there were any problems and these institutions would try to exclude certain people from having access to any health programs. In the Progressive era issues in the healthcare and sanitation systems were improved
Sanitation was not top priority in ancient times. The latrines were placed in public areas allowing ten to twenty people at a time, with no privacy. Toilet
During the time frame of the 5th century to the 15th century, disposing of waste into the street was the only way to get rid of the waste. This was extremely dirty and unhealthy. Sir John Harrington developed a flushable water closet for Queen Elizabeth I in 1596. A watchmaker named Alexander Cummings enhanced the design of the toilet in 1775. Making the water trap to stop the flow of foul odors coming back through the pipes. Thomas Crapper then came along in the 1800's and polished up all of the inner workings of the toilet, leading to what is still used today in our toilets.
Between 800 and 735 B.C, Rome built its first sewers to improve cleanliness in the city. The Roman sewers were an improved version of the older Etruscan sewers. The Roman sewers consisted of latrines which connected to the toilet bowl and took the raw sewage underground, under the city to be dumped out in a lake or other body of water outside the city. At first, the only people who were able to get latrines were the wealthy because the latrines were very expensive. Then, in about 60-70 A.D, Rome started building public toilets because their
At the beginning of the semester, I thought that environmental justice was justice for the environment, which is true to a point, but I now know that it is justice for the people. Only when there is a people that have been wronged, usually using the environment as the the method of delivery, does it become an environmental justice case. Environmental justice ensures that all people, regardless of income level or race, have a say in the development and enforcement of environmental laws. It acts on the philosophy that anyone living on and in the land should have a say on how it is treated and used. Sometimes when developing legislature, the populations in mind are not all affected equally, and if said population
Many of the poorer Brazilians are not provided with proper sanitation in the rural areas. Between 1988 and 1993 ninety-five percent of the urban population had adequate water supply and only 61 percent of the rural population had access to an adequate water supply. Many rural dwellers had to depend upon wells and privies and not service for their disposal system and the urban population received service. Housing i...
Avoiding infection or, at least, breaking the chain of transmission is vital in any setting, but more so in healthcare environments where infections and vulnerable hosts are moving under the same roof. What needs to be done, then?
The consumption of contaminated water can be dangerous for health reasons and several people have passed away from these water-borne diseases. Some of these diseases include Cholera, Typhoid, Dysentery, Giardiasis, and Malaria. These unfortunate diseases are currently the cause of numerous deaths, especially in small children. The availability of clean water can prevent many problems in low-income communities. The available resources for clean water are very rare, so these water sources need to pass through a process of water sanitation in order to just be sustainable to drink, “The world’s surface is made up of approximately 80% water, which is an indestructible substance.
Separate cleaning equipment shall be provided for use in toilets, public areas and external areas. (Unsure)
Gastroenteritis, sometimes referred to as infectious diarrhoea is a common disease that affects millions of people annually. It is a disease caused by viruses, bacteria or parasites that enter the human body and spread, which induce symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and nausea. Although it is a common occurrence in society and is usually not harmful, cases of gastroenteritis in less developed countries may have more fatal repercussions due to their inability to access ample means of treatment. Over time, as more research was conducted into the disease, scientific developments were made to aid those affected by gastroenteritis and reduce the number of fatalities by educating people regarding preventative methods.
The majority of towns and cities have an underground system of pipes and sewers which transports wastewater to the treatment facilities, but what is wastewater and how do we clean it? Why do we clean it? Wastewater is the water which has been used, polluted and discharged by homes, businesses, industries, and in certain cities rainwater water is included.
Wastewater is the combination of water-carried or liquid wastes starting in the sanitary conveniences of dwellings, industrial or commercial facilities. In addition to this, surface water, groundwater and storm water may also be present. It is any water that has been badly affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It contains waste from residential, industrial and commercial processes. Municipal water contains industrial wastewater, sewage and gray water. Gray water is the water from sinks and showers. Large industries also produce wastewater.
Environmental law is a broad form of law developed to regulate how human activities affect the physical and biological environment (Doremus et al 2008, 2). Environmental law can be large scale or small scale, global or local; but it takes the cooperation of many different agencies to be successful. Overall, environmental law has contributed to a healthier environment in many ways. Since the beginning of environmental law and regulation, society has seen advancements in sanitation, pollution, air and water quality disease control and prevention, and ultimately in quality of life.
The environment around us gives us the habitat to live, is a condition for our existence and development so that protecting environment which is one of today’s most serious issues means protecting our lives. But almost every day we hear a new problem badly affecting the environment. The list of the new difficulties seems to be endless. We are all aware of these concerns and can admit that we caused them. Now, environmental protection is not the work of a single individual as it is the responsibility of the whole community, of every single person exists on this planet. The measures range from each citizen to the government.
Laws, especially environmental laws, should be created and put in place to prevent the massive and unsustainable use of resources in the environment. “Local-global relationships conducive to sustainability” (Braun, 2005: 640) should be developed and implemented world over to try to enforce and reinforce global, political and economic change towards sustainability.