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Good and evil in the history of literature
Flannery o'connor
Literature essay on the theme of good and evil
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The Catholic writer, Flannery O’Connor, has compiled two short fictional stories that share a similar view point into the hidden evils of life. These stories use characters, events, and objects to portray this idea. The two stories take an identical route to display that evil is concealed in the world, even in some of the purest things. These stories use characters, events, and objects to portray this idea. The stories she has written to support her argument are Good Country People and Enoch and the Gorilla Enoch and the Gorilla is a story about a man who steals a gorilla costume in order to pursue another identity. O’Connor bases this story around the theme of evil being concealed within an object. Enoch and the Gorilla begins with Enoch …show more content…
going to mock the man in the gorilla suit. When Enoch gets there the man in the costume gets irritated with him and says, “Go to hell” (111). When Enoch hears this it causes a radical shift in his character and he becomes enraged and runs away. This serves as an excellent example of evil being concealed in an object. The man in the gorilla suit can be viewed as the devil. The devils greatest trick is deceiving people and appearing as something he is not. In this case the devil appears as the man within the gorilla suit. Another example of a hidden evil within the story is concealed with in the title. The name Enoch comes from Genesis 4:17. Genesis 4:17 says, “Cain made love to his wife, and she became pregnant and gave birth to Enoch.” By naming the protagonist Enoch, O’Connor is referring to a great evil. She is showing that the greatest evil in the story was hidden in man himself. O’Connor ends her story with a line that reads, “It sat down on the rock where they had been sitting and stared over the valley at the uneven skyline of the city” (116). The “it” O’Connor is referring to is evil, the evil that was concealed in Enoch. O’Connor makes a vast amount of other connections to her overall theme of hidden evil. In her story, Good Country People, O’Connor again writes about the idea of concealed evil.
The story is about a woman named Hulga who gets deceived by a bible salesman. The sales man comes to the door and asks Mrs. Freeman if anyone would like to buy a Bible. Her initial response is, “May daughter is an atheist and won’t let me keep the Bible in the parlor” (278), so she does not buy the Bible. The salesman does not get any business from them but he manages to get a date with Hulga. At this point in the story O’Connor begins to firmly develop the idea of evil being concealed. The two go to a barn where Hulga thinks it will be romantic and genuinely nice. However, the idea she put in her head ends up the opposite. When they get there the salesman takes out a hollow Bible that contains items that are evil. Inside are booze, cards, and condoms. O’Connor uses this as an example of concealed evil because the Bible is revered as a holy book and inside was a hidden evil. Another example of evil within this story is when the salesman takes Hulga’s leg. While the two are talking he brings up her wooden leg and says, “Show me how to take it off and on” (289). Hulga feels like she has to submit to his command and shows him. After he takes her leg off and does not give it back. Hulga’s leg was the only thing that kept her standing, and can also be viewed as her soul. The salesman literally took Hulga’s soul out of the evil in his heart. O’Connor’s point in this scene is that even the
people that appear morally good on the outside can be morally wrong on the inside. Overall, her message is that evil can be concealed in anything. In conclusion, O’Connor’s stories are written with the same intention and moral lesson. They both convey the idea of evil being concealed within anything. O’Connor does a stellar job supporting her points which makes these stories interesting. Overall, they were insightful and had a deeper meaning that is relevant within today’s society.
Miles claims that ‘In the context of the universal failure of the will, Zofloya’s croaking delight in the ‘natural’ primacy of the self takes on a demonic plausibility’ (Miles 170). Returning to the previous argument that evil resides in the human brain, this novel aggravates that fear. Zofloya does not just represent Satan, he represents the evil that most worried dwelled within them. Adriana Craciun mentions Dacre’s insistence that ‘female and male subjects are driven by a will to power and possess an infinite sadistic capacity, which in her age translates into a “love of evil”’ (Craciun 21). Concerning the society that Dacre was publishing her novel for, this “love of evil” was a concept to be feared in most
He has qualities of “good country people” by selling bibles and “not attending college but devotes his life to Christian service” (178). His appearance and name is a great symbol that signifies of something that is not real which connects to Hulga’s name. Manley’s name has an impact towards Hulga because his name signifies a manly figure which is a missing part in Hulga’s life. On the other hand his last name Pointer symbolizes great divulge of something amazing that will stand out in Hulga’s way. However his name is seen as a false and in reality symbolizes the emptiness of a male presence and the revelation that her life consists of only falsities. O’Conner also used a great mirror description between a bible and his name. Manly pulled out two bibles though one “was hollow and contained a pocket flask of whisky, a pack of cards and a small blue box with printing on it” (192). O’Conner used this hallow bible filled with several profane and contrary items as a symbolism to expose the meaning of Manley’s true self character. Manley is seen as a true nihilist, and through his name, hollow bible and false Christian morals he has revealed himself towards Hulga, as a true meaning of simply believing in nihilistic
Claudia Card begins by questioning the difference between wrong and evil. How do we know when something crosses the line between being just wrong, to being an evil act? How does hatred and motive play a part in this? How can people psychologically maintain a sense of who they are when they have been the victims of evil? Card attempts to explain these fundamental questions using her theory of evil; the Atrocity Paradigm (Card, pg.3).
The gorilla, named Ishmael, can communicate telepathically. Communicating with him in this fashion, the narrator learns Ishmael’s background - in which the gorilla was stolen from the wild and displayed in a menagerie, then rescued by a Holocaust survivor who taught him his name and how to learn. Impressed, the narrator decides to accept his teachings, returning to Ishmael's office throughout the story.
On the surface, O'Connor's A Good Man is Hard to Find appears innocent enough in its content. But as the reader becomes more and more involved in the symbolic underpinnings that embody the story, it is quite clear that there is a distinctive flavor of evil versus Christianity. In fact, it has been argued that the extent to which O'Connor utilizes the central theme of Christianity is as a subtle, symbolic plot to convert her readers, whom she had envisioned as nonbelievers. By demonstrating to her audience all the good that comes from faith, along with all the bad that merely begets more evil, it was her intention to enlighten her readership down the right path.
She presents two contradictory images of society in most of her fiction: one in which the power and prevalence of evil seem so deeply embedded that only destruction may root it out, and another in which the community or even an aggregate of individuals, though radically flawed, may discover within itself the potential for regeneration. (34)
Many stories people read are written for the express purpose of entertainment and sometimes even to persuade, but few are written to teach a moral. The story “A Fable with Slips of White Paper Spilling From The Pockets” written by Kevin Brockmeier does just that. Although relatively short, the story is filled with words of wisdom and life lessons that are meant to instill a sense of selflessness. The story is about a man who finds God’s overcoat from which he finds prayers from the people he encounters. Kevin Brockmeier makes exceptional use of magic realism and symbolism to teach a moral lesson.
For instance, in the beginning of the story, Goodman Brown must leave his newly wed wife, Faith, at sunset for an appointment in the nearby forest. Since his wife worries that he would not return safely, he comforts her and “vows to be true to Faith and to their religious faith” (Lawson). Once Brown arrives at the forest, he is acquainted with a “figure of a man, with grave and decent attire, seated at the foot of an old tree” (“Young Goodman Brown”). This man is eerily “bearing a considerable resemblance to him” which equates that “they might have been taken for father and son” (“Young Goodman Brown”). Though the stranger appears harmless, little did Brown know, that he will actually take a journey with the devil. This is an example that evil and sin can be in many forms and deceptions. As Brown continues on his excursion through the woods, he learns that religious idols with virtuous reputations in the village have done sinful deeds. This makes Brown’s faith in God waver. Sequently, Brown becomes frantic and questions if Faith could also be a victim of this “pious and ungodly” distortion until he sees “something [fluttering] lightly down through the air… a pink ribbon” (“Young Goodman Brown”). As evidence that his worst thought imaginable came true, he cried, “My Faith is gone!” meaning he lost his beloved and innocent wife to Satan
O’Conner believed that one must be shocked into salvation to be saved. Thus, Hulga’s trauma is the start of her journey to redemption. Ironically, Manley Pointer was used as an “agent of God” to change Hulga’s life even though he was lying when he said he has devoted himself to Christian service. The moment of truth for Joy occurs when she realizes she has been swindled and Pointer was only after her prosthetic. However, the fleeting feeling of belonging to someone and being completely surrendered has placed a new yearning in her heart. According to O’Conner’s beliefs, the path to salvation is not easy and it is marked by suffering and disaster, but the joy and hope that results is worth any pain along the way. Whether “redemption” is the right word or not, every person will have a moment in their life when they are stripped of control and must rely entirely on a constituent beyond their
The clash between good and evil has been a prominent theme in literature. The Bible presents the conflict between good and evil in the story of Adam and Eve. Many authors use the scene in the Bible in which the snake taunts and tempts Adam and Eve to take a bite of the apple of knowledge to demonstrate the frailty of humankind. John Gardner provides these same biblical allusions of good and evil in his novel, Grendel.
In Flannery O’Connor’s stories, “Good Country People”, “Everything that Rises Must Converge”, ”A Good Man is Hard to Find”, and “The Life You Save May Be Your Own”, there are many similar characters and situations. Few, if any of the characters are likeable, and most of them are grotesque. Two of the stories have characters that view themselves as superior in one way or another to those around them, and in some cases these characters experience a downfall, illustrating the old proverb, “Pride goeth before a fall” (King James Bible ,Proverbs 16:18). Two of the stories include a character that has some type of disability, three of the stories showcase a very turbulent relationship between a parent and child, and three of the stories contain a character that could easily be described as evil.
Bambara, Toni Cade. “Gorilla, My Love.” The Norton Introduction to Literature. 10th ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 294-298. Print.
When anyone thinks of the word “evil” they do not think it is within themselves. In reality, without a structured and well-followed society, people are apt to follow their own corrupt desires and neglect the thought of consequence. In the allegory, Lord of the Flies, William Golding reveals that man’s selfishness and sinful nature will be unmasked when the structure of a society deteriorates.
The theme of good vs evil manifests itself in human nature. What is considered to be evil usually varies for different people. The one similarity is that evil harms others. Parallel to this idea is the one common conception of goodness and that it betters others’ lives. Short stories often prove this. In Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery,” the evil is the town’s people killing one person and the goodness is their kind side that hesitates to do so. In this example the evil unfortunately wins. Contradicting this story is Sherman Alexie’s “A Good Story” where the protagonist defends his people from the frightful stereotypes they possess. John Newton refers to it as “A residual politics of recovered authenticity… (Newton).” The story’s purpose is
This paper will explore the three elements of innate evil within William Golding's, Lord of the Flies, the change from civilization to savagery, the beast, and the battle on the island. Golding represents evil through his character's, their actions, and symbolism. The island becomes the biggest representation of evil because it's where the entire novel takes place. The change from civilization to savagery is another representation of how easily people can change from good to evil under unusual circumstances. Golding also explores the evil within all humans though the beast, because it's their only chance for survival and survival instinct takes over. In doing so, this paper will prove that Lord of the Flies exemplifies the innate evil that exists within all humans.