low loss materials such as gold and silver. Thirdly Homogeneity is required to create a NIM which the radiation will interact with uniformly. The Electron beam lithography process utilises a beam of electrons to create periodic voids on the surface of a resist which will have a negative refractive index at certain wavelengths. The width of electron beam can be adjusted to have a width on the nano-scale, which is necessary for the incident electromagnetic radiation to interact with the metama...
nano-objects are constructed from larger entities without atomic-level control. The advances in analytical tools such as the scanning tunnelling microscope and the atomic force microscope, complemented with processes such as electron beam lithography and molecular beam epitaxy, allow scientists to manipulate nanostructures and observe new phenomena and properties. How Nanotechnology impacts our lives? Nanotechnology is used for a wide variety of applications and currently there more than six
The energy-band diagram of such a diode is shown in Fig. 1. The electron have a tunneling probability across the insulator which depends exponentially on the distance it has to traverse while in the bandgap of the insulator. Since this distance changes linearly with the diode voltage for an appropriate set of diode parameters
Major Developments in Hardware and Software Introduction To the present computers only they have left two generations more to be able to continue being at the same time smaller and more powerful, the two generations that calculate that they allow the present technologies of miniaturization of its basic circuits. The perspective of not being able to maintain this tendency does not please anything to the physicists and computer science technicians, reason why, supported by the great companies