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Key strengths and limitations of the psychiatric classification system
Abnormal psychology study
Abnormal psychology study
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Abnormal psychology is the branch psychology that deals with the study of abnormal behavior in an attempt to describe, predict, and explain in order to change behaviors. There are four criteria used in the determination of what is considered to be abnormal they are deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger (Comer, 2012). Though deviance is hard to pinpoint as it is defined by an individual’s culture and society. The different ways in which to approach treatment for individuals. Biological Model The biological model often referred to as the medical model depicts abnormality as an illness brought on by the malfunctioning parts organisms. For instance, problems are in the brain anatomy or brain chemistry are seen as the cause of the abnormal behavior. The brain is composed of …show more content…
The focus to self-actualize through the honest view on one’s own strengths and weakness. Roger’s humanistic theory believes that the basic human need is for positive regard. Is the person receives it they gain unconditional senesce of worth. If positive regard is not gained an individual would be incapable of self-actualization as they do not know what they need. Roger’s therapy is client centered and provides an environment in which unconditional positive is received, is genuine, and have empathy. Existential view has a focus on self-determination, choice, and individual responsibility. The goal of Gestalt theory is to have clients move towards self-recognition and self-acceptance with the use of role playing and self-discovery exercises (Comer, 2012). Gestalt theory could be applied in the treatment of bulimia nervosa as it would be seen as client’s way of managing unacceptable needs and feeling. (Pfluger, 2014). Through the use of role playing and self-discovery exercise to help them mover towards self-acceptance. Sociocultural
... J. H., & Manos, M. J. (2004). Abnormal Psychology: Current Perspectives 9th ed. In L. B. Alloy, J. H. Riskind, & M. J. Manos, The Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sociocultural Perspectives (pp. 75-104). New York: McGraw Hill.
Rogerian theory is a theory founded on the clinical experience of Carl Rogers, and searching with interest an empirical confirmation according to psychological science modules. Nevertheless, to adopt a phenomenological and therefore subjective point of view, it carries within itself a strong dose of anticientifismo. In addition, this theory is completely hands-on: is hyperkinetic to describe and explain what happened in the therapy of Carl Rogers. The Rogerian argument focuses on aspects related to therapeutic change, and not on the personality structure. In this sense, is a dynamic theory.
According to Psychology in Action, “[r]ather than being fixed categories, both “abnormal” and “normal” behaviors exist along a continuum, and no single criterion is adequate for [i]dentifying all forms of abnormal behavior” (Huffman). There are four criteria used to determine whether behavior is abnormal. These are known as the four D’s. The first is deviance, this means that someones thoughts are different than those in the their culture and/or society. The second is dysfunction, this is when a person’s behavior is interfering with their everyday life and functions. The third is distress, this means that the person has a substantial amount of distress and unhappiness which can lead to risky or immoral actions. The fourth and final D is danger, this is when the person’s actions indicate that they are a danger to themselves and others.
Rosenhan (1973) states that in psychology, abnormality plays a key role in diagnosing a person as mentally ill. However, the line that divides normal from abnormal is not clear. All behaviour lies on a continuum with normal, also called effective psychological functioning, and at the other end abnormal indicating mental illness. Mental health professionals look for bizarreness and persistence of the behaviour with a certain pattern over time. Social deviance, when a person 's behaviour violates expectations and norms. Subjective distress which involves a specific situation that makes us feel uncomfortable. Psychological handicap, when a person finds it impossible to be satisfied with life due to psychological problems. Effect on functioning,
As the field of counseling continues to progress numerous theoretical orientations have been developed. One theoretical approach to counseling has been coined as person centered counseling or client centered therapy. This type of approach is commonly referred to as Rogerian psychotherapy. Rogerian therapy focuses on the empowerment of individuals with the inner self. These constructs are vital to ensuring and promoting a transparent and honest atmosphere which subsequently results in effective counseling. The behaviors that are found in client centered counseling are valuable as they motivate the client to explore their "hidden feelings" and become aware of where their feelings derive from. Being afforded the rare opportunity to see Rogers
In existential the focus is on assisting individuals on becoming authors of their own lives with the philosophical framework of what it means to be human. Psychodrama allows individuals to explore problems through role play to develop new behavioral skills. Gestalt therapy warrants the here-and-now, bringing unfinished business to the present, allowing individuals to deal with those problems now. Person-centered approach concentrates on self-exploration, learning to accept one’s self, and determining avenues to take to change. Collectively, I found the most valuable and meaningful aspects of experiential and relationship oriented approaches to be self-exploration and bringing unfinished business to the present to help individuals deal with those problems
When the term client-centered is invoked, the emphasis is on a therapeutic relationship with patients who pay for the visit and who are expected to be in charge of their own cure and who are therefore called clients. Rogerian therapy is respectful, treating all human beings as equal to one another, and Rogers leaves the direction of the process to the client. The professional has a role to play: to provide the atmosphere of unconditional positive regard and permissiveness, empathic understanding, and congruence. The emphasis is on a genuine relationship more than a nondirective technique coldly applied at a distance from the client. This authenticity in the relationship has driven a contemporary therapist to propose the concept of fallibility
Existential therapy is concerned with one’s being; the world in which they live, the implication of time, and the mindfulness of being whole. The basic dimensions of the human condition, according to the existential approach, include (1) the capacity for self-awareness; (2) freedom and responsibility; (3) creating one’s identity and establishing meaningful relationships with other; (4) the search for meaning, purpose, values, and goals; (5) anxiety as a condition of living; and (6) awareness of death and nonbeing. All give significance to living and explore the degree to which a client is doing the things they value.
Fritz and Laura Perls are responsible for the founding of gestalt therapy in the 1940’s. From there on, Gestalt has contributed significantly to the field of psychotherapy, counseling, and personal development. When therapist uses this method, his or her ultimate aim is to ensure the client achieves personal growth and development. To achieve this outcome, gestalt utilizes existential philosophy and phenomenology. In summary, this form of therapy aims to empower the patient to use his internal and external senses for the purposes of developing personal responsibility and a self-supportive system (Franzke 1999; Corcoran & Daly 2008).
Person-Centered Therapy is an optimistic theory that is categorized in the humanistic approaches to therapy. PC therapy believes that human beings are intrinsically good, and are motivated to be the best that they can be (Carver & Scheier, 2008, p. 346). The theory embodies respect for individuals and values of tolerance and understanding (Brodley, 2007, p. 140). As the name implies the client is responsible for his or her own growth and improvement (Carver & Scheier, 2008, p.344). Rogers' stated that the main assumption of his approach is that “individuals have within themselves vast resources for self-understanding and for altering their self-concepts, basic attitudes, and self- directed behavior” (Rogers, 1980, p.115). One of the underlying assumptions, and main motivation, of Person-Centered Therapy is that human beings possess an innate tendency to grow and meet their full potential, or to self-actualize. Self-actualization is the inherent motivation to reach our highest potential, both emotionally and intellectually (Kosslyn & Rosenberg, 2004, p. 464). Self-actualization moves one towards autonomous behavior and self-sufficiency, it enriches one’s life and enhances their creativity. It also promotes congruence, wholeness, and integration of the person. Rogers describes self-actualizing people as the fully functioning person (Carver & Scheier, 2008, p.322).
Her symptoms do not appear too severe since she still manages to perform well in school by maintaining a good GPA. Majority of Bonnie issues comes from her low self-esteem which is causing insecurities and lack of confidence. Her low self-esteem is also contributing to her anxiety and depression. Bonnie is having difficulty in her relationship and also coping with her illness. The existential theory was chosen to manage Bonnie’s illness because it focuses on building self-esteem, developing a sense of self- worth and changing ones attitude of existence. The theory also allows Bonnie to take full control over her life and live the way she desires. This particular theory is strong because it is a philosophical approach and can be used worldwide. It can be used individually or in a group. There is no general technique with this theory. Themes are applied to the client by assessing their issues. Also, unlike other theories, existentialism addresses the individual’s self-
Barlow, David H., Vincent Mark. Durand, and Sherry H. Stewart. Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach. Toronto: Nelson Education, 2012. 140-45. Print.
Barlow, D., Durand, V., & Stewart, S. (2009). Abnormal psychology an integrative apporach. (2nd ed.). United States of America: Wadsworth
Individual psychology was discovered by Alfred Adler who named his theory as such to emphasize the holistic perspective.
Theory of mind, is what gives people the ability to understand that others have different perspectives and beliefs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether increases in ToM is connected to the want that children have to perform in front of others.