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Impact of colonization on indigenous people
Short note on Aboriginal people
Introduction to aboriginal culture in australia
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Recommended: Impact of colonization on indigenous people
The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people are the original inhabitants of Australia, and have lived here for more than 40,000 years, some believe even more, before European settlement, when they were free to enjoy and practice their culture without limitation or judgement.
Aboriginal people originally inhabited mainland Australia and the continent's offshore islands. Torres Strait Islanders are named after their original inhabitant, the islands of the Torres Strait, between the tip of Cape York in Queensland and Papua New Guinea. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people are referred to as Indigenous.
(Australian Human Rights Commission, n.d.)
Although there were different tribes or clans throughout the country that had some individual cultural practices, they all shared a culture focussed on a strong spiritual connection to the land, sea and a great sense of community and family. The land was the foundation for their spiritual beliefs, it provided food and nourishment, as well as
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After Europeans settled here and stole the land from the indigenous tribes of Australia, it became more and more difficult to practice and perform their spiritual traditions as they were denied access to important sacred land sites. As the land was such an integral part of the aboriginal culture, loss of their land was in many ways the robbery of their cultural identity. (Australian Government. 2015)
This simple quote from Aborigine Tom Dystra quoted on the Australian Governments website, sums up the difference between the aboriginal’s cultural view on the land, versus that of other more mainstream cultures, ‘We cultivated our land, but in a way different from the white man. We endeavoured to live with the land; they seemed to live off it. I was taught to preserve, never to destroy.’ (Australian Government.
Statistically, 2.4% of total population is the total Aboriginal peoples, consisting with 90% of Aboriginal, 6% of Torres Strait Islander and 4% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in Australia. 14.5% of total New Zealand population is Maori, 3.3% of total Canadian population is Aboriginals, and less than 1.5% of total USA population is American Indians. Although these four countries have their distinctive culture, legal entitlements and history, they share a similar history of colonisation and poor health and social conditions among minority Aboriginal peoples (Anderson et al. 200...
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander refers to persons of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander descent, who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander and are accepted as such by the community in which they live.
Archaeological evidence suggests that human first occupied Australia (fig. 1) approximately 50000 years ago. (Dorey, 2011) Early ‘modern humans’ (homo sapiens) are believed to have migrated from the Asian continent to Australia using land bridges (fig. 2) (Ows.edb.utexas.edu, n.d.) Shortly after arriving in Australia it is thought that they (now known as Indigenous Australians) moved inland and rapidly spread throughout the country using the river systems of Queensland and Southern Australia. (Mayell, 2003) The Indigenous people began to appreciate the land and the resources that it offered. Their culture developed many spiritual relationships with the land and its natural resources; it was in their opinion, their responsibility to take care of the land. (Welch, n.d.) However, European settlers that colonised Australia viewed the country as a bountiful source of money and riches.
In the 18th century approximately 40,000 years before the European colonization, 750,000 to 1,000,000 indigenous people inhabited in Australia. These indigenous Australians were traditionally hunter having complex oral culture and spiritual values that were based on the admiration to the land and a belief in the dreamtime (Indigenous People Issues and Resources, 2014).
In order to understand the effects of European colonization on Aborigines, it is important to understand what Australian Aboriginal culture was like before European presence. It has been estimated that Aborigines have been on the Australian continent for at least the past 50,000 years. It can then be said that Australian Aborigines have essentially adapted or co-evolved with the changing continent (Broome 10). Aborigines adapted to the harsh Australian environment by living in semi-nomadic groups. These clan-based groups would wander throughout their "territory", determined by their spiritual beliefs, in search of food to sustain the group. Women would essentially do the gathering while the men would hunt. They would not inhabit an area long enough for the establishment of any sort of permanent structures but rather moved to another area in search of food.
-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are called by Aborigines because they were living on their own lands when the settlers from elsewhere came and
Aboriginal people have been living in Australia between 50,00 to 120,000 years ago and their population size was about 300,000 when the British arrived in 1788 (Commonwealth of Australia, 1998). They are known to be non-materialistic and lived in small family groups which survived on food from the land (hunter-gatherer people) hence their deep connection to their land. Each small family group have their own history and culture, membership to each group is determined by birthright, shared language and cultural obligations and responsibilities. They place great importance to their social, religious and spiritual activities hence their belief that the physical environment is controlled by spiritual rather than physical means. They also believed
An Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander is a person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander decent who identifies as an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander and is accepted as such by the community in which he/she lives (Canberra 1981)
Aboriginal Australians, also referred to as Aborigines, are people whose ancestors were indigenous to the Australian continent (the smallest continent in the world)—that is, to mainland Australia or to the island of Tasmania. British colonization of the continent began in 1788 when caption cook landed and claimed the land for Britain. Essentially from the first time that Europeans started settling in Australia they have ahead, mistreated, enslaved, and law and policies to limit the rights of aborigines with a goal of total extermination of the original peoples of Australia. The responsibility of the use of policies drove Britain’s imperial desires.
Place theory and place maintenance in Indigenous Australia by Paul Memmott and Stephen long explores the way the Indigenous Australians have and continue to use the land of Australia. It explores the key themes of the cultural differences of the Indigenous Australians to the people of Australia and the way their cultural beliefs have been downtrodden over the years. The fact that the Aboriginal Australians have had their cultural beliefs belittled is a common understanding of the Australian community of today, including myself, this can be seen by the many condolences for the numerous barbaric acts which were undergone including the removal demolition of the places of which held great importance.
Upon arriving in Australia, Europeans perceived the Indigenous people to be an inferior civilization. They used many excuses for this position, such as claiming that Indigenous people were not using the land to its full potential. That is, they weren’t cultivating it in
The term Indigenous can be referred as ‘Native to a particular region or environment but occurring naturally in other places as well’ (TheFreeDictionary 2009, ¶.1). In Australia, they were resided for almost 350 to 700 centuries ago. They usually can be found in isolated parts in Australia (History of the Aborigines n.d.). As Britain want to colonise Australia as a country in 1788, the indigenous community were chased by British (Bailey 2008). As the consequences, they lost their native title and many of them suffered from serious diseases as the Britain seized their habitat land (Bailey 2008; History of the Aborigines n.d.). By 1900, there was a small group of indigenous people in central and Northern Australia. Today, they live in some parts of rural area in Australia and try to keep their traditions alive (History of the Aborigines n.d).
The Australian Aboriginals arrived on the North west coast of Australia some 50,000 years ago, crossing on land bridges caused by changing sea levels (ACME, 2008). They have stayed in Australia to this day, once expanding to about 600 different groups all over the country (though in particular concentration around littoral regions and other large water sources, as demonstrated in Figure 1). When European colonisation began in the 1780s (australia.gov, 2008), a fundamental difference in the two cultures, and cause of much dispute and damage, was a fundamental difference in opinions of surplus. This void of understanding between the native hunter-gatherer culture for which surplus was unnecessary, and the settling, largely agriculturally and pastorally based culture in which surplus was vital, can be said to account for a large part of cultural difference and disagreement.
Thought to have had the longest continuous cultural history on earth, the traditional aboriginal people of the land faced near extinction of the their culture and identity when European settlers arrived in the late 1700’s. Officially founded in the late 18th century by the first British settlement, Australia is the sixth largest country in the world located in the southern part of the Pacific Ocean. It has been home to the traditional inhabitants of the land for thousands of years, with scientific research continually changing the ancient history that lies within the
There were only Aboriginal societies on the Australian continent until the arrival of Europeans. They took the lands and forced their lifestyle on the aboriginals. They did what was in their beliefs, religion and traditions. The Aboriginals lived depending on land and water. They had good hunting, fishing or gathering skills. Their cultures differed from region to region. The indigenous Australians that lived along water were experts at fishing. Before the British colonization there was between 200-250 Aboriginal languages. This means, they did not all speak the same language.