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Accountability in Public Administration
Accountability in Public Administration
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Accountability of Our Government
Accountability is the essence of our democratic form of government. It is the liability assumed by all those who exercise authority to account for the manner in which they have fulfilled responsibilities entrusted to them, a liability ultimately to the Canadian people owed by Parliament, by the government and thus, every government department and agency.
One of the fundamental principals of a democratic society is the government must be accountable to the people. Such accountability in Canada is exercised through Parliament. Every Minister is ultimately accountable for their portfolio to Parliament and therefore in turn responsible to the Canadian electorate. The realization of this responsibility is undertaken upon the assumption of office. Accountability within government is a measure that is used to control the abuse of power by those elected as government representatives. "The government must be able to control and protect its own membership to be able meaningfully to accept responsibility for its direction and impact as a government." Without accountability we are left with a powerful political structure that has the ability to act without conscience or redress and this does not represent a modern democracy. With any discussion which focuses on responsibility within parliament, one can see the varying levels of accountability and the difficulties which arise when attempting to describe power, within the Canadian political system. Accountability in the public service can be studied from two different perspectives. The civil servant who represents the bureaucratic sector and the minister indicating the political sphere. The issue of accountability raises several key questions and queries for social scientists. Is the power of the civil servant increasing while ministerial responsibility is decreasing? What effects if any does this have on the bureaucratic system? How does Parliament excise legislative control over the bureaucracy? In essence, who is accountable to the Canadian people?
Ministerial Responsibility
Ministers in Canada are elected senior members of parliament who are appointed to a departmental portfolio by the Prime Minister. These offices are the constitutional head of all public agencies, ranging from D...
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...ven, and will continue to prove, that in a democratic society such as Canada, that ultimately ministers and Parliament are held accountable in the public eye at the time of elections. BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Kersell, J.E. Control of Administrative Behavior. Canadian Public
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Agencies - a study paper, Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada. 1979.
Marshall, Geoffrey. Constitutional Conventions: The Rules and Forms of Political
Accountability.Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984.
Marshall, Geoffrey and Graeme C. Moodie. Some Problems of the Constitution. 5th ed. London: Hutchinson University Library, 1971.
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In the novel Beowulf, Beowulf is portrayed as a Christ figure. Beowulf is given gifts and guidance by God, has to defeat a representation of Cain, and has a purpose for being on Earth, and that purpose is to serve and absolve the people of their problems. Jesus endured all of these as well. Through use of religion, it is evident Beowulf is a christ figure and Grendel is a representation of Cain.
The system of checks and balances in the United States government is exceptionally important in maintaining a balance within the three most powerful branches of government. The concept of checks and balances is that no one branch of government is able to get out of control without a neighboring branch of government having the power to intervene. Although the Constitution does not specifically reference a system called checks and balances, the instructions of how power is to be distributed is clearly defined. The three primary branches of government that are directly influenced by checks and balances are the Legislative Branch, Executive Branch, and Judicial Branch. Each of these branches has specific limitations and strategic override power making it essential that there is some form of cooperation and compromise. The interworking of this system is most apparent in the creation of laws.
He mentions that Grendel may have been a descendent of Cain. Beowulf’s sacrifice for his people in the end has also been compared to Jesus’s sacrifice. On several occasions, characters in the story thank God or reference God in what was originally written as a Pagan myth. This again contributes to the cyclical nature of the story, but this time, the moods are different. The tower at the beginning is a symbol of grandeur and the beginning of an era whereas the tower at the end has a more melancholic meaning and marks the end of an era. Fire and Water seem to be represented the most throughout the story, mostly to convey the setting as eery and dangerous. Earth and Air are both mentioned, but less frequently and mainly by happenstance. If any section of the epic was missing, it may have been an aftermath. Wiglaf’s rule and the reaction of the people to King Beowulf’s death was nondescript and abrupt. I feel that the ending may not have done justice to the exciting and noble life that Beowulf had lived, so maybe there was more that had simply gotten lost, leaving the story to end as shortly as it did. They did discuss Beowulf’s funeral, but very briefly and without
Hrothgar intentionally gives all the glory to God for the victories Beowulf receives. Grendel has attacked the Danes for twelve years; yet no one can defeat him until Beowulf come along and does it with his bare hands. What an amazing battle is was, rather than first praising
Women are still expected to care for the children and take care of the home, but it is more acceptable these days for a man to take a more active role in sharing those types of responsibil...
Henry, Matthew. “Don't Ask Me, I'm Just a Girl”: Feminism, Female Identity, and The Simpsons." Journal of Popular Culture. 40.2 (2007): 272-303. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Feb. 2014.
Women were expected to be nurturing, proper, and obedient. When men wanted their wives and daughters to stay home, the women had no choice but to cooperate, “The growing separation between the workplace and the home sharpened distinctions between the social roles of men and women” (Brinkley 240). As the separation between the home and the workplace began to grow, the shift in gender roles became more evident in society. Additionally, a new culture for women emerged from this shift in society, “Within their own separate sphere, middle-class women began to develop a distinctive female culture. A ‘lady’s’ literature began to emerge” (Brinkley 240). This newfound female culture gave women a sense of connection to other women with lifestyles. In some ways, this shift in gender roles was not completely harmful to women. However, women were still considered to be inferior to
Since the beginning of time, gender has played a big role in how one acts and how one is looked upon in society. From a young age children are taught to be either feminine or masculine. Why is it that gender plays a big role in the characteristics that one beholds? For centuries in many countries it has been installed in individual’s heads that they have to live by certain stereotypes. Women have been taught to be feeble to men and depend on them for social and economical happiness. While men have been taught to be mucho characters that have take care of their homes and be the superior individual to a woman. For the individuals who dare to be different and choose to form their own identity whether man or woman, they are out casted and secluded from their community. These stereotypes that people have been taught to live upon have been a huge burden on women because they are the ones who have been taught to be the inferior individual. Women have struggled to obtain their own identities and become independent, but as time has evolved women have developed and are able to be independent. Surprisingly it is being accepted.
Canada has a central government designed to deal with the country as a whole. Things like national defense, banking, currency, and commerce are controlled by the central government. All other matters are left to the provinces to deal with. Such as education, hospitals, and civil rights are responsibilities of the states. The Canadian Parliament consists of two houses. Their Senate is made up of 104 members who serve until the age of seventy-five.
In Do Institutions Matter?, the authors, R. Kent Weaver and Bert A. Rockman, provide a systematic overview on the structural differences between presidential and parliamentary systems of government and how these structures can affect their ability to make policy. According to Weaver and Rockman, a government’s effectiveness can be measured in two ways: one being voter reception of government actions through elections and the other being the final product of policymaking, known as outputs.
Recollect all the regulations society has placed on girls, ladies, and women through history until now. These regulations, teaching females to conform to each foolish rule society have created. In creating this American society, society has always had its grip on females by constraining them from reaching their fullest potential and limiting their minds to what is possible. The responsibility of women was always defined as a homemaker, babymaker, cooker, cleaner, peacemaker, as well as wife. However, as time continues to change these social roles are rapidly being refined, enabling girls, ladies, and women to determine whichever path they desire to lead.
“Focus on how to be social, not on how to do social.”-Joy Baer Social Media as described by google are websites and applications used for social networking. Many adolescents use Facebook, Myspace, and Instagram, twitter etc. as a form of communication without being explained the many risk factors. Over time more and more proposed threats with teens using social networks has arisen. Social media negatively impacts teens by exposing them to higher risk activities such as cyberbullying, sexting and a lack of privacy.
As a pioneer in democracy, a country famous for her democratic traditions and also considered as a role model for democracy by countries worldwide, Britain has began her journey towards democracy since King John signed the Magna Carta in 1215. Henceforth she became the “mother of parliament” in 1295; in passing the Bill of Rights of 1689 she further limited the power of the sovereignty; till the she gave women the right to vote in 1928; her history is a history of humans’ ceaseless efforts in pursuing democracy. Yet, despite her glorious past, has she still been stepping towards a more ideal democracy or has she walked back as her fame faded since the past decades? - In this essay I am going to examine whether the United Kingdom nowadays could still qualify as a democratic country based on two criteria from Dahl’s On Democracy – effectiveness of participation and the equality of
Traditional views wanted women to be domestic. Namely, women were get married at a young age and having children. Traditionally, women were supposed to nurturing mothers and wives. For instance, they were supposed to be caregivers for their children, maintain their homes, and prepares meals. More simply, society viewed women as domestic and submissive people who were supposed to maintain their household by caring for their children and husband. According to Linda L. Lindsey (2015), author and researcher of Gender Roles, believes the “messages for girls continue to be focused on home and family taking precedence over paid work” (p. 323). In other words, society want girls to believe women are always supposed to choose their family over going to work. For instance, society want women to be housewives instead of managing companies. In other words, society want women to continue to follow traditional views, so wives will remain home with the children, while their husbands continue to provide. Overall, for many years being a woman entailed traditional views about
Young people can maintain social connections and support networks that otherwise would not be possible and can access more information than still before. When Sherry Turkle spoke at TED in 1996, reporting on her studies of the early virtual communities, she said, "Those who make the most of their lives on the screen come to it in a spirit of self-reflection." (Turkle). The communities and social connections young people form online can be invaluable for reinforcing and developing young people 's self-confidence and social talent. The use of social media and networking services, such as Instagram, Snapshot, Facebook and Twitter have become an essential part of Americans daily lives. While many associate social media with a degradation of young people’s social networks and communication skills, a recent literature review found that social networking services actually play a vital role in young people’s lives - delivering educational outcomes; facilitating supportive relationships; assisting in identity formation; and boosting a sense of belonging and