ABA therapy

1414 Words3 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Positive Behavioral Support research papers

Tarbox, Madrid, Aguilar, Jacobo, and Schiff (2009) researched this behavioral technique in a study involving three children with Autism who had echoic language deficits. Each of these students (ages 3, 5, and 7) could only produce single-syllable approximations of words prior to this study (Tarbox et al., p. 902). Three child-relevant, di- and tri-syllabic words were selected as targets of mastery for each student. A chaining procedure was then utilized by in-home ABA therapists to allow gradual, yet effective mastery of the words. Each word was broken down into sounds, and each sound was a step in the chaining process. The therapist would then verbally model a component of the word. Once that step was mastered, immediate reinforcement was provided and the next step would begin. The final step linked all of the components together in order to form the entire echoic. Out of the nine words total between the three participants, eight were mastered within only nine sessions. One word took a participant 35 sessions to master; however, all of the words reached mastery level and eight were maintained long-term (p. 903). These findings suggest that chaining procedures can be effective methods of increasing word-lengths in children with Autism who struggle with echoic language. Since language-production is a common deficit for those with ASD, this method of chaining is often utilized in ABA for language acquisition and is many times deemed effective (Tarbox et al., p. 904). Another behavioral technique used in ABA is known as shaping. Shaping is the process of modifying behavior by reinforcing approximations of the behavior that is desired. Gradually, closer approximations are reinforced until the target behavior is acquired (Brams, 7). T... ... middle of paper ... ...c Observation Schedule, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, and McArthur Communication Development Inventory to measure the communication and aversive behavior frequency of the participants. After the procedures were complete, results demonstrated that advances were made in both of the dependent measures that utilized ABA with NET and DTT combined (Matson & Konst, 2013, p. 476). Comparable results were also found by Zachor and Ben-Itzchak (2010) who conducted a similar study with more dependent measures including communication, language, comprehension, daily living skills, motor skills, visual perception, and social behaviors (as cited in Matson & Konst, 2013). Thus, this research demonstrates that comprehensive ABA programs can be an ideal method of treatment not only for school-aged children and adults with ASD, but for EI individuals as well (Matson & Konst, 2013).

Show More
Related

  • Define Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

    724 Words  | 2 Pages

    Behavior Modification strategizes to reduce varieties of unwanted or unexpected behavior by utilizing reinforcement and punishment. In hopes to changing a specific behavior, the individual will learn that good behavior will result in good consequences. In a 1:1 setting, Discrete Teaching or DTT is a method part of ABA that involves the use of “three-term contingency” or simply known as antecedent, behavior and consequence. For example, in a 1:1 setting, a teacher asks a student to clap hands (antecedent), the student claps hands (behavior) the teacher gives student a piece of candy (consequence).

    Read More

  • The Core Principles Of Applied Behavior Analysis Theory

    1061 Words  | 3 Pages

    As Applied Behavior Analyst, we seek to modify a behavior social significant behavior. Our effectiveness can only be measured how much the behavior we set out to modify is changed to a degree in which it makes a difference in the social situations the behavior occurs in. Baer said that this was not a scientific measurement, but a practical one: "its power in altering behavior enough to be socially important, is the essential criterion” (Cooper 17-18). The effectiveness of the research of an ABA effect both the clinical and educational applications of ABA because these cases are the bases of how ABA grows and changes. They are the way we learn and master our field. Even if modifications are later made to older experiments, without them we would not know where to

    Read More

  • ABA Strategies for Language Acquisition and Development

    1198 Words  | 3 Pages

    Incidental teaching focuses on child-initiated interactions. (Hall, 2013) Incidental teaching is used to increase skills of individuals with autism spectrum disorders. (Hall, 2013) A study done by Hart and Risley (1975) looked at the incidental teaching process used at the preschool age to aide in teaching language. Incidental teaching has been the most frequent strategy that has been used to teach language. When using incidental teaching a child’s request may be verbal or nonverbal. Examples include reaching for an object that is out of one’s reach, requesting food or a toy or calling an adult’s name. There is a series of decisions that an adult can use to respond to the child’s request. These choices include: if the occasion should be used for incidental teaching: if so then a choice regarding the language behavior that is obtained from the child, and then a choice has to be made concerning the cue that will be used to initiate instruction, the cur could be focus of attention by itself, or in addition to the focused attention a verbal cue as well. If the individual does not respond to the cue, then a choice concerning the degree of prompt to be used, the “fullest degree: a request for imitation; medium degree: a request for partial imitation, or minimal degree: a request for the terminal language behavior.” (Hart & Risley, 1975) This study was performed on boys and girls between the ages of four years old to five years old. The baseline procedures ensured that the children had a variety of vocabulary for use in sentences. The sentences that they were taught was “I want x so I can y.” The second step of the procedure was the use of incidental teaching of compound sentences directed to teachers. After thirty-six days of school, the incidental teaching began to occur when the children needed assistance in trying to get different preschool materials.

    Read More

  • ABA therapy for autism

    1249 Words  | 3 Pages

    The most typical component of ABA used is positive reinforcement, which studies have shown to be an effective technique within a variety of settings and circumstances. Ferguson and Rosales-Ruiz (2001) conducted a study in which they utilized positive reinforcement in order to modify the behavior of horses. Prior to the study, the five horses observed were demonstrating inappropriate behaviors while loading into a trailer, which can be dangerous for both caregivers and the animals (p. 409). In order to deter these behaviors, the researchers provided the mares with preferred foods as positive reinforcement as the behavior was gradually shaped. They began by reinforcing approximate behaviors until the desirable behavior was achieved. At first, the horses were reinforced with food for several trials if they simply stepped near the entryway and touched their noses to a towel (the distance marker) without maladaptive behaviors. Over the series of eight steps, the target was pushed farther back into the trailer and the horses were reinforced for each successive approximation (p. 412). After all of the trials, each horse ended up completing the tasks and the inappropriate behaviors thereafter fell to zero. This was completed simply through the use of shaping and positively reinforcing the successive approximations of the behavior without the use of punishment or negative reinforcement (p. 421).

    Read More

  • Concurrent Treatment

    563 Words  | 2 Pages

    Establishment consisted of teaching the children correct placement of articulators to produce the targeted speech sound across all word positions. The randomized-variable practice began once the child could produce the sound 80% of the time in certain syllables. It usually took children 1-5 sessions to complete the establishment phase. Random teaching tasks such as imitated single syllables, imitated single words, nonimitated single words, imitated two-to-four word phrases, nonimitated two-to-four word phrases, imitated sentences, nonimitated sentences, and storytelling or conversations were selected in the second phase. Participants remained in this phase until they obtained 80% mastery across two

    Read More

  • Reflection Of Neurotypical

    1191 Words  | 3 Pages

    For example, our text describes two symptoms of ASD; 1. social communications and interactions 2. and limited patterns of repetitive behavior, interests, and or activities. This was all evident in the “Neurotypical” documentary. For example, Nicholas was unable to interact with girls or form relationships he believes he has nothing in common with them. Wolf suggested that autistic children are good at mimicking others and that nonverbal cues are important to watch out for. Violet, on the other hand, has a habit of repeating behaviors; she will repeat anything her parents say. In the text it also says severity of language problems vary child to child. In Violets case she does not fall under the mute category but instead she is able to speak in a few words, cry, and even laugh. Our text introduces the term for repetitive speech, echolalia. Violet tends to repeat a word or words her parents say either right away when she hears it or later

    Read More

  • Autism Annotated Bibliography

    1662 Words  | 4 Pages

    The author emphasises a unique approach to each individual who falls on the spectrum because each problem can be approached numerous ways to find a proficient solution. The author advocates that each individual experiencing ASD find a program or learning approach that works favorably for them. Siegel denotes that no two educational programs or teaching methods are the same, nor is there any program that is more effective than the other. When choosing a program, one must consider personal ability, necessary accommodations, and whether or not the curriculum is developmentally appropriate.

    Read More

  • ABA Therapy and Autism

    1267 Words  | 3 Pages

    Children who suffer from ASD usually have the appearance of normal development and then become withdrawn and regress from social interaction (Melinda Smith, 2013). The impaired social interaction of the disorder affects communication both verbally and non- verbally (Melinda Smith, 2013). Their communication with others and the world around them is also affected, as well as their thinking and behavior (Melinda Smith, 2013).

    Read More

  • Language Development in Individuals with Down Syndrome

    2336 Words  | 5 Pages

    Adamson, L., Bakerman, R., Deckner, D. & Romskey, M.(2008). Joint Engagement and the Emergence of Language in Children with Autism and Down Syndrome.

    Read More

  • BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION

    465 Words  | 1 Pages

    Behavior modification is based on the principles of operant conditioning, which were developed by American behaviorist B.F. Skinner. In his research, he put a rat in a cage later known as the Skinner Box, in which the rat could receive a food pellet by pressing on a bar. The food reward acted as a reinforcement by strengthening the rat's bar-pressing behavior. Skinner studied how the rat's behavior changed in response to differing patterns of reinforcement. By studying the way the rats operated on their environment, Skinner formulated the concept of operant conditioning, through which behavior could be shaped by reinforcement or lack of it. Skinner considered his discovery applicable to a wide range of both human and animal behaviors(“Behavior,” 2001).

    Read More

  • Teaching Writing to Students with Autism

    2045 Words  | 5 Pages

    Luiselli, James K. "Verbal Language and Communication." Teaching and Behavior Support for Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Practitioner's Guide. New York: Oxford UP, 2011. Print.

    Read More

  • Claire Frazier's Shaping Essay

    518 Words  | 2 Pages

    Shaping is key to Claire Frazier’s success in being able to mand. As defined in our text, Cooper, Heron, and Heward (1987), shaping is the use of differential reinforcement that promotes gradual changes in a response. If she were unable to say a specific word, shaping would be beneficial so she can properly pronounce it. For example, if Claire were unable to say, “toy”, shaping would allow her to approximate each sound in the word. We would start off by teaching her to say the “t” sound and then the “oy” sound. Both of which would be an approximation to the end goal. Afterwards, we would teach her to say both sounds together to properly pronounce, “toy.” Each word would be done on a case-by-case basis in reference to the need of shaping. Shaping will not be necessary to say certain words such as, “no”, seeing as how she is already able to pronounce it correctly.

    Read More

  • Addas Case Study In College

    399 Words  | 1 Pages

    I believe my AADSAS calculated undergraduate G.P.A. is an underrepresentation of my true academic abilities and knowledge of concepts needed to succeed in a rigorous and demanding dental curriculum. As a non-traditional student, I have courses being weighed against me from a time in my life where I was simply going through the motions, unmotivated, and irresponsible as well as was dealing with some of life’s toughest adversities. However, when I committed myself to my academic career and my future profession in dentistry, I achieved some of the highest levels of success including when repeating those failed attempts. Yet I only benefit from the average of

    Read More

  • PECS: Enhancing Communication in Autistic Children

    629 Words  | 2 Pages

    The speech output technologies include the speech-generating devices (SGD), talking word processors and mobile technologies with AAC-specific applications. In this study, the authors compiled research evidence regarding the effectiveness of AAC intervention, specifically the speech output technologies, for individuals with autism. The authors studied 26 literature studies to determine the effect of SGDs as part of the treatment package for children with autism. The results of these literature studies showed that eight of these studies have conclusive results, six produced preponderant results, seven were classified as suggestive and the remaining was appraised as inconclusive. It means that not all of the studies arrived at the same conclusion, which means that SGDs still have limitations in obtaining its purpose. However, it was observed that the application of SGDs for the promotion of natural speech production seems is increasing and growing, based on the 2008 systematic review on the effects of AAC intervention conducted by Schlosser and Wendt. The conclusion stated by the author in this study is that the application of SGDs as an intervention for children with autism was considered successful in helping these children to improve the critical function of communication to them. It was also shown that there are some studies showing that the use of SGDs is a challenging approach. On the other hand, the authors recommend intensifying the study of SGD to target other communicative functions and

    Read More

  • Shaping In Human Behavior

    818 Words  | 2 Pages

    B.F Skinner was a famous and well-known behaviorist who conducted important research on shaping. He first began studying the process of behavior shaping with a pigeon. Skinner practiced trying to get the bird to learn how to bowl. The pigeon would have to swipe a wooden ball with its beak so the ball would go down a mini alley and hit a set of toy pins. This process involved a program, which in this case is a series of discriminative stimuli and reinforcements for small changes in response. The only way shaping can be successful is if you clearly know the behavioral subject and the target behavior. You should also know when to reinforce versus when not to.

    Read More

More about ABA therapy

Open Document