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Ethics and corporate governance
Abram Maslow's hierarchy of need
Ethics within corporations
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Recommended: Ethics and corporate governance
1. Task 1 - Background
A locally owned manufacturing company in the business of production, distribution and services in the chemical coatings and pigments has been recently been acquired by a multi-national corporation. This recent move has unfortunately not spared the fate of the aftermath of merger, resulting in a minor restructuring and the resignation of one of the directors and a few staff.
Due to the current situation in the company, my director and I were employed to relook into the HR issues as well as any impending areas of concern in the newly acquired company. In our last 3 months of observations in the company, we need to reevaluate the organization status and to perhaps propose solutions addressing the key challenges, gaps and
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Maslow?s Hierarchy of Needs provides managers & HR practitioners a systematic way of examining the different needs employees may have at any given point and clarifies different responses they may have to similar treatment. An employee who is satisfying his esteem needs may feel gratified when his supervisor praises him. Conversely, another employee who is trying to satisfy his ?Belongingness? needs may be unhappy being praised by upper management in front of peers if the praise sets him apart from the rest of the group. By spending effort to satisfy the various needs of the employees, companies may ensure a more highly motivated workforce. Maslow?s Hierarchical Needs though provide an speedy reference to individual?s needs, it provides an overly simplistic deduction & is too rigid to be holistic. Thus, it?s often accompanied & compared with other motivation theories in application.
b) Alderfer?s ERG Theory?(Alderfer, 1969)?compressed Maslow's hierarchy of needs from five to three: Existence, Relatedness & Growth. Thus, the acronym ERG.
Existence being the most basic level corresponds to Maslow?s Physiological needs & Safety needs. Relatedness is synonymous to Maslow?s ?Belongingness or Social? needs level. Growth need refers to Maslow?s esteem and self actualization
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory can possibly give an explanation to the manager’s actions. Specifically, the lower-order need “Safety”. The manager changed the free food policy from 6 hours to 12 hours in order to protect the stability of the company, his bonus, and stop employees from bad behavior. Under Alderfer’s ERG Theory the manager was pursuing his “Growth Needs.” He attempted to stop a behavior that tarnishes his work record and prevents him from receiving a bonus. Subject to McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory the manager catered to the “Need for Achievement.” The manager hoped the policy change would be successful by stopping the bad behavior, and raise percentages back up. “Motivator Factors” under Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
As reported by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), depression occurs in over 26% of adolescents and can lead to morbidity, mortality, and social problems that can last into adulthood (SCREENING FOR DEPRESSION IN ADOLESCENTS -- RISKS AND BENEFITS, 2015). Signs of adolescent depression can sometimes be different than adults, and possibly harder to identify. It is most often identified as an increase in negative behaviors or somatic complaints such as an upset stomach (SCREENING FOR DEPRESSION IN ADOLESCENTS -- RISKS AND BENEFITS, 2015). Behavioral changes that are associated with adolescent depression include an increase in irritability, tantrums, anger outbursts, decrease in school performance, and social isolation (SCREENING
A pyramid was proposed by an American psychologist, which came to be know as “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.” This concept that he brings through this theory is that to move up in human existence, in consciousness, we must first fulfill our needs based in order of their importance for our survival. If we are lacking security and safety we will not seek out, maybe even be unable to recognize, possess, or reciprocate, love.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are the things stages in life by which you develop from a primitive creature, to a more human being. These stages include physiological needs, safety and security, belongingness, esteem, and finally self-actualization. I subconsciously work toward each one of these levels every single day. Although it seems basic, the hierarchy is much more in depth than one might think.
The credible version of hierarchy of needs of Maslow (1943, 1954), have five motivational levels that are arranged in a pyramid with depicted levels. The stages are divided in basic needs which include, psychological, love, safety, and esteem. These needs are also primary of deficiency needs. The other needs are growth needs which incorporate self-actualization needs. When basic needs are not met, they are said to motivate people. The strength of the desire of such needs depends with the time in which they are denied. For example, the more a person lacks food, the hungrier that person becomes. Basic needs must be satisfied before a person proceeds to satisfy other needs in the higher levels. When basic needs are satisfied reasonably, the person can now strive at achieving the self-actualization level, which is the highest level.
Unlike many of his colleagues at the time who were focusing on psychopathology, or what is wrong with individuals, he focused on how individuals are motivated to fulfill their potential and what needs govern their respective behaviors (McLeod)). Maslow developed the hierarchy over time, adjusting from a rigid structure where needs must be met before being able to achieve a higher level, to where the individuals can experience and behave in ways across the hierarchy multiple times daily depending on their needs. The hierarchy is comprised of 5 levels; Physiological, Safety and Security, Love and Belonging, Esteem, and Self-Actualization. The bottom two levels are considered basic needs, or deficiency needs because once the needs are met they cease to be a driving factor, unlike psychological needs. Loving and Belonging and Esteem needs are considered psychological needs, and are different from basic needs because they don’t stem from a lack of something, but rather the desire to grow. Maslow theorizes that individual’s decisions and behavior are determined based on their current level of needs, and the ideal level to achieve full potential culminates in self-actualization; however, operating on this level cannot be achieved until the preceding levels of needs have been
Considering the fact sixty-two percent of people watch television every day, most people don’t realize how advertising commercials use Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to sell products. They use this to sell products because Maslow’s needs come in five levels and describe the things that each person wants to achieve in life. The levels start with the Physiological needs which are the basic needs such as food and water. The second level is safety this level deal with things such as employment, security of the body and more. The third level is Love/Belonging and deals with friendship and family. The fourth level is Esteem needs and appeals to people’s confidence, achievement, and others things. The final level every person wants to achieve
In 1943, psychologist Abraham Maslow developed a theory of basic human needs: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. His theory suggests that embedded in the very nature of each human being are certain needs that must be attained in order for a person to be whole physically, psychologically, and emotionally. First, there are phys...
Abraham Maslow wrote the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. This theory was based on fulfilling five basic needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. Maslow believed that these needs could create internal pressures that could influence the behavior of a person. (Robbins, p.204)
EXPLANATION OF MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS Physiological needs (survival needs) –These needs are the most important and most obvious because without them no human being can survive. There are the basic elements an individual needs to survive, they are the very first level of needs. These needs are the needs every individual needs to survive. These include the basic needs such as water, food, homeostasis, nutrition, shelter, air, clothing and being able to reproduce sexually for the formation of more generations. Water and air are the metabolic requirements of survival in both the human race as well as animals. If any of these are short in supply or this need has not been fulfilled the human body is not able to function properly resulting in death (Maslow, 1970). Safety and Security needs – These needs are a bit more complex and are relatively satisfied. Once the Physiological needs have been fulfilled then only can the individual start to worry about meeting their needs for safety and security. Safety of being safe is the feeling one gets when they know they are in no danger and nothing will harm them physically. At this level these needs become primary needs as every individual needs and wants total order and control over their lives as it contributes to each person’s behaviour. These needs include; finding a job, earning enough to survive the whole month with their expenses considered, living in a safe neighbourhood with no fear of being robbed or having one’s house broken into, access to government resources and access to health facilities. These safety needs also refer to financial security and feeling safe from harm in the workplace (Cherry, 2012). Love/Belonging needs (social needs) –These needs are also known as socia...
in the form of a pyramid to explain how people move from physiological needs to self-actualization resulting in a complete personality. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ranked from the basic physiological needs and psychological needs which must be fulfilled before satisfying self-actualization needs. Maslow believed that motivation is driven by the presence of unfulfilled needs.
Abraham Maslow did studies of the basic needs of human beings. He put these needs into a hierarchical order. This means that until the need before it has been satisfied, the following need can not be met (Encyclopedia, 2000). For example, if someone is hungry they are not thinking too much about socializing. In the order from lowest to highest the needs are psychological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. The first three are classified as lower order needs and the last two are higher order (Hierarchy, 2000). Without meeting these needs workers are not going to be as productive as they could otherwise. The first three are considered to be essential to all humans at all times. The last two have been argued but are mostly considered to be very important as well.
The Hierarchy of needs theory, by Maslow, shows the basic and the advanced needs that the person should fulfill to reach his or her highest potential. That is why the theory is best depicted as a pyramid including seven stages. The first stage is physiological needs: water, body temperature, sleep, and sex. When one satisfies those needs, he or she can go to the next stage. Safety needs is the second stage. Here, the person is concerned about his safety and stability, so he tries to find a good job to support himself financially, and also find a good home in a safe place. The third stage is belongingness and love. To love and be loved and accepted becomes very important in this stage, so the person starts to worry about his relationships. Being accepted and loved will lead successfully to the fourth stage, which is esteem needs. In this level, the person is more concerned about achieving and gaining approval. Ones those needs are fulfilled, the cognitive needs come to be a priority. This fifth level is attained by seeking knowledge and explor...
Maslow, a popular humanistic psychologist, developed his hierarchy of needs based of the assumptions above. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs was also developed as result to his desire to understand what motivated people. Maslow theory states that people are motivated by achieving specific needs, not by unconscious desires or rewards like other theories would suggest. Maslow’s hierarch of needs features five levels, which are often represented in a pyramidal structure. Once an individual satisfies needs in one level, they will be able to move on to the next level.
Furthermore, there are three theories which explain the different factors in how employees are motivated based on their needs. The first theory, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, was proved by Abraham Maslow in the years of 1943 and 1954 (McLeod, 2013). Maslow believed that society developed their motivations depending on their needs. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is a theory in which five motivational needs( self-actualization,esteem, belongingness and love, safety, and psychological) are demonstrated in a hierarchy pyramid. The five motivational needs are divided into three categories(basic, psychological, and