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Criticism of social control theory
Criticism of social control theory
Criticism of social control theory
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Society has always been divided into social classes. Each class has a valuable aspect that contributes and makes our society run smooth. As much as we try to make our society reflect a Utopian world, there will always be a struggle within the caste system as Karl Marx mentions in his philosophy Marxism. In the book Brave New World written by Aldous Huxley in 1946, Huxley portrays a Utopian world but one that show a lot of problems even in a so called “perfect world”. Each social class will eventually have to struggle no what, in a Utopian world or not. Huxley explains that there is no stability if individuals lack stability. Huxley writes, “No stability without individual stability.”(Huxley 42). In Brave New World, stability means control …show more content…
and control means power. In order for stability to be possible in a Utopian world individuals must give up their own identity and sense of community. If people are getting drugged and really are not being their selves then I believe that the society they live in is not perfect but corrupt. They are giving away their freedom and the concept freedom is very essential to humanity. This so called “perfect world” comes with a great price to pay. Donald Hall in the text Literary and Cultural Theory, writes about in any given society, there will always be a class struggle.
Hall states, “Class struggle is necessary and inevitable”(Hall 77). I agree with Hall because in any given conditions in society, people will always have questions because that is human nature, people will eventually challenge the status quo. For example, Huxley explains, “often in the past he had understood what it would be like to be subjected (soma-less) and with nothing.”(Huxley 103). In this sentence, I believe Huxley is referring to Bernard because he somehow senses that here is something wrong in the society he lives in. Authorities saw this and try to oppress him by trying to give him heavier doses of soma to keep him happy in the society. The lower classes know that change can start with only one person standing up for what they believe …show more content…
in. People in this book are being conditioned to hate books and flowers to keep the caste system in balance. Huxley writes, “We don’t encourage them to indulge in any solitary amusements.”(Huxley 163). In this society kids are not encouraged to read books because if they start reading then they are acquiring knowledge which opens opportunities to a better job. Of course in this Utopian society kids are being controlled to hate books so that they don’t become more intelligent. This is why I believe this society is corrupt. People should be able to change their social class by perusing a higher education. Hall explains, “…vague terms such as “upper class” and “lower class” have boundaries that are open to debate…”(Hall 74). Hall is saying that that social class can and should change. There is no limit to what a person can achieve. Goals are set and people make an effort to try and meet these goals that they have set for themselves. Higher classes have always followed traditional ways of doing things. For example in the old times, the bourgeoisie exploit their workers in labor because they simply do not matter to social. In fact they are wrong about that because the workers (proletariat class) are the back bone of our society. Huxley expresses, “ Not philosophers but fretsawyers and stamp collectors compose the back bone of society.”(Huxley 4). Hall further explains, “… the working class, who sell their labor and bodies but control none of the institutions or structures that generate the great wealth of the bourgeoisie.”(Hall 74). In this Utopian society, the “lower classes” are still not given the credit they deserve and will not get the chance to because they are always drugged and seem to be happy with their job that has been given to them not by choice of their own. They cannot write their own destiny because they have already been predestined since they were sperm cells. According to the website, , society on its own creates social classes that help production or the economy. The website states, “Each society created a ruling class and a subordinate class as a result of their mode of production or economy.” (infed.org). In the society that Huxley portrays, it seems that production is what sets the division of the classes. Every day workers in this Utopian world, report to their jobs everyday and do the same thing yet they do not complain about being treated like robots. It’s all about production in this society there is no time for family or time to relax because these ideas do not exist. People are not to have families, feelings, or enjoy the beauty that the world offers. Huxley writes, “We condition the masses to hate the country.” People cannot be free which is inhumane. In Marxism, the idea is of Materialism is a big concept. The same concept is applied in this Utopian world, where every individual take soma, a drug. This is an other aspect that contributes to the people being oppressed. Besides being mind controlled, loveless, and false happiness. According the website, < isj.org.uk/more-than-opium-marxism-and-religion/>, “The material world does not derive, in the first instance, from human thought; human thought derives from the material world.”(isj.org.uk). Humans are made to believe that everything is okay and doing fine but in reality are being controlled. The material part is their job, as long as they are occupied they are happy but that is just false happiness. In Brave New World control is everything.
For example Huxley explains, “…ninety-six human beings grow where only one grew before. Progress.”(Huxley 6). In order for control, they started making clones for this “Bokanovsky Process” where out of one embryo they made ninety-six copies of one person were made. People are already being mind control, now they are being cloned, is this where our society today is going? Humanity is being stripped from us quicker than we think. In the website, < http://huxley.net/ >, expresses, “Individuality is suppressed. Intellectual excitement and discovery have been abolished.”(huxley.net). Since these clones are being conditioned to hate things that are able to help lower classes like the epsilons. It seems that a perfect world cannot be reach without a social class being oppressed. No individual can ever be creative or unique in their own way because society has accepted the idea that they are powerless, Huxley writes, “In so far as it recognized him as important, the order of things was good”(Huxley 157). In the lower classes’ perspective, they cannot rebel or challenge the status quo but instead they are afraid. Lower classes have more power than they believe. If they would unite and stand up for
themselves. Scientific advancement might actually lead to what Huxley writes in Brave New World. As Hall writes, “…certain material realities help determine the quality of our lives and the opportunities available to us.”(Hall 76). Scientist will continually try to find a way to make a “perfect society” but the reason is because they think that the power to make that into reality is with scientific materials. Materials are what control our society today even more and more every day. The following passage explains, “Mass production demanded the shift.”(Huxley 228).
The tone during the whole plot of in Brave New World changes when advancing throughout the plot, but it often contains a dark and satiric aspect. Since the novel was originally planned to be written as a satire, the tone is ironic and sarcastic. Huxley's sarcastic tone is most noticeable in the conversations between characters. For instance, when the director was educating the students about the past history, he states that "most facts about the past do sound incredible (Huxley 45)." Through the exaggeration of words in the statement of the director, Huxley's sarcastic tone obviously is portrayed. As a result of this, the satirical tone puts the mood to be carefree.
Social stability can be the cause of problems. After reading Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, we are informed that “Bokanovsky’s Process is one of the major instruments of social stability!” Now is it worth it? Is it worth the sacrifice? Questions like those are addressed throughout the book. Huxley wants to warn us of many things, for example the birth control pill, the way that we can colon ourselves and many other things. He wanted us to know that many of the experiments that they do to the caste in Brave New World, we were later going to do investigate more ourselves or start doing them to others. We have all, at a point; come to a point to the question where we ask ourselves “is it worth it? Is it worth the sacrifice?”
The class system has been in place within humanity since the very birth of economic trade. It is a fact of life that others will seek self-betterment and gain power to provide for those that they love and their own personal interest. Throughout the years the implementation of a social class system has helped to differentiate the types of economic situations as nation and serve as a system to work toward the betterment of the society as a whole. However, as the world became more productive and the gaps between the higher classes and lower classes increased the efficiency of the social class system and the decisions made from the individuals within it has been called into question. Kalen Ockerman opened the channel to question if the class system is the helpful institution that benefits of all its citizens or if the lower classes are not getting the support and attention they deem necessary.
If everyone is created to be exactly equal, it makes sense that everybody would feel valued and individual, right? Wrong. The notorious novel, “Brave New World,” written by Aldous Huxley, refines the flaws of a strictly controlled utopia through one specific character, Bernard Marx. Bernard is one man among many machine-birthed personages in a crazed world hundreds of years from now in which God is Henry Ford, sex is all that matters (although actually conceiving children is immoral), and everyone is brainwashed by a drug called Soma which induces artificial glee. Bernard begins as an innocent Alpha with minor physical defects, creating unwanted harsh judgement and separation from others. As the story continues, he becomes puffed up in pride
The novel Brave New World written by Aldous Huxley has been reviewed over time by many different people. Neil Postman is a man who has read Huxley’s novel and came to conclusions himself about the comparison between the novel, and the modern day problems we have in today’s society. Postman has made many relevant assertions as to how our modern society is similar to what Huxley had written about in his novel. The three main points I agree on with Postman is that people will begin to love their oppression; people would have no reason to fear books; and that the truth will be drowned by irrelevance. The first assertion Postman made regarded people loving their oppression.
The first way Aldous Huxley shows the art of happiness is through the World State’s motto, “community, identity, and stability”. Being oneself is the best person one can be. Bernard says “I’d rather be myself. Myself and nasty. Not somebody else, however jolly” (Huxley 89). Bernard gets mocked for being short but he does not want be anybody else, he wants to be himself. Have you ever wondered what it would be like if we were all the same? Lenina says “everybody belongs to everyone else” (Huxley 26). This is a powerful quote by Lenina and describes the World State society accurately how the D.H.C
An important characteristic of a utopia is the use of propaganda to control the citizens. Throughout A Brave New World, the citizens are given tablets of soma from before they have the freedom to deny it, forcing them to rely on the drug. The government uses soma as propaganda by altering the mind and forcing everyone to believe they are happy. Even after they have the power to speak up, they believe the director when he says, “swallow two or three half-gramme tablets, and there you are. Anybody can be virtuous now. You can carry at least half your morality about in a bottle” (Huxley __). Now that everyone is hooked on the drug and the government constantly tells them how great it is, no one wants to speak up, letting the government control them with this drug. Along with the whole community taking soma, citizens are also expected to conform to expectations and not individuals. In The World State, it is very often to see groups of identical twins and think it is completely normal. Although these twins are identical, some will grow up to be Alphas, while others will be Epsilons. In these different classes, each individual is expected to conform, by wearing the same color as their class and having the same job. Alphas are considered the highest, but “Alphas are so conditioned that they do not have to be infantile in their emotional behavior. But that is all the more reason for their making a special effort to conform. It is their duty to be infantile, even against their inclination " (Huxley 98). This situation shows how even Alphas, the highest class are forced to conform to unattainable perfection. Alphas are programmed to be mature, but at the same time it is their job to act childish, and they are punished if they do not meet the expectations of their class. The
In Huxley's novel; the Fordian society is opposing the Indian reservation. The Fordian society is a world state where everything is controled from birth to death. Population is limited to a maximum of two billion people, children raised in hatcheries and then divided into different castes. Jason Kelliher in his 2013 academic article How Beauteous Mankind Is: “Utopian (in)humanity as Questioned by Shakespeare and Answered by Huxley published by the Bridgewater State University, depicts this notion of castes in a marxist way of “class conflict” with high (Alpha) and low (Delta and Epsilon) classes and we can add the marxist notion of workers's alienation. The scientific dimension is not as important in the Indian reservation where people are
Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World illustrates a colorful, fantastic universe of sex and emotion, programming and fascism that has a powerful draw in a happy handicap. This reality pause button is called “Soma”. “Take a holiday from reality whenever you like, and come back without so much as a headache or a mythology.” ( Huxley 54 ).
The caste system of this brave new world is equally ingenious. Free from the burdens and tensions of a capitalistic system, which separates people into social classes by natural selection, this dictatorship government is only required to determine the correct number of Alphas, Betas, all the way down the line. Class warfare does not exist because greed, the basic ingredient of capitalism, has been eliminated. Even Deltas and Epsilons are content to do their manual labor. This contentment arises both from the genetic engineering and the extensive conditioning each individual goes through in childhood. In this society, freedom, such as art and religion, in this society has been sacrificed for what Mustapha Mond calls happiness. Indeed almost all of Huxley's characters, save Bernard and the Savage, are content to take their soma ration, go to the feelies, and live their mindless, grey lives.
Aldous Huxley famously once said in his novel, Brave New World, that there is “No social stability, without individual stability.” This ideology is specifically true in society’s lives today, as in order for us to work together in a community, we must first satisfy all of our individual needs. Humans are all innately selfish and self-centred and when our lives are on the line we will think more about ourselves than our neighbours and peers. A community of people is a mixture of people from different backgrounds and cultures who hold a multitude of different ideologies and beliefs. In order for a community to retain its stability and thus its health and harmony, the stability of each of its individual members must be fulfilled. A person’s independent security can only obtain stability through an abundance of a variety of resources at their disposal, a set of rules or laws and people who enforce them, and a community that they feel they belong in and share the same ideological beliefs. Without these basic needs, an
Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, portrays a future society where people are no longer individuals but are controlled by the World State. The World State dominates the people by creating citizens that are content with who they are. Brave New World describes how the science of biology and psychology are manipulated so that the government can develop technologies to change the way humans think and act. The World State designs humans from conception for this society. Once the humans are within the society the state ensures all people remain happy. They program these humans to have needs and desires that will sustain a lucrative economy while not thinking of themselves as an individual. Huxley describes the Worlds State’s intent to control their society through medical intervention, happiness, and consumerism which has similarities to modern society.
In this world where people can acquire anything they need or want, we have to wonder, “Is the government controlling us?” Both the governments in A Brave New World and in the United States of America offer birth control pills and have abortion clinics that are available for everyone, thus making birth control pills and abortion operations very easy to acquire. Although both governments offer birth control pills and abortion clinics, A Brave New World’s government requires everyone to take the pills and immediately get an abortion when pregnant. This in turn shows us that A Brave New World’s government is controlling the population and the development of children. China is one of the few countries that currently have control of the development of children. In controlling the development of its children, China is also controlling the population levels. In any country, controlling the amount of children a single family can have can dramatically decrease the population levels. Just by having birth control pills and abortion clinics there for anybody to take advantage of shows that the involvement of either government is already too high.
They do not try to exceed what is expected from them or to better themselves because they are happy in the position they find themselves in. The people love what they are doing they do not desire any change in their lives what's there more to want when you are doing what you love everyday. Eliminating the class struggle by having the people love their class is the method used for achieving the utopian society found in Huxley’s Brave New World.
In the novel, Brave New World, Aldous Huxley wrote about his idea of a futuristic, manmade society. This future world is not one of a hopeful, or a perfect utopia; the opposite is true in this novel. It becomes clear early in this story that the created society is a disturbing dystopia where, technological advancement controls the citizens and strips them of their individuality. This future world focuses on the entire collective civilization whose importance is that of economy, industry and improving technology these are the things that society feels will make them happy. The individual has no place in the Brave New World, a world where science is used to enslave humans and