This remarkable source document was reviewed in English through an internet based medieval source book. I selected this particular document because of our extensive study regarding the rise of Islam and, its movements throughout the Arab and Western worlds. The author of the original Coptic (hieroglyphic form of writing) piece entitled, The Accounts of The Arab Conquest of Egypt, 642, was a Bishop of al-Ashmunein in upper Egypt, between al-Minya and Assiut, around the tenth century” named, Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa. Ibn al-Muqaffa has been noted as being “the earliest of the great Coptic writers in the Arabic language.”1(MacMillan)
In society, Ibn al-Muqaffa began his writing career at an early age working for the Arab Administration as a scribe and has been long revered as one of the greatest historians for his work entitled the History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria.2 (MacMillan) The purpose for the patriarchs of the Coptic Church to compile transcripts of occurrences was for the historical recounting of key events, figures; and, biographies from battles, wars and the transformations in Egypt. The compilations derive from historical documentation and eyewitness accounts of events that detail the conquests of Egypt. The original text, which was written in the tenth century, contained a series of biographies. By the sixth century – the time of Ibn al-Muqaffa – subsequent significant events occurred and the record grew longer, was expanded upon and derived “from documents written by eyewitnesses of the events recorded.”3 (Orthodox Wiki) Falling in line with the piece by Ibn al-Maqaffa was a piece we studied recently by Pavlidis stating that: “Arab rulers did not require their subjects to be Muslim.”4 This statement coincides with ...
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...g), May 31, 2011. http://plbirnamwood.blogspot.com/2011/05/value-of- eyewitness-accounts-for.html (accessed November 9, 2013).
Halsall, Paul, ed. Internet Medieval Source Book. 1998. s.v. "Accounts of The Arab Conquest of Egypt, 642." http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/642Egypt-conq2.asp
(accessed November 8, 2013).
MacMillan. New York, NY: MacMillan, 2013. s.v. "Sawirus al-Muqaffa." http://us.macmillan.com/author/sawirusalmuqaffa (accessed November 7, 2013).
Orthodox Wiki. 2009. s.v. "History of the Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria." http://orthodoxwiki.org/History_of_the_Patriarchs_of_the_Coptic_Church_of_Alexandria (accessed November 9, 2013).
Pavlidis, Theo. Islam City, "Chapter 6: The Rise of Islam and the Arab Conquests." Last modified October 16, 2011. Accessed November 9, 2013. http://www.theopavlidis.com/MidEast/part25.htm.
Ansary, Mir Tamim. Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World through Islamic Eyes. New York: PublicAffairs, 2009. Print.
The Chronicle of the French Occupation, 1798 – Napoleon in Egypt, was written by the Egyptian born scholar and jurist, Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti (c. 1753-c.1825) between 1798 and 1801, framing the French occupation of Egypt. Both the Middle East and Europe, during the late 17th century were in a state of redefinition. Although the chronicle had covered only the brief period during first seven months of 36, it serves as a crucial accounting. Clearly illustrated is a paradigmatic shift between a modern culture and an antiquated system with a chronicle of events that swings between something that is merely observational to something written by an emotionally charged spectator. Although the work has been widely accepted, there is still some speculation as to degrees of censorship and possible omissions through various translations.
Ibn Munqidh, Usama. "From Memoirs." McNeill, William and Marilyn Robinson Waldman. The Islamic World. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1973. 184-206.
Egypt officially the Arab Republic associated with Egypt, is a transcontinental nation spanning the northeast portion of Africa and also southwest corner associated with Asia. It would be the world's only contiguous Eurafrasian nation. Most of Egypt's territory lies inside Nile Valley. Egypt is a Mediterranean country. Egypt has one of several longest histories associated with any modern area, arising in the particular tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Ancient Egypt experienced lots of the earliest developments associated with writing, agriculture, urbanization, organized religion plus central government in history. Egypt is the predominantly Sunni Muslim area with Islam given that their states hope. The percentage
The Favorability of the Social and Religious Situation in Arabia around 600 AD Toward the Rise of Islam
Print. Doak, Robin. Empire of the Islamic World. Rev. ed.
Scheindlin, Raymond P. "The Jews in the Islamic World: From the Rise of Islam to the end of the Middle Ages (632 to 1500)." In A Short History of the Jewish People: From Legendary Times to Modern Statehood. New York: Macmillan, 1998. 71-87.
Ibn Khaldun. “Il Muqaddimah.” Ed. Paul Davis. Gary Harrison. David M. Johnson. John F. Crawford. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. Page Range:1732-1739. Print.
Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab Peoples. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1991. Print.
to 2650 B.C., changed his name to the more commonly known Zoser. It was Zoser
In the early 6th century, Muhammad introduced Islam into the Arab world, and asserted that there was only one true God. Islam demanded that believers obey God’s will and laws (Islamic Law, web). By introducing Isla...
In 1250 the Mamluk rebellion overthrew the Ayyubid house for control of Egypt and named Aybeg, one of the Mamluk regimental leaders, as Sultan. The Mamluks, being a military slave society, were able to defend Syria against the Mongols in 1260 and also subsume the remaining Syria principalities and expel the Crusaders by 1291.1 The unity between Egypy and Syria that the Mamluks were able to achieve was reason that the Mamluk state was the largest Islamic states between the time of the Abbasids and the Ottoman empire.2 Moreover, t...
G. Esposito, John L (2002) Islam; What Everyone Should Know. New York. Oxford University Press Inc.
In this paper I will discuss the relationship between the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic civilization. I will do this by giving you a brief history of both the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic Caliph. Then I show you how the two cultures developed and influenced one another throughout their history. Let’s start with the Byzantine Empire.
Arabic language had great influence on many languages and Middle English was not an exception. By the 8th century Arabic language drove out Latin as the dominant Language, The Arabic civilization was able to spread and flourish throughout the Spain by the 11th and 12th century. As a matter of fact John the bishop of Seville was translating the Bible into Arabic (Metlitzki 5). These events made some European scholars to show interest in learning Arabic, mostly in the field of mathematics and astronomy. The most notable scholars who were interested in Arabic were Adelard of Bath (c. 1080-c.1150) who have travelled from England to mainland Europe to study Arabic, he had translated the astronomical tables of Al-Khawarizmi into Latin. Soon “Arabum studia” which literary means Arabic studies became a legitimate pursuit in twelfth century England. In the mid 1600’s Edward Pococke the scholar and author of Specimen of the history of Arabs, held the Laudial chair in Arabic at Oxford University, and Gerard Langbaine , Keeper of the Archives of the University, had the position as the University’s Arabic type (Burnett 81)