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Meaning and nature of epistemology
Meaning and nature of epistemology
Meaning and nature of epistemology
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What if everything that you perceive— people, the world, the universe — was not as it seems? Relativism is the concept that points of view have no absolute truth or validity, having only relative, subjective value according to differences in perception and consideration. Defined narrowly, epistemology is the study of knowledge and justified belief. As the study of knowledge, epistemology is concerned with the following questions: What are the necessary and sufficient conditions of knowledge? What are its sources? What is its structure, and what are its limits ("Epistemology ")?
Epistemic relativism is when the facts used to establish the truth or falsehood of any statement are understood to be relative to the perspective of those proving or falsifying the proposition. While many people scoff at the very idea of epistemic relativism , what they are turning down is a way of thinking that could potentially help solve many of the world's problems by looking at the different perspectives involved. For example, when a boy is given the task of cleaning up his room, he has several options to choose from. However, he choose to shove most of the items in his room either under the bed or in the closet. This most likely because he has weighed out the pros, cons, and risks of each option and chose the one that seemed the most rational to him. It may not have been rational to his mother, but she has a more experiences
and a different thought process to make decisions from when challenged with the same problem. When the mother reprimands the child she must, change the boy's perspective on the option of shoving the items in his room under his bed. If she fails in this, or does not acknowledge this, the child will continue to choose the ration...
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"Epistemology." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2005 Edition). Stanford University. Web. 29 Dec. 2014
Pritchard, Duncan. "Defusing Epistemic Relativism." Synthese 166.2 (2009): 397-412. Humanities International Index. Web. 2 Apr. 2014.
Riggs, Wayne. "Epistemic Risk And Relativism." Acta Analytica 23.1 (2008): 1-8. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Apr. 2014.
Rodriguez, Gregory. “Truth Is in the Ear of the Beholder.” Behrens and Rosen, pp. 484-85.
Cultural relativism is powerful and unique, ascertaining and appreciating people cultural. Cultural relativism is unique but can be hard to understand, upsetting the views, morals, and outlines of culture from the standpoint of that civilization. When analyzing the hominid culture, it provides the luxury of understanding their philosophy from their viewpoint. Taking in another culture without being basis can be daunting. Anthropologist deliberated cultures by exploiting two methods, the emic perspective, and etic perspective. Crapo, R. H. 2013, Section 1.1 defines, the Etic perspective that is, an outsider's or observer's alleged "objective" account—creates a model of a culture by using cross-culturally valid categories, which anthropologists
(1) Kelly, Thomas (2005). “The Epistemic Significance of Disagreement.” Oxford Studies in Epistemology. Eds. Tamar Szabo Gendler and John Hawthorne. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pg.1 – 36.
...ernational Journal Of Applied Philosophy 21.1 (2007): 1-24. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 Feb. 2014.
Wittgenstein, Ludwig; G. E. M. Anscombe, P.M.S. Hacker and Joachim Schulte (eds. and trans.). Philosophical Investigations. 4th edition, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. Print.
Locke's Essay is one of the classical documents of British empirical philosophy. His official concern is with epistemology, the theory of knowledge. Locke sees the u...
Moore, Brooke Noel., and Kenneth Bruder. "Chapter 6- The Rise of Metaphysics and Epistemology; Chapter 9- The Pragmatic and Analytic Traditions; Chapter 7- The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries." Philosophy: the Power of Ideas. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print.
Moral relativism is the concept that people’s moral judgement can only goes as far a one person’s standpoint in a matter. Also, one person’s view on a particular subject carries no extra weight than another person. What I hope to prove in my thesis statement are inner judgements, moral disagreements, and science are what defend and define moral relativism.
Nash, Ronald H., (1999). Life‘s ultimate questions: an introduction to philosophy, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49530, page 284, quoting Arthur Holmes, “ The Justification of World View Beliefs”
The Web. https://sakai.luc.edu/access/content/group/PHIL_181_014_5296_1142/Readings/ROSS3.pdf>. The "Ethical Relativism" Ethical Relativism. Lander,. Web.
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Rachels, J. (1986). The Challenge of Cultural Relativism. The elements of moral philosophy (pp. 20-36). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Spiro, M.E. ‘Cultural Relativism and the Future of Anthropology’, Cultural Anthropology, Vol. 1, No. 3. August, 1986, pp. 259-286. Available from:
The Nominalism versus Realism debate consumes philosophical discourse in the medieval era. Heavy hitting philosophers like Abelard, William of Ockham, and Roger Bacon wrote extensively on these subjects, giving modern scholars the ability to dissect their texts, and apply their arguments to current day issues in philosophy and morality. Nominalism, a highly prominent view in the medieval ages, causes problems in today’s society if accepted wholesale. Realism, on the other hand, considers more closely how rational beings think, and arguably does not present the same problems that Nominalism might. Relativism, like nominalism, is a dangerous concept philosophically and practically speaking.
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge. Epistemology studies the nature of knowledge, justification, and the rationality of belief. Much of the debate in epistemology centers on four areas: the philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and how it relates to such concepts as truth, belief, and justification, various problems of skepticism, the sources and scope of knowledge and justified belief, and the criteria for knowledge and justification. Epistemology addresses such questions as "What makes justified beliefs justified?", "What does it mean to say that we know something?" and fundamentally "How do we know that we know?"