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Appropriate Terms The terms Aboriginal, American People, Indian, Indigenous Peoples, First Nations and Native Americans we originally used when the first settlers arrived to North and South America. The term American Indian was used to refer to native people of the Western Hemisphere and in the name Indian was used when Christopher Columbus thought he had reached the Indies when he was in search of South Asia. In 1507 a German cartographer named Martin Waldeemuller had named the Western Hemisphere as America around 1507. So, the name American Indian took affect to differentiate the people from South Asia. In the United States and Canada in the 1960s the name American Indian was under scrutiny because it was sometimes called racist and so the
People have been living in America for countless years, even before Europeans had discovered and populated it. These people, named Native Americans or American Indians, have a unique and singular culture and lifestyle unlike any other. Native Americans were divided into several groups or tribes. Each one tribe developed an own language, housing, clothing, and other cultural aspects. As we take a look into their society’s customs we can learn additional information about the lives of these indigenous people of the United States.
Though referred to most commonly as the Blackfeet or Blackfoot, many refer to themselves as the Nitsitapiksi (Ni-tsi-ta-pi-ksi), the “Real People,” a term used by the Blackfoot to also refer to all First Peoples of the Americas (The Blackfoot Gallery Committee, 2013, 11). The term Niitsipoiyksi is used to refer to those who are “the speakers of the Real language,” that being Blackfoot, but it may also mean those who speak their Aboriginal language (The Blackfoot Gallery Committee, 2013, 11). The Blackfoot Peoples are made up of three distinct Nations the Kainai, the Piikuni and Siksika. Though this is how some Blackfoot literature refers to the Nations, it is still common to hear these Nations referred to as the Blood Nation for the Kainai, Peigan (Canada) or Blackfeet (United States) for the Piikuni, and Blackfoot or Northern Blackfoot for the Siksika (The Blackfoot Gallery C...
Aboriginal spirituality originally derives from the stories of the dreaming. The dreaming is the knowledge and a sense of belonging that the Aboriginals had of the beginning of life and the relationship to the land and sea (Australian Museum, 2011). The dreaming stories are passed on from one generation to the next orally. These stories teach the following generations how to behave towards the land and other people. The dreaming stories give them a sense of duty to protect the land and appreciate it because the dreamtime stories indicate that the spirits have not died but are still alive in different forms as animals or humans, therefore the ancestor’s power is still felt through the landforms (Clark, 1963), (Australian Governement, 2008)
Why are terms such as Aboriginal peoples, American Indian, Indian, Indigenous Peoples, First Nations and Native American all used to describe the original inhabitants of North and South America? Why are some of these terms considered controversial? What terms to you feel are most appropriate, and why?
The over-representation of Aboriginal children in the Canadian Child Welfare system is a growing and multifaceted issue rooted in a pervasive history of racism and colonization in Canada. Residential schools were established with the intent to force assimilation of Aboriginal people in Canada into European-Canadian society (Reimer, 2010, p. 22). Many Aboriginal children’s lives have been changed adversely by the development of residential schools, even for those who did not attend them. It is estimated that Aboriginal children “are 6-8 times more likely to be placed in foster care than non-Aboriginal children (Saskatchewan Child Welfare Review Panel, 2010, p. 2).” Reports have also indicated that First Nations registered Indian children make up the largest proportion of Aboriginal children entering child welfare care across Canada (Saskatchewan Child Welfare Review Panel, p. 2). Consequently, this has negatively impacted Aboriginal communities experience of and relationship with child welfare services across the country. It is visible that the over-representation of Aboriginal children in the child welfare system in Canada lies in the impact of the Canadian policy for Indian residential schools, which will be described throughout this paper.
Towards the development of the United States of America there has always been a question of the placement of the Native Americans in society. Throughout time, the Natives have been treated differently like an individual nation granted free by the U.S. as equal U.S. citizens, yet not treated as equal. In 1783 when the U.S. gained their independence from Great Britain not only did they gain land from the Appalachian Mountains but conflict over the Indian policy and what their choice was to do with them and their land was in effect. All the way from the first presidents of the U.S. to later in the late 19th century the treatment of the Natives has always been changing. The Native Americans have always been treated like different beings, or savages, and have always been tricked to signing false treaties accompanying the loss of their homes and even death happened amongst tribes. In the period of the late 19th century, The U.S. government was becoming more and more unbeatable making the Natives move by force and sign false treaties. This did not account for the seizing of land the government imposed at any given time (Boxer 2009).
Modern America, consisting of both Canada and the United States, are products of the European conquest of the aboriginal peoples of North America. Although there was an aboriginal population in North America who historically had problems with foreign settlers. Anglo-Americans had conflicts with natives because they viciously took the aboriginal people’s land and resources with no regard for cultural value or beliefs. However when the French encountered the aboriginal population they showed respect for their cultural beliefs and did not take aboriginal land without permission. The aboriginal population was able to establish a positive relationship with French settlers through mutual respect. Eventually the French and aboriginal people established a military alliance and
First Nations people are often referred to as Indians however it is well known that they are only called Indians because when Columbus had reached hi...
Pre-dating to the early 15th century, when contact with European settlers was originally established, Indigenous peoples have been required to succumb to settler – colonization in an attempt to be integrated into mainstream culture. The initial purpose of colonialism was to be used as a tool to gain access to resources not otherwise available. As colonialism evolved, it has become a method by which foreign populations move into unfamiliar territories, and attempt to remove the colonized group from the currently occupied space.
Before Christopher Columbus came upon America mistaking it for the Indies and European settlers took over this land, various Indian tribes lived in America first. These Indian tribes stretched from coast to coast across North America. At least each tribe contained “500 members including a governing council and a tribal chief” (Aboukhadijeh). When the European settlers began to inhabit the Atlantic Coast, the natives would move their tribes, colliding with other tribes. Indian tribes signed a treaty ratified by the US Senate, but the ratification requirement did not ensure fair enforcement. “Tribes were victimized and the Indians were unlawfully removed from their location” (Aboukhadijeh). Indians were evicted from their land to make way for
The Indians in the 1900’s were thought of vanishing. Not being able to adapted to urbanization and would die out from lack of keeping up with the new world. How the Indians used endurance and survival skills to last through all that has happened. The sources from “Buffalo Bill’s Wild West” and “Touring The Indian Country” have proved that the Indians isolate to work out problems. Upper America times in the North and South were in a more likely to having a higher savagery. White people looked at them as Ancestors because they were in the Americas before any of the colonies explored the land.
When people think of Native Americans they picture the stereotypical ones from television, or what we read from history books. We picture of the more modern day Native Americans. Native Americans in the Americas history goes farther back than most of us can imagine. Native Americans goes back to prehistoric times. Archeologist are constantly discovering prehistoric sites across the country. It is giving archaeologist more insight in the past. In Tennessee, there are several archaeological sites that date back to prehistoric times.
In the 1500s European explorers came to the "New World¨ which is now known as North America. They met new people in the New World. People who spoke languages they had never heard and had different lifestyles that the Europeans had never seen. Today we call those people American Indians. Although some European settlers were friendly with Native Americans, others were not and conflicts between them increased. Also, permanent European settlements in America eventually led to disease. Europeans also placed greater demands upon the native populations, including expecting them to convert to other religions. European settlers had overwhelmingly negative consequences for Native Americans.
The American Indians Between 1609 To 1865. Native Americans or American Indians, once occupied the entire region of the United States. They were composed of many different groups, who spoke hundreds of languages and dialects. The Indians from the Southwest used to live in large, terraced communities and their way of sustain was from the agriculture where they planted squash, pumpkins, beans and corn crops. Trades between neighboring tribes were common, this brought in additional goods and also some raw materials such as gems, cooper.
The Ainu are the indigenous inhabitants of Hokkaido. Even there enacted the law for the promotion of the Ainu culture and language, Ainu people are still struggling for the full recognition and acceptance by Japanese society of their rights as an indigenous people. In addition, the Ainu people assimilated and integrated in the mainstream of the Japanese society, such as the security, job, education, employment, and social services are neglected from the government. The point is that the Japanese government regarding the Ainu policy is to preserve their unique culture. They should to recognize of the social status and social condition in order to improve the the Ainu people life. Moreover, the Japanese government set up the educational policy