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Religion and Ethics
The link between religion and ethics
Religion and Ethics
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Review of The Social History Of Truth by Steven Shapin Chapter 1 When someone says that something is true,they are usually stating that it corresponds to the facts of how things really are. Academic philosopher’s distiningish what is true and what is taken to be true by a process of sorting?No single being can constitute knowledge. All one can do is offer claims, with evidence, arguments and inducements to the community for its assessment.Knowledge is the result of the communities for its evaluations and action. Trust and the order of society went hand in hand.Richard Rorty believed that if epistemological differenting motion of the truth occurred. Then an “inforced'; agreement should be reached. Popper pointed that most of what we know about the world is based on the observations and communications of others. Trust is a great force in science. It is an unending means for the extension and modification of knowledge. Communication of the world around us through reports is very important in our understanding. Reports may vary because individuals are differently situated in time and space. What one man sees may not be what the others see because they have different points of view or perception of the same scene. Trust is the power of the social world. Trusted persons make some set of their future actions predictable when they make promises and they agree to forgot a certain amount of free action. It is this recognition of free action is at the center of the culture that justifies trust and allows trust to b accomplished and social order to be built and sustained.Chapter 2 Gentlemen were the only ones that possessed the quality of truthfulness. This quality was grounded in his placement in social, biological and economic circumstances. According to Sir Thomas Smith England was made up of four estates: king, major and minor nobility, gentlemen and yeomen. All were considered gentlemen except the yeomen. Gentlemen made up one to five percent of the English population. This small percent held all of the wealth and political power and spoke on behalf of the rest.Gentlemen were characterized according to their wealth. Much of their income came in the form of rents and agricultural land tilled by the unfree. The gentleman was under no obligation to work and was free of want. Aristotle characterized gentlemen to have ancient riches and virtue. The gentleman could also be characterized by their idleness.
From the fifth to the fifth teen century, Western Europe went through a period called the Age of Faith, also known as the “dark ages”. The church wanted more power and authority, and that implicated a few changes. Not only did the internal structure of the church change, but so did the external. Thus the Age of Faith was simulated, and encouraged battles and adventures. This age was influenced by many factors, such as the reforming of the church, rebuilding of the church, and the crusades.
The first criterion of a Greek tragedy is that the protagonist be a good person; doubly blessed with a good heart and noble intention. Sophocles reveals immediately at the start of the play that Oedipus is such a man. As is common in the Greek tragedy Oedipus is also an aristocrat. Born of the King and Queen of Thebes he is of true nobility. Oedipus on the other-hand believes his parents are the King and Queen of Corinth. Oedipus was abandoned as a baby and adopted by them. Because that information is known to the audience, and not to Oedipus prior to the start of the play, it is a perfect example of tragic irony because when he declares that he will find the murderer he is the man that he pursues. Here he is told by Tiresias,” I say you are the murderer you hunt” (1235). The theme of Oedipus the King is not clear-cut. The theme in this tragic play seems to be you can‘t escape your fate. Contentment leads to ignorance as Oedipus lends fate a hand in his bitter end. This trait is touched-on in these lines spoken by Creon. “Look at you, sullen in yielding, brutal in your rage- you’ll go too far. It’s perfect justice: natures like yours are hardest on themselves”(Sophocles 1242-1243). Oedipus is a true hero in the Greek tragedy. He has the fate of the community in his hands along with the noble character to take care of it himself. He announces his convictions to take this problem into his own hands and do whatever is necessary to lift the curse. Oedipus addresses the priests assembled before him, “ You can trust me; I am ready to help, I’ll do anything (Sophocles 1225). The city has this faith in him and the priest come to tell him so he will help them lift the curse. “Now we pray to you. You cannot equal the gods, your children know that...But we do rate you first of men,”(1226). He also appears to have Apollo’s ear, which makes him seem all-powerful to the audience; this is another standard of the classic Greek tragedy. Oedipus told his people, ”After painful search I found one cure: I acted at once.
... definitely believed himself. Consider the concept of “government secrets” in North by Northwest. The film is completely driven by the notion of keeping government secrets out of the hands of the enemy (no allegiances defined). All one knows is that the secrets pertain to U.S. safety and an enemy of the country is attempting to flee with them. The lack of explanation regarding exactly what the government secrets are definitely leaves a lot of room for imagination. While some might think that this was a gap in Hitchcock’s story it allows audiences a chance to be more involved in the narrative. They are allowed to fill in the gaps and determine how sinister the secrets are, while considering the lengths the characters have gone to procure or protect them. Once again, Hitchcock does a wonderful job of drawing the audience directly into the scene as a dynamic player.
Civilization is not only made by technological development but also by a set of rules. The rules remove man’s foul instincts such as “killing, incest, and cannibalism”, which are the elements that work to destroy civilization. Without guidelines or laws our actions would be the same as those of wild animals. Freud says that these laws and doctrines were established so that we could unite and band against the our enemy nature.
Cocteau’s Oedipus does not have to solve the riddle of the Sphinx because she gives him the answer a...
Here, Freud takes a distinctly modern view of an age-old problem of why humans are unh...
Many researchers have brainstormed into the idea of relativism of truth. They have come up with very many views about what is meant by the term truth and if it varies from one person to another. Relativism is the doctrine in which truth; morality and knowledge get existence with relationship with the society, culture or history, and are not absolute. Is the truth a constant? The argument brings many questions that still remain unresolved or have answers that are not satisfactory. This paper evaluates some views of some philosophers and the strengths and weaknesses of their views. It also looks at the weaknesses and strengths of relativism, as put to scale with absolutism, which is its contrast.
The play “Oedipus Rex” was written by an ancient Greek playwright named Sophocles. Sophocles is known for his compelling tragedies and well-rounded characters. The protagonist of Sophocles’ play “Oedipus Rex” is an honorable man however, chooses to lead a life of arrogance and pride known as hubris. This hubris is what ultimately causes Oedipus to unknowingly cause his own tragic demise. Oedipus fulfills the prerequisites set by Aristotle for a tragic hero. The events that conspire prior to the setting of the play create a perfect incubator for a tragic hero to develop. Through the heat of fate and Oedipus’ hubris, Oedipus transforms from a heroic king to a catastrophic excuse of a man. Oedipus loses everyone he loves because of his hasty judgments and arrogant attitude. The play “Oedipus Rex”, exemplifies Aristotle’s assertion of a tragic hero by King Oedipus’ explicit flaw of arrogance causing his fall from nobility and high estate.
February 2014. http://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/361/361-02.htm. Sommerville, J.P. Economy and Society in Early Modern England. The "Social structure" of the. February 2014.
Many people may have found themselves debating who the best fictional character is. While I’m sure there are many great fictional characters to consider, I believe that the most intriguing character by far is Hermione Jean Granger from the Harry Potter series. She is one of Harry Potter’s best friends and is very intelligent. Hermione is an amazing friend and always makes sure to help people when needed. There are many times throughout the series in which Hermione proves her amazing skill and character.
Alfred Hitchcock was a master mass communicator, sometimes misunderstood, who drew satisfaction from his ability to create something of a mass emotion (James, 4). When asked in an interview about the great success of Psycho, the film director said that the message of the film (its subject matter) or the acting did not a play major role (James, 4). However, what he truly cared about were the pieces of film, the photography and the soundtrack that made the audience scream (James, 4). The article’s author mentions comments from film critics such as Moira Walsh, Raymond Bellour and Willem Hesling (James, 5). The first one criticizes Hitchcock by saying that his interest in shocking the audience, as opposed to following the ordinary rules of good filmmaking, put him in a dangerous corner (James, 6). The violation of the very rules of good filmmaking that Walsh refers to are obvious in the fact that the seemingly main character of the movie Marion dies in the first forty-five minutes of the story. First of all, it suddenly and radically strays from what the audiences has presumed to be the most important character (James, 6). Second of all, the $40,000 that she steals in hopes of paying the debt of her lover and starting new life together, are only a bait to get the audience absorbed with the question of whether she will be caught or not (James, 6). Another violation that Hitchcock implemented was killing the main character - Marion. The character was played by Janet Leigh, a beautiful, rising movie starlet (James, 6). Up until then, the movie star was associated with glamour (James, 6). Thanks to Psycho, the audiences began to create new associative pathways such as vulnerability and even gruesome death (James, 6). As history shows, Psycho went down as a masterpiece and an example of a wonderful plot twist and an excellent
Mediterranean Basin was always known for its suitable climate and soil parameters for olive trees. Thus, the highest amount of olive oil production is based exactly in this region. During last decades Spain is the world`s top producer and exporter of olive oils and table olives, with more than 300 million of olive trees on its lands (Country profile-IOC, 2013). Most of the production accounts to the area of Andalusia.
It had been the results of the views and concepts expressed by thinkers. Philosophers or orators and not jurists or lawyers.
My definition of family is the people you hold very close to your heart. Once upon a time, I believed that a family consisted of a mother, father, brother, and sister. After my experience working with many types of families, I know there is no such thing as a “normal family”. Family can be the people who you live with or people you see daily. There is not a criterion to be a family member, if your heart feels someone is family then I would not question that.
My definition of family is a group of people who are related to each other.