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Munich agreement appeasement
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Between the dates of 1 October, 1938 and 10 October, 1938 the northern and western border regions of Czechoslovakia, known as the Sudetenland, were ceded to the Third Reich of Germany via the Munich Agreement. The desire in France, the United Kingdom and Czechoslovakia to avoid war with Germany led to a policy of appeasement. Through a series of meetings a consensus was reached, led by Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, which specified that Sudeten Germans had a legitimate complaint and Germany’s expansionistic intentions did not reach beyond the Sudetenland. That it was an attempt to avoid a second war with Germany is not in question; however, what is in question is whether or not the United Kingdom, France and Czechoslovakia could have prevented a German military incursion into the Sudetenland and if so would it not have been the wisest option? The answer is twofold. Not only was the United Kingdom unprepared for a Second World War at the time of the Sudeten Crisis but had they attempted to militarily prevent Germany from annexing the Sudetenland it would have greatly hindered their own ability to defend the United Kingdom itself. There were, however, other alternatives to Britain taking a leading position in a war against Germany. Had the United Kingdom stood with France in the west while Czechoslovakia stood strong on their borders in the east it is decidedly possible that the Sudetenland would have stayed under Czech control; moreover, it very well may have averted the Second World War altogether. Prior to the Second World War the British and German militaries were studies in contrast. The British military was a small, professional army designed to win quick victories using mobility and technology... ... middle of paper ... ... avoided. Winston Churchill, a member of Parliament and soon to be Prime Minister, declared, “You were given a choice between war and dishonor, you chose dishonor and you will have war.” And so they did. Works Cited Frank McLynn, Napoleon: A Biography, (New York, Arcade Publishing, 1988). Philip Dwyer, Napoleon: The Path to Power, (New Haven Ct.: Yale University Press, 2008). Georges Lefebvre, Napoleon From 18 Brumaire to Tilsit, 1799-1807, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1969). Martyn Lyons, Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution, (London: The MacMillan Press, 1994), pp. 26. William Watson, Tricolor and Crescent, (Westport, CT.: Greenwood Publishing 2003), pp. 48. Iradj Amini, Napoleon and Persia, (London: Taylor & Francis, 2000). Eric Hobsbawm, Age of Revolution 1789-1848, (London: Weidenfield and Nicholson, 1962), pp. 74
Oliver Cromwell was a prominent leader during the civil war. Cromwell played a leading role in capturing Charles I to trial and execution. During the civil war, Cromwell’s military abilities commit highly to the parliamentary victory which made him appointed as the new model army leader. Also, the parliaments determined that he would end the civil war as the powerful man in England. In the selection, Edmund Ludlow criticize about the new models of government. Cromwell dislikes the idea of new models of government because he feel the new models of government would destroy the power. Also, Ludlow criticizes about Cromwell’s power is being abused too much, so he feels that the nation should governed by its own. Cromwell’s responded that the government
Thomas Cromwell Is known as the architect of the English Reformation and legal advisor to King Henry VIII. However not many historians look into the life of Thomas Cromwell. Cromwell is notorious with the English Reformation. Every source on Cromwell speaks a little on the man himself, they focus on the part he played in the Kings “great matter”. Thomas Cromwell was a self taught man and struggled for everything he had. Cromwell began his journey to the Kings court in the most modest of ways. He left home at age fifteen because of a dispute with his father. His life before the reformation helped shape his decisions and his actions. Yet very few historians spend any real time looking at whom and what led Thomas Cromwell to become the Kings
Unfortunately, Germany invaded Czechoslovakia due to the fact that they had been asking for appease with Hitler as Czechoslovakia wanted Sudetenland back. This meant that Hitler broke the Munich Agreement and was lying at the Munich conference. In addition, this showed that Hitler couldn't be trusted and Chamberlain assumed that WW2 could start because Hitler already invaded Czechoslovakia and could move to any other country. Britain knew that Germany were going to invade Poland so Chamberlain threatened to defend Poland in case Hitler went through with the invasion.
Other countries mainly Britain responded to Hitler’s actions with appeasement and by not stopping him early on with collective security it directly caused World War Two. Collective Security is when multiple countries work together to strengthen a country in need. Based off of document 6 Winston Churchill suggested that Britain, France, and other nations should come together and protect Czechoslovakia from Hitler to stop the growth of Nazi power. Collective Security could have prevented Czechoslovakia from coming into German control. While in accordance with document 9 nobody could openly oppose Hitler’s massive forces he had accumulated. Which is why they didn’t use collective security to protect Czechoslovakia. Instead they used The Munich Agreement to appease to Hitler. The Munich Agreement handed over Czechoslovakia in hopes it would diminish Hitler’s need to keep taking over surrounding countries. Stated in document 7 The Munich Agreement was unnecessary because Czech defenses were relatively strong and during this time Germany wasn’t at its zenith of strength. Also Hitler’s generals were going to try to overthrow Hitler if he attacked Czechoslovakia because the Generals believed it was a foolish endeavour that would mean the downfall of
Kreis, Steven. “Europe and the Superior Being: Napoleon.” The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History. 13 May. 2004. 6 Dec. 2004.
Nardo, Don. A. The French Revolution. San Diego, California: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1999. Print.
Meanwhile, Fuhrer Hitler and the Nazi party were continuing their domination of Europe and threatening to invade Czechoslovakia, which many felt would most likely incite another World War. To prevent this, England, France, Italy and Germany entered into an agreement, which would allow Germany to seize control of Sudetenland and is today known as the ‘Munich Pact’. Sudetenland had a large German population and its borders were in strategically strong areas for the German military. For negotiations to be successful there are many components that one must be aware of such as personalities of all parties, end goals of each person and the history of the country. England led the process with an appeasement policy as an attempt to mollify Hitler and the Nazi party and prevent war, which this pact did not.
Furet, Francois ‘Napoleon Bonaparte’ in G, Kates(ed.) The French Revolution: Recent Debates and New Controversies Clarendon Press, Oxford (1997)
Warfare was in a state of transition. Older commanders and generals in the French and British militaries were very cavalry and infantry focused. These commanders believed that cavalry, infantry, and artillery would assure victory in any circumstance, against any foe. They clung to the static tactics of the bygone World War I era. World War I had been fought primarily on French soil, and the military as well as the government never wanted that to happen again, therefore they wanted to reinforce their main border against any future German. Little did they know that only twenty two years later they would be bested by German forces in a way that would shock the world. This research will be analyzing many important assumptions, oversights,...
Oliver Cromwell Although the disputation of religion also helped to stir up the English civil war, its fundamental causes were the constitutional conflicts. Many English and the members of the parliament, including Oliver Cromwell, were not satisfied with how the king ruled over their country. This was interfused with the conflicting issues over religions. Many English may have been frustrated by William Laud, Charles’ main political advisor pointed as the archbishop of Canterbury in 1633, who attempted to make reforms in the Church of England.
Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Corsica on August 15th, 1769 (Kishlansky, Geary, and O'Brien). Napoleon was a complex man who served in the revolutionary war working his way up in rank and ultimately using his military successes to gain political popularity and power (Kishlansky, Geary, and O'Brien). In 1799, Napoleon became the First Consul by overthrowing the directory and he would control France, eventually, making himself Emperor (Kishlansky, Geary, and O'Brien). This essay is going to expand on domestic and military accomplishments of Napoleon, as well as his greatest success and failure.
...e belligerent, especially when the Cold War almost turned into an actual war, he was a man of many words that could sway the opinions of many. One speech could turn an entire country’s perspective in the exact opposite direction and with this skill, Britain emerged as a world leader in the preceding half of the twentieth-century. Sir Winston Churchill lived a full and complete life. Though his death may have been sullen, his message was clear, “History will be kind to me, for I intend to write it” (Dell 259) and so was the case.
Oliver Cromwell's Achievement of His Objectives from 1642 to 1658. To look at Cromwell’s aims and whether he achieved them or not is to enter “a minefield of historical controversy and uncertainty,” as. modern day historian Barry Coward put it. Cromwell’s aims have always been.
Oliver Cromwell was a well known military dictator. He helped the Parliamentarians win the First Civil War and was named Lord Protector. He died in 1658 but many people still remember him as one of the best leaders in history although others believe he was a harsh tyrant and always wanted too much power for himself. Throughout the years, numerous historians have changed their views on whether he was a good leader or not. This work will look at three interpretations from different people on who Cromwell was and what he was like and compare them.
Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2006. Print.