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Oppression in literature
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We (1952) by Yevgeny Zamyatin and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) by George Orwell both focus on post-revolution political thought, the rise of authoritarianism that had engulfed Europe in the early twentieth century and the organized, systematic removal of the individual. November, 1917, Bolshevik forces under the control of Lenin, seized control of Russia and gave birth what would be the eventual colossus of the Soviet Union. Led to believe they were leading the world into a new order a golden age in freedom, abandoning the medieval servitude of serfdom, they were force fed to the Russian proletariat. The belief was that the Russian people would be freed from their oppressive masters. However, this was seemingly all too idealistic as soon personal …show more content…
meant to benefit the people, the destruction of language; shown with a greater presence of an authoritarian viewpoint in Nineteen Eighty-Four, with “newspeak”. The goal of “newspeak” is to surpass that of “oldspeak” or that of natural human language, as noted by “Don 't you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought?” decreasing the creative, conscious, capacity of the people of Oceania, one might note that the language structure of Nineteen Eighty-Four isn’t newspeak, mainly to the benefit of the reader. It is, however noted by syme in Part I chapter V where he discusses the eventual evolution or instead, rather the atavism of language with “not a single human being will be alive who could understand such a conversation as we are having now” and therefore it is understood that the deconstruction of language is still in progress, used only in writing rather than that of speech. This, therefore allows one to understand the ability for Winston Smith and others to break free from their oppressive regime, as full control is still being formed. Conversely, Zamyatin’s most evident destruction of individuality is by destroying the traditional concept of names. Names within We are based on a single letter and a series of numbers, for example We’s …show more content…
These were wished to be destroyed as an act of bringing peace; even if the overall consensus led to the survival of individual liberty. From, what one can take from the overall understanding of the texts and the societies in which they satirised, the use of symbolism is all too important in revealing the fact that all societies eventually stem from the same roots and that is the natural human instinct to provide a society that benefits all in the utilitarian understanding, and so as we view the rise of so called rebellion in We and Nineteen Eighty-Four, the rebellion of the self, in search of what it is that allows one to prosper efficiently. Orwell and Zamyatin’s goal was to present their texts in a way that could inform, the reader of what it is that makes them free, they were in one’s opinion not trying to directly represent either the Soviet Union or Nazi Germany, but instead their focus was to proliferate their understanding as to the way in which humanity might lead itself if it ignores either the popular opinion or their own conscience instead what is meant to be, for one to truly be free is to acknowledge the changes within society and adapt accordingly as to what they perceive to be their best possible
This itself alludes to America’s extreme response to communism during the Cold War era, under the influence of Senator Joe McCarthy. Similar to the paranoia that characterized the McCarthy era, Orwell’s dystopian society was expected to betray their friends, family and co-workers for the benefit of the state and themselves. This is made explicitly evident during Winston’s visit to the cafe, in which the telescreen sang; “Under the spreading chestnut tree/ I sold you and you sold me…”Foreshadowing Winston’s eventual betrayal of Maria in order to save himself, and his conformity to the party. Furthermore, the notion that “nothing was your own except the few cubic centimetres in your skull” becomes ironic as the novel develops in which the criminalisation of unorthodox ideologies leads to the punishment of “thoughtcrime”, and the eventual “vaporisation” of dissidents. This itself alludes to the ‘great purges’ that took place under the terror that characterized Joseph Stalin’s reign. Likewise, the inherent fear of eccentricity amongst the oppressed citizens of “Airstrip one” is highlighted by the nature of “facecrime” in which the presence of an improper expression or any suggestion of abnormality could be punished. Thus, through Orwell 's effective use of allusion and characterisation, contextual audiences are provided with a didactic warning regarding the nature of a totalitarian reign, in which a “hideous ecstasy of fear” influences society’s
One of the most essential ways in which feelings are expressed by humans is through language. Without language people are merely robotic figures that can not express their thoughts because language is in fact thought. When this speech is taken away through complete governmental power, a portion of human nature is also taken away. In 1984, due to totalitarianism, language has begun to transform into a poor representation of humanity and natural human expression. Orwell states, “But if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought.” In the novel, a new language, Newspeak, has emerged. Newspeak has drastically limited the vocabulary of the English language
Having studied George Orwell's 'Nineteen Eighty-Four', I intend to discuss the type of Government envisaged by Orwell and to what extent his totalitarian Party, 'Ingsoc', satirises past regimes. I will also discuss Orwell's motive in writing such a piece and how his writing style helps it become clear.The main theme of Nineteen Eighty-Four concerns the restrictions imposed on individual freedom by a totalitarian regime. Orwell shows how such a system can impose its will on the people through manipulation of the press, the elimination of democracy, constant supervision (courtesy of the Telescreens) and more. Orwell also shows how the state has more subtle methods for imposing its authority, such as the manipulation of language and control of the media.
The time frame of this article is in 1946, a year after World War 2 has ended. Orwell takes the current situation into consideration when he appeals to his audience. Therefore, he addresses areas of politics in combination with recent events to try to persuade his audience while inducing a connection between the reader and his article. Orwell writes, “Things like the continuance of British rule in India, the Russian purges and deportations, the dropping of the atom bombs on Japan, can indeed be defended, but only by arguments which are too brutal for most people to face…”. The reader makes a connection with the article because they can remember the previous experience of the topics in their time frame. However, Orwell uses pathos to finally convince the audience of his argument when he writes “Defenseless villages are bombarded from the air, the inhabitants driven out into the countryside, the cattle machine-gunned, and the huts set on fire with incendiary bullets”. This technique is highly effective because readers automatically feel a sense of pity and sadness which in turn persuades the audience of the argument and convinces them to agree with Orwell’s
In 1984 and V for Vendetta, the different behaviours of the anti-heroes, Winston and V, illustrate their approach to attaining freedom from the totalitarian government. George Orwell’s 1984 and James McTeigue’s V for Vendetta use the anti-heroes’ behaviour to identify their approach to their cause—liberation from the totalitarian government. For example, Winston is the typical citizen who rebels against the government in a quiet and peaceful way, whereas V is a revolutionist in an excited and violent way. This comparison helps classify the key behaviours, which explains the different approaches the anti-heroes took towards liberation.
). Did Orwell realise quite what he had done in Nineteen Eighty-Four? His post-publication glosses on its meaning reveal either blankness or bad faith even about its contemporary political implications. He insisted, for example, that his 'recent novel [was] NOT intended as an attack on Socialism or on the British Labour Party (of which I am a supporter)'.(1) He may well not have intended it but that is what it can reasonably be taken to be. Warburg saw this immediately he had read the manuscript, and predicted that Nineteen Eighty-Four '[was] worth a cool million votes to the Conservative Party';(2) the literary editor of the Evening Standard 'sarcastically prescribed it as "required reading" for Labour Party M.P.s',(3) and, in the US, the Washington branch of the John Birch Society 'adopted "1984" as the last four digits of its telephone number'.(4) Moreover, Churchill had made the 'inseparably interwoven' relation between socialism and totalitarianism a plank in his 1945 election campaign(5) (and was not the protagonist of Nineteen Eighty-Four called Winston?). If, ten years earlier, an Orwell had written a futuristic fantasy in which Big Brother had had Hitler's features rather than Stalin's, would not the Left, whatever the writer's proclaimed political sympathies, have welcomed it as showing how capitalism, by its very nature, led to totalitarian fascism?
In George Orwell’s 1984, the strategies used by Oceania’s Political Party to achieve total control over the population are similar to the ones employed by Joseph Stalin during his reign. Indeed, the tactics used by Oceania’s Party truly depicts the brutal totalitarian society of Stalin’s Russia. In making a connection between Stalin’s Russia and Big Brothers’ Oceania, each Political Party implements a psychological and physical manipulation over society by controlling the information and the language with the help of technology.
In George Orwell 's "Nineteen Eighty-Four," the main storyline revolves around a dystopian society whose self-thought has been corrupted by an over empowered governing body. Orwell’s intention was to bring Hitler’s ideas to life. Smith is a middle-aged frail man who is ambivalent towards his government, however is unable to resist the strength of the indoctrination he has been subjected to, during the entirety of his life. As the reader progresses through the novel, ideas of totalitarianism are illustrated throughout the story via Smith’s internal and external conflicts with his government. It quickly becomes apparent that there is an uncopiable amount of government power which is something that is seen as early as the second paragraph. Propaganda
Authors often use their works as a way to express their own opinions and ideologies. However, it is the skill of the author that determines whether these ideas are combined with the plot seamlessly, making a creative transition of ideas from the author’s mind, to the reader’s. There is no doubt that George Orwell is a masterful writer, and one of his most popular works, 1984, clearly expresses his negative views of the Totalitarian government. A common theme in the dystopian society in 1984 is betrayal: The Party is very intolerant towards any form of disloyalty, and anyone who plots against them or Big Brother will eventually either betray their own mind and accept Big Brother as their leader, or be betrayed and revealed to The Party by one of their so-called comrades. Overall, Orwell is using this constant theme of betrayal to show how alone and alienated the protagonist (Winston Smith) is in his quest against Totalitarianism, thus showing how flawed and hopeless the political system is.
The main character in the story Winston Smith makes sure that he “set his features into the expression of quiet optimism which it was advisable to wear when facing the telescreen” (5). The proles showed no emotion in their face. It was important for them to watch their expressions especially anger. Any emotion that showed judgment to the government would be taken as ill-thoughts towards the government and they would endure punishment. In order to control their language as well, the government had created a language called newspeak. “Newspeak was the official language of Oceania and had been devised to meet the ideological needs of Ingsoc, or English Socialism” (299). The government wanted to replace oldspeak in order to gain better control of the proles. Newspeak was intended to “not only provide a medium of expression for the world-view and mental habits proper to the devotees of Ingsoc, but make all other modes of thought impossible” (299-300). The party had started to pick up on the new language, but they didn’t expect the language to be in full effect till 2050. This is an ongoing development within the government to gain more control over the proles in their thoughts and
War Is Peace. Freedom Is Slavery. Ignorance Is Strength. The party slogan of Ingsoc illustrates the sense of contradiction which characterizes the novel 1984. That the book was taken by many as a condemnation of socialism would have troubled Orwell greatly, had he lived to see the aftermath of his work. 1984 was a warning against totalitarianism and state sponsored brutality driven by excess technology. Socialist idealism in 1984 had turned to a total loss of individual freedom in exchange for false security and obedience to a totalitarian government, a dysutopia. 1984 was more than a simple warning to the socialists of Orwell's time. There are many complex philosophical issues buried deep within Orwell's satire and fiction. It was an essay on personal freedom, identity, language and thought, technology, religion, and the social class system. 1984 is more than a work of fiction. It is a prediction and a warning, clothed in the guise of science fiction, not so much about what could happen as it is about the implications of what has already happened. Rather than simply discoursing his views on the social and political issues of his day, Orwell chose to narrate them into a work of fiction which is timeless in interpretation. This is the reason that 1984 remains a relevant work of social and philosophical commentary more than fifty years after its completion.
“WAR IS PEACE, FREEDOM IS SLAVERY, IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH.” Part 1,Chapter 1,pg. 6. These three principles were repeatedly emphasized throughout the book and helped lay the foundation of the dystopian society George Orwell imagined in his novel 1984. Fear, manipulation, and control were all encompassed throughout this dystopian society set in the distant future. The freedom to express ones thoughts was no longer acceptable and would not be tolerated under any circumstances. Humankind was rapidly transforming into a corrupt and evil state of mind.
Nineteen Eighty-Four is a dystopian novel written by George Orwell and published in 1949. Many parallels of Orwell’s ideas on Nationalism and Totalitarianism can be found in the novel. In his essay ‘Why I Write’, Orwell explained that the work he has done since the Spanish Civil War was ‘written directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism.’ Nineteen Eighty-Four can definitely be seen as a warning against totalitarianism and thus explores several of the concepts of a totalitarian society and expresses Orwell’s concerns with Nationalism and
George Orwell’s intent in the novel 1984 is to warn society about the results of a controlling and manipulative government by employing mood, conflict, and imagery.
1984 by George Orwell is an extremely negative outlook on a futuristic, seemingly utopian society. People inhabiting the land of Oceania are enslaved to the government, most without even realizing it. The Party uses its many members to enforce its methods of control on the population. While a bit extreme, Orwell was attempting to warn people about the dangers of totalitarianism.