The Chronicle of the French Occupation, 1798 – Napoleon in Egypt, was written by the Egyptian born scholar and jurist, Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti (c. 1753-c.1825) between 1798 and 1801, framing the French occupation of Egypt. Both the Middle East and Europe, during the late 17th century were in a state of redefinition. Although the chronicle had covered only the brief period during first seven months of 36, it serves as a crucial accounting. Clearly illustrated is a paradigmatic shift between a modern culture and an antiquated system with a chronicle of events that swings between something that is merely observational to something written by an emotionally charged spectator. Although the work has been widely accepted, there is still some speculation as to degrees of censorship and possible omissions through various translations. The French occupation is a confrontation between exported modernity and an old regime: the French revolutionaries and their dominance over the Ottoman social order that is markedly different in contrast; and, al-Jabarti reports on how it transfers cross-culturally. Levels of contestation, open and/or secretive acceptances give way to losses and gains driven by high emotion – even for this writer. He “describes very carefully every step in the negotiation of the organization of society, from administration to inheritance, from property to charity or from justice to deliberation.” Al-Jabarti’s accounts were written with a criticism and tone that lacked very little neutrality. Clearly described is the questioning of Napoleon’s sincerity. They did not believe that a Christian could be a redeemer for Islam and distrusted him immensely. The disdain for Napoleon’s attempts to gain the trust and favor of the Is... ... middle of paper ... ...Texas, n.d.. http://www.laits.utexas.edu/ cairo/teachers/napoleon.pdf. Livingston, John W., and Al-Jabarti. "The Rise of Shaykh al-Balad 'Ali Bey al-Kabir: A Study in the Accuracy of the Chronicle of Al-Jabarti." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. No. 2 (1970): 283-294. http://www.jstor.org/stable/613005 (accessed November 30, 2013). Moreh, Shmuel. "Reputed Autographs of 'Abd al-Rahman al Jabarti and Related Problems." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. No. 3 (1965): 524-540. http://www.jstor.org/stable/612097 (accessed December 1, 2013). Thompson, Jason. "Napoleon in Egypt: Al-Jabarti's Chronicle of the French Occupation, 1798."Journal of World History. No. 1 (1995): 144-147. http://www.jstor.org/ stable/20078629 (accessed November 28, 2013). Tignor, Robert L. Introduction. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2010.
Lewis, Bernard. The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years. New York: Scribner,
To summarize the book into a few paragraphs doesn't due it the justice it deserves. The beginning details of the French and Ind...
Cobb, Paul. "Introduction." Ibn Munqidh, Usama. Book of Contemplation Islam and the Crusades. New York: Penguin Books, 2008. xv-xlii.
Georges Lefebvre, Napoleon From 18 Brumaire to Tilsit, 1799-1807, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1969). Martyn Lyons, Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution, (London: The MacMillan Press, 1994), pp. 26.
From the 18th century through the beginning of the 19th century, European influence was a significant force in various aspects of the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, and Iran. Although the reforms, coined primarily by Gelvin as “defensive developmentalism,” were initially intended to centralize governmental control and strengthen the military, the actual effects were much broader. Based on varying pre-existing conditions and unique approaches to governorship, this process of modernization affected each region differently. This essay will explore the manners in which European influence shaped each territory, the primary areas of civilization, politics and culture that experienced reform, and the degree to which that influence was significant, or in the case of Iran, insignificant.
Nardo, Don. A. The French Revolution. San Diego, California: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1999. Print.
Lyons, Martin. Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution. London: Macmillen, 1994. Print.
Furet, Francois ‘Napoleon Bonaparte’ in G, Kates(ed.) The French Revolution: Recent Debates and New Controversies Clarendon Press, Oxford (1997)
Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab Peoples. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1991. Print.
Some of Africa’s problems—especially those caused by forces other than man—are so enormous, so constant, that a people of lesser spirit long since would have succumb...
Ibn al-Arabi was one of the world's most profound Islamic thinkers. Born in 1165 C.E. in Spain, this mystic, poet, sage and philosopher was celebrated for his exceptional teaching ability and his unconventional views. Ibn al-Arabi was a prolific writer. Of his over 350 works, three of the most well known are the Fusus al-Hikam, commentary on the wisdom attributed to 28 prophets from the Judaic/Christian/Islamic line; the Futuhat al-Makkiyya, an explanation of his ideology; and Tarjuman al-Ashwaq, a volume of love poems. In these books, Ibn al-Arabi imparts his knowledge of metaphysics and his views on the unity of being. So controversial are these beliefs, that he was branded a heretic by numerous Muslim groups, and some of his works are still banned in Egypt today. Centuries after his death in Damascus in 1240 C.E., Muslims and non-Muslims alike continue to be influenced and inspired by Ibn al-Arabi's ideas. Despite negative reaction from conservative Muslims, by challenging traditional Islamic doctri...
G. Esposito, John L (2002) Islam; What Everyone Should Know. New York. Oxford University Press Inc.
Keita, Maghan. “African and Asians: Historiography and the Long View of Global Interaction.” Journal of World History 16, no. 1 (March 2005): 1-30.
What comes to mind when you hear “imam?” Maybe a boisterous bearded man screaming from his pulpit or a pious, humble servant to his community, but surely not a student science. Wrong! An Imam in Paris is a firsthand account of Imam al-Tahtawi’s stay in Paris. Tahtawi, an Egyptian cleric, is commissioned by Muhammad Ali (the ruler, not the boxer) to collect and translate scientific works. During his time in Paris, Tahtawi observes the scientific advancements happening in France as well as culture and traditions of the people.
The importance of Ibn Battuta’s journey to Mali itself was limited. But his journeys, especially this one – to a Islamicized African nation with diverse cultural beliefs, brought home to Morocco and the rest of the Arab world where the Rihla was circulated a view of the wider world, stretching out upon a vast east-west axis and incorporating a diverse array of native cultures fused with the mighty force of Islam, for better or